CN112616544B - Rapid breeding method for improved variety seedlings of eucommia ulmoides - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for quickly breeding improved eucommia seed seedlings, which comprises the steps of selecting improved eucommia seedling seedlings as stock plants, digging out the stock plants with soil after the stock plants are subjected to fixed drying, then placing the stock plants into seedling bags, placing the seedling bags on a placing ground, performing water and fertilizer management, and transplanting new seedlings when the height of the seedlings reaches 50cm and the ground diameter reaches 0.5 cm. The method has the advantages of simple operation, convenient management and less investment, and the seedlings are obtained by taking the eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stocks as stock plants and cultivating the stock plants, thereby being beneficial to improving and ensuring the eucommia ulmoides improved variety seedling quality, keeping the eucommia ulmoides improved variety excellent characters, having the characteristics of low seedling cost and the like, and having important practical significance for the development of the eucommia ulmoides industry.

Description

Rapid breeding method for improved variety seedlings of eucommia ulmoides

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a seedling rapid breeding method, in particular to a rapid breeding method of improved variety seedlings of eucommia ulmoides.

Background

Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides) belongs to the family Eucommiaceae, is a single species, is an ancient tree species remained by the movement of the tertiary glacier, and is a unique and valuable economic tree species in China. Eucommia bark is not only a rare Chinese medicinal material, but also an important industrial raw material for extracting natural rubber. In addition, eucommia also is a good material for tree species, landscaping and soil and water conservation. Therefore, the eucommia ulmoides is a plant integrating ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, and has extremely high development and utilization values. At present, comprehensive development and utilization of eucommia ulmoides at home and abroad relate to a plurality of fields of medicine and health, energy and chemical industry, landscaping and the like, and a brand new pattern for multidisciplinary comprehensive research and utilization and development is formed.

The comprehensive technological matching of improved variety, strong seedling and improved method is the basis of healthy development of eucommia industry, and the improved variety seedling and strong seedling of eucommia plays a key role in the development. At present, eucommia ulmoides seedling breeding mainly uses seed breeding as a main part, fresh and full seeds are used for sowing, and the seedlings can be provided in a large scale, but due to high heterozygosis of eucommia ulmoides genomes, the situations that the phenotype and the growth condition of seedlings among seedlings are inconsistent and the like easily occur when the seedlings are bred by using improved eucommia ulmoides seeds are utilized, and the popularization and application process of the improved eucommia ulmoides is severely limited. How to maintain the excellent properties of the improved variety of eucommia during the process of breeding seedlings is a problem to be solved urgently in the development process of the eucommia industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for quickly breeding improved eucommia seedlings aiming at the defects of the prior art, the improved eucommia seedlings are used as stock plants, high-quality seedlings are obtained through cultivation, the excellent properties of the improved eucommia seedlings are maintained, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, convenience in management, low seedling raising cost and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for rapidly breeding improved variety seedlings of eucommia ulmoides comprises the following steps:

1. selection and pretreatment of eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stock

Selecting an improved variety of eucommia seedlings which are robust in growth and have a tree circumference of 4-7 cm at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground as a stock plant, fixing the trunk to be 50-70 cm, and coating oil paint on the top end of the trunk to prevent the trunk from being dry and dry due to water evaporation.

2. Seedling lifting of eucommia ulmoides fine variety nursery stock

Digging a circular tree hole with the diameter of 40-50 cm around the stock plant, cutting off roots outside the circular tree hole and at the bottom, digging out soil blocks in the circular tree hole together with the stock plant, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root-broken part to promote the roots to form new seedlings.

3. Seedling bagging

The stock plant with the soil blocks is put into a ventilating and light-transmitting cylindrical nursery stock bag, the caliber of the nursery stock bag is larger than the diameter of the soil blocks, the stock plant is placed at the center of the nursery stock bag, and a culture medium is filled in a gap between the nursery stock bag and the soil blocks.

