CN112553660A - 一种铝合金表面电镀铬与pvd镀膜复合强化方法 - Google Patents

一种铝合金表面电镀铬与pvd镀膜复合强化方法 Download PDF

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CN112553660A
CN112553660A CN202011533197.7A CN202011533197A CN112553660A CN 112553660 A CN112553660 A CN 112553660A CN 202011533197 A CN202011533197 A CN 202011533197A CN 112553660 A CN112553660 A CN 112553660A
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electroplating
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李聪
肖斌
谢盼
陈荐
邱玮
李微
何建军
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Qingyuan Yuebo Technology Co ltd
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    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • C25D3/06Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium

Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜的复合强化方法。首先,对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干;对铝合金进行镀铬处理;对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗;放入PVD炉内,进行氩离子清洗,然后打开靶材,通入氮气,沉积PVD硬质膜,沉积PVD硬质膜,工艺参数为:真空度0.2~6 Pa,样品偏压为‑40~‑180 V,通入氮气,气压为2~6 Pa,温度400~480℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流70~110 A,沉积3.5~6 h,制得PVD硬质膜层。获得膜基结合性好,表面硬度高达3000HV,耐磨性较普通方法得到的提高了5倍的高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。

Description

一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及激光金属材料加工领域,尤其涉及一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法。
背景技术
铝合金具有轻质、高强等特点,是重要轻质结构材料,被广泛用于航天航空、高速列车、汽车、船舶和建筑等领域。然而,铝合金零件表面硬度较低、耐磨性能较差,在服役过程中易产生磨损、裂纹、疲劳等,导致零件失效,造成经济损失。因此,有必要提升铝合金零件表面力学性能。物理气相沉积(PVD)硬质涂层具有高的表面硬度、稳定的化学惰性、良好的热稳定性和耐腐蚀性,能有效提升铝合金零件的使用寿命、降低生产成本和保证加工产品的质量。然而,直接在铝合金表面沉积PVD硬质涂层,存在膜基结合性差等问题,此外,在重载作用下,涂层易开裂。因此,需要在铝合金基体与PVD硬质涂层之间引入中间硬化层,改善涂层与基体界面结合行为,并提高承载能力。本发明报道一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,该方法能在保证涂层与基材结合力的情况下,显著提高铝合金表面的硬度、耐磨及耐腐蚀等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干。
步骤二:对铝合金进行镀铬处理,工艺参数如下:电镀中电解液包括200~250 g /L铬酐、2.0~2.5g/L硫酸和3.0~6.0g/L三价铬,电流密度为50~90A/dm2,电镀温度为50~70℃。
步骤三:对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗。
步骤四:将镀铬铝合金试样放入PVD炉内,进行氩离子清洗。
步骤五:打开靶材,通入氮气,沉积PVD硬质膜,工艺参数为:真空度调节为0.2~6Pa,样品偏压为-40~-180 V,通入氮气,气压为2~6 Pa,样品温度控制在400~480℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流70~110 A,沉积3.5~6 h,制得PVD硬质膜层。
步骤六:进行低温时效处理,时效温度175℃,时效时间24h,获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。
在步骤四中,氩离子清洗工艺参数为:当PVD炉腔内真空度为小于5´10-3 Pa时,通入氩气并控制流量在100~300 sccm,气压小于0.3 Pa,样品温度400~550℃,负偏压550V,轰击时间7~12 min;
所述的铝合金,包括2000系、5000系、6000系及7000系铝合金。
本发明通过对镀铬工艺的严格筛选,获得优化的镀铬窗口如下:电镀中电解液包括200~250 g /L铬酐、2.0~2.5g/L硫酸和3.0~6.0g/L三价铬,电流密度为50~90A/dm2,电镀温度为50~70℃;通过对沉积PVD硬质涂层工艺参数的优化,获得优化的PVD工艺参数如下:真空度调节为0.2~6 Pa,样品偏压为-40~-180 V,通入氮气,气压为2~6 Pa,样品温度控制在400~480℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流70~110 A,沉积3.5~6 h。最后,按上述工艺参数及方法进行电镀及表面PVD镀膜,铝合金表面获得电镀层样,并在表面获得高性能PVD硬质涂层,有效提高铝合金表面耐磨耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为采用已有方法所获得的铝合金表面PVD涂层试样;
图2为采用本发明实施例1所获得的铝合金镀铬+PVD涂层强化试样金相图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
以6061铝合金为例。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对6061铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干;步骤二:对6061铝合金进行镀铬处理,工艺参数如下:电镀中电解液包括230 g /L铬酐、2.3g/L硫酸和4.0g/L三价铬,电流密度为65A/dm2,电镀温度为62℃;步骤三:对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗;步骤四:将镀铬6061铝合金试样放入PVD炉内,进行氩离子清洗;步骤五:打开靶材,通入氮气,沉积PVD硬质膜,工艺参数为:真空度调节为3 Pa,样品偏压为-120 V,通入氮气,气压为4 Pa,样品温度控制在460℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流90 A,沉积4 h,制得PVD硬质膜层;步骤六:进行低温时效处理,时效温度175℃,时效时间24h,获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的6061铝合金零件,膜基结合性好,表面硬度可达3000HV,耐磨性提高约5倍,且试样表现出良好的耐腐蚀性。
图1为采用已有方法所获得的铝合金表面PVD涂层试样压痕形貌。从图中可以看出,加载后铝合金表面PVD涂层压痕周围出现了微裂纹及大量的碎片,这说明直接在铝合金表面沉积PVD硬质涂层,尽管涂层硬度高,但存在膜基结合性差问题。
图2为采用本发明实施例1所获得的铝合金镀铬+PVD涂层强化试样压痕形貌。压痕形状完整,边界清晰,无微观裂纹和碎片产生,说明镀铬层与PVD硬质涂层界面结合良好。上述结果表明镀铬层可以作为良好的过渡层,有效提高基材与PVD涂层的膜基结合能力与承载水平,且表面硬度高达约3000HV,耐磨性提高约5倍。
实施例2
以7075铝合金为例。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对7075铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干;步骤二:对7075铝合金进行镀铬处理,工艺参数如下:电镀中电解液包括235 g /L铬酐、2.4g/L硫酸和5.0g/L三价铬,电流密度为85A/dm2,电镀温度为65℃;步骤三:对7075铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗;步骤四:将镀铬的7075铝合金试样放入PVD炉内,进行氩离子清洗;步骤五:打开靶材,通入氮气,沉积PVD硬质膜,工艺参数为:真空度调节为4.5 Pa,样品偏压为-100 V,通入氮气,气压为3.8 Pa,样品温度控制在450℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流90 A,沉积4.6 h,制得PVD硬质膜层;步骤六:进行低温时效处理,时效温度175℃,时效时间24h,获得膜基结合性好,具有高硬、高耐磨表面的7075铝合金零件,表面硬度可达约3000HV,耐磨性提高约5倍。

Claims (3)

1.一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤一:对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干;
步骤二:对铝合金进行镀铬处理,工艺参数如下:电镀中电解液包括200~250 g /L铬酐、2.0~2.5g/L硫酸和3.0~6.0g/L三价铬,电流密度为50~90A/dm2,电镀温度为50~70℃;
步骤三:对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗;
步骤四:将