The culture medium is planting soil or a mixture of coconut coir and planting soil. The volume ratio of the coconut coir to the planting field soil in the mixture of the coconut coir and the planting field soil is 2-4: 1.

4. restoration of growth of nursery stock

Turning loose the surface soil of the nursery stock bags in advance, and paving a sandy soil mixture with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the turned loose surface soil; and leveling sandy soil mixed materials, transferring the nursery stock bags loaded with the stock plants to the sandy soil mixed materials, placing the nursery stock bags at intervals of 30-40 cm, and watering to keep the parent plants, the soil blocks containing the parent plants and the sandy soil mixed materials of the place where the nursery stock bags are placed moist. Keeping illumination, shading at high temperature at noon, watering 3-5 times per week, keeping soil moist to recover the growth of the stock plant and the cut root of the stock plant. The sand and soil mixing material is a mixture of sand and soil, wherein the ratio of the sand to the soil is 1: 2 to 4.

5. Strong seedling of new seedling

And (3) keeping watering and shading management until the parent plant is cut off and the root is recovered, growing new seedlings from the cut root, applying fertilizer for 1 time after the new seedlings come out of the soil, applying fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days later, applying 12g of urea to each plant for the first time, and increasing the urea application amount to 28g per mu every time later, so as to promote the quick growth of the new seedlings.

6. Transplanting of new seedlings

Digging out the new seedlings and cutting off the roots of the new seedlings and the mother plants when the new seedlings reach 50cm high and 0.5cm ground diameter, reserving the soil around the roots of the new seedlings, transplanting the new seedlings with soil balls to ensure the survival rate of the new seedlings, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management after transplanting to finish the rapid seedling culture process of the improved eucommia ulmoides.

The method has the advantages of simple operation, convenient management and less investment, and the seedlings are obtained by taking the eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stocks as stock plants and cultivating the stock plants, thereby being beneficial to improving and ensuring the eucommia ulmoides improved variety seedling quality, keeping the eucommia ulmoides improved variety excellent characters, having the characteristics of low seedling cost and the like, and having important practical significance for the development of the eucommia ulmoides industry.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods not specified in the following examples are generally commercially available according to the conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturers, and the materials, reagents and the like used therein, unless otherwise specified.

Fast breeding of improved variety of eucommia seed

The first embodiment,

1. Selection and pretreatment of eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stock

Selecting a strong eucommia seed seedling which is about 5cm around the tree circumference at a position 10cm away from the ground as a mother plant, fixing the trunk to be 60cm, and coating paint on the top end (a trunk cutting opening and the position near the trunk cutting opening) of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation.

2. Seedling lifting of eucommia ulmoides fine variety nursery stock

Digging a round tree hole with the diameter of about 40cm around the stock plant, cutting off roots outside the round tree hole (with the radius of 20cm) and at the bottom (excessive damage to root skins is reduced as much as possible in the root cutting process), digging out soil blocks in the round tree hole together with the stock plant, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root cutting part to promote the roots to form new seedlings.

3. Seedling bagging

The stock plant with the soil blocks is put into a cylindrical nursery stock bag which is 50cm in diameter, 40cm in height, air-permeable and light-permeable, the stock plant is placed at the center of the nursery stock bag, and a mixture of coconut coir and soil of a planting field is filled in a gap between the nursery stock bag and the soil blocks (the volume ratio of the coconut coir to the soil of the planting field is 2: 1).

4. Restoration of growth of nursery stock

The method comprises the following steps of (1) turning up the surface soil of a nursery stock bag in advance, and paving a sand soil mixture (a mixture of sand and soil in a volume ratio of 1: 3, wherein the soil is planting soil) with the thickness of about 3cm on the turned-up surface soil; leveling sandy soil mixed materials, transferring the nursery stock bags loaded with the stock plants to the sandy soil mixed materials, placing the nursery stock bags at intervals of 30cm, and watering to keep the stock plants, the soil blocks containing the stock plants and the sandy soil mixed materials of the place where the nursery stock bags are placed moist. Keeping illumination, shading at high temperature at noon, watering 3 times per week, keeping soil moist to recover the growth of stock plant and cut root of stock plant.

5. Strong seedling of new seedling

And (3) keeping watering and shading management until the parent plant cuts off the root and recovers, growing a new seedling (root-tillering seedling) from the cut root, applying fertilizer for 1 time after the new seedling grows out of soil, applying fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days later, applying 12g of urea to each plant for the first time, and applying urea to 28g of urea to each mu of land each time later in order to promote the quick growth of the new seedling.

6. Transplanting of new seedlings

Digging out the new seedlings and cutting off the roots of the new seedlings and the mother plants when the new seedlings reach 50cm high and 0.5cm ground diameter, reserving the soil around the roots of the new seedlings, transplanting the new seedlings with soil balls to ensure the survival rate of the new seedlings, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management after transplanting to finish the rapid seedling culture process of the improved eucommia ulmoides.

Example II,

1. Selection and pretreatment of eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stock

Selecting a strong eucommia seedling with a tree circumference of about 7cm at a position 12cm away from the ground as a stock plant, fixing the trunk for 50cm, and painting paint on the top end (a trunk cutting opening and a part near the trunk cutting opening) of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation.

2. Seedling lifting of eucommia ulmoides fine variety nursery stock

Digging a circular tree hole with the diameter of 45cm around the stock plant, cutting off roots outside the circular tree hole (with the radius of 22.5cm) and at the bottom (excessive damage to root skins is reduced as much as possible in the root cutting process), digging out soil blocks in the circular tree hole together with the stock plant, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root cutting part to promote the roots to form new seedlings.

3. Seedling bagging

The stock plant with the soil blocks is put into a ventilating and light-transmitting cylindrical nursery stock bag with the diameter of 60cm and the height of 40cm, the stock plant is placed at the center of the nursery stock bag, and planting soil is filled in the gap between the nursery stock bag and the soil blocks.

4. Restoration of growth of nursery stock

The method comprises the following steps of (1) turning up the surface soil of a nursery stock bag in advance, and paving a sand soil mixture (a mixture of sand and soil in a volume ratio of 1: 4, wherein the soil is planting soil) with the thickness of about 5cm on the turned-up surface soil; leveling sandy soil mixed materials, transferring the nursery stock bags loaded with the stock plants to the sandy soil mixed materials, placing the nursery stock bags at intervals of 40cm, and watering to keep the stock plants, the soil blocks containing the stock plants and the sandy soil mixed materials of the place where the nursery stock bags are placed moist. Keeping illumination, shading at high temperature at noon, watering 5 times per week, keeping soil moist to recover the growth of stock plant and cut root of stock plant.

5. Strong seedling of new seedling

And (3) keeping watering and shading management until the parent plant cuts off the root and recovers, growing a new seedling (root tillering seedling) from the cut root, applying fertilizer for 1 time after the new seedling grows out of soil, applying fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days, applying 12g of urea to each plant for the first time, and increasing the urea applied to each plant to 28g every time.

6. Transplanting of new seedlings

Digging out the new seedlings and cutting off the roots of the new seedlings and the mother plants when the new seedlings reach 50cm high and 0.5cm ground diameter, reserving the soil around the roots of the new seedlings, transplanting the new seedlings with soil balls to ensure the survival rate of the new seedlings, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management after transplanting to finish the rapid seedling culture process of the improved eucommia ulmoides.

EXAMPLE III

1. Selection and pretreatment of eucommia ulmoides improved variety nursery stock

Selecting a strong eucommia seed seedling which is surrounded by about 4cm at a position 10cm away from the ground as a mother plant, fixing the trunk for 50cm, and coating paint on the top end (a trunk cutting opening and the position near the trunk cutting opening) of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation.

2. Seedling lifting of eucommia ulmoides fine variety nursery stock

Digging a circular tree hole with the diameter of 40cm around the stock plant, cutting off roots outside the circular tree hole (with the radius of 20cm) and at the bottom (excessive damage to root skins is reduced as much as possible in the root cutting process), digging out soil blocks in the circular tree hole together with the stock plant, and spraying liquid fertilizer on the root cutting part to promote the roots to form new seedlings.

3. Seedling bagging

The stock plant with the soil blocks is placed into a cylindrical nursery stock bag which is 50cm in diameter, 40cm in height, air-permeable and light-permeable, the stock plant is placed in the center of the nursery stock bag, and a mixture of coconut coir and planting land soil is filled in a gap between the nursery stock bag and the soil blocks (the volume ratio of the coconut coir to the planting land soil is 3: 1).

4. Restoration of growth of nursery stock

The method comprises the following steps of (1) turning up the surface soil of a nursery stock bag in advance, and paving a sand soil mixture (a mixture of sand and soil in a volume ratio of 1: 3, wherein the soil is planting soil) with the thickness of about 3cm on the turned-up surface soil; leveling sandy soil mixed materials, transferring the nursery stock bags loaded with the stock plants to the sandy soil mixed materials, placing the nursery stock bags at intervals of 35cm, and watering to keep the stock plants, the soil blocks containing the stock plants and the sandy soil mixed materials of the place where the nursery stock bags are placed moist. Keeping illumination, shading at high temperature at noon, watering for 4 times per week, keeping soil moist to recover the growth of stock plant and cut root of stock plant.

5. Strong seedling of new seedling

And (3) keeping watering and shading management until the parent plant cuts off the root and recovers, growing a new seedling (root tillering seedling) from the cut root, applying fertilizer for 1 time after the new seedling grows out of soil, applying fertilizer for 1 time every 10 days, applying 12g of urea to each plant for the first time, and increasing the urea applied to each plant to 28g every time.

6. Transplanting of new seedlings

Digging out the new seedlings and cutting off the roots of the new seedlings and the mother plants when the new seedlings reach 50cm high and 0.5cm ground diameter, reserving the soil around the roots of the new seedlings, transplanting the new seedlings with soil balls to ensure the survival rate of the new seedlings, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management after transplanting to finish the rapid seedling culture process of the improved eucommia ulmoides.

Seedling breeding of different stock plants was used as a control example:

the first comparative example is as follows: selecting a good variety of eucommia seedlings which are robust in growth and surround 2cm from the ground at a position 10cm away from the ground as a stock plant, fixing the trunk at 60cm, and painting oil on the top end (a trunk cutting opening and the position near the trunk cutting opening) of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation. The other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Comparative example two: selecting a good variety of eucommia seedlings which are robust in growth and surround 10cm from the ground as a stock plant, fixing the trunk to be 60cm, and painting paint on the top end (a trunk cutting opening and the position near the trunk cutting opening) of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation. The other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Second, identification of breeding effect of eucommia ulmoides seedling

1. And (3) identifying the sprouting and seedling effect of different eucommia ulmoides stock plants:

in order to identify the seedling formation effect of different eucommia ulmoides stock plants, the number of adult eucommia ulmoides stock plants in the above examples and comparative examples was counted, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 sprouting growth of different eucommia ulmoides stock plants

Item	Number of stock plants	Number of grown seedlings
			Example one	20 plants	421 strains
Example two	20 plants	409 Strain
			EXAMPLE III	20 plants	401 strain
Comparison example 1	20 plants	169 plants
			Comparative example two	20 plants	205 strain

The seedling forming results show that the eucommia ulmoides improved variety seedlings which are robust in growth and have the tree circumference of 4-7 cm at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground are selected as stock plants, the seedling forming number of a single plant is more than 20, and is obviously higher than that of a first control example (namely the eucommia ulmoides improved variety seedlings which are robust in growth and have the tree circumference of about 2cm at a position 10cm away from the ground are selected as the stock plants) and a second control example (namely the eucommia ulmoides improved variety seedlings which are robust in growth and have the tree circumference of about 10cm at a position 10cm away from the ground are selected as the stock plants), the requirement of batch seedling propagation can be met, and a good foundation is laid for large-scale high-quality seedling propagation.

2. And (3) identifying the transplanting effect of the newly-born nursery:

in order to identify the transplanting and survival effect of the new seedlings (root seedlings), the transplanting and growth conditions of the new nursery gardens of the embodiments and the comparative examples are observed, the survival number is counted, the survival rate is calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 transplanting growth of the eucommia ulmoides new seedlings

Item	Number of newly born seedlings	Number of survivals	Survival rate
				Example one	100	96	96.00％
Example two	100	92	92.00％
				EXAMPLE III	100	94	94.00％
Comparison example 1	100	77	77.00％
				Comparative example two	100	64	64.00％

The transplanting effect shows that the method performs field transplanting on the new seedlings, takes the eucommia improved variety seedlings which grow robustly and have the tree circumference of 4-7 cm at the position 8-12 cm away from the ground as parent plants, and the new seedlings formed by root tillers have higher transplanting survival rate of the new seedlings, which reaches more than 90 percent, thereby having important practical significance for the development of the eucommia industry.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for rapidly breeding improved variety seedlings of eucommia ulmoides is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting and pretreating eucommia ulmoides fine variety seedlings

Selecting a strong-growing eucommia improved variety seedling with the tree circumference of 4-7 cm at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground as a stock plant, fixing the trunk to be 50-70 cm, and coating paint on the top end of the trunk to prevent the trunk from drying up due to water evaporation;

2) and the seedling of the eucommia ulmoides fine variety seedling

Digging a round tree hole with the diameter of 40-50 cm around the stock plant, cutting off roots outside the round tree hole and at the bottom, digging out soil blocks in the round tree hole together with the stock plant, and spraying a liquid fertilizer on the root-broken part to promote the roots to form new seedlings;

3) bagging of nursery stock

Putting a stock plant with soil blocks into a breathable and light-transmitting cylindrical nursery stock bag, wherein the caliber of the nursery stock bag is larger than the diameter of the soil blocks, placing the stock plant at the center of the nursery stock bag, and filling a culture medium in a gap between the nursery stock bag and the soil blocks; the culture medium is planting soil or a mixture of coconut coir and planting soil; the volume ratio of the coconut coir to the planting field soil in the mixture of the coconut coir and the planting field soil is 2-4: 1;

4) and the nursery stock recovers growth

Turning loose the surface soil of the nursery stock bags in advance, and paving a sandy soil mixture with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the turned loose surface soil; leveling sandy soil mixed materials, transferring nursery stock bags loaded with stock plants to the sandy soil mixed materials, placing the nursery stock bags at intervals of 30-40 cm, and watering to keep the parent plants, soil blocks containing the parent plants and the sandy soil mixed materials of the place where the nursery stock bags are placed wet; keeping illumination, shading at high temperature at noon, watering for 3-5 times per week, keeping soil moist to recover the growth of the stock plant and the cut roots of the stock plant; the sand and soil mixing material is a mixture of sand and soil, wherein the ratio of the sand to the soil is 1: 2-4;

5) and the new seedling is strong

Keeping watering and shading management until the parent plant is cut off and the root is recovered, and growing new seedlings from the cut root, wherein in order to promote the quick growth of the new seedlings, the new seedlings are fertilized for 1 time after coming out of soil, the fertilizer is fertilized for 1 time every 10 days, 12g of urea is applied to each plant for the first time, and the urea application amount of each plant is increased to 28g every time;

6) transplanting new seedlings

Digging out the new seedlings and cutting off the roots of the new seedlings and the mother plants when the new seedlings reach 50cm high and 0.5cm ground diameter, reserving the soil around the roots of the new seedlings, transplanting the new seedlings with soil balls to ensure the survival rate of the new seedlings, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management after transplanting to finish the rapid seedling culture process of the improved eucommia ulmoides.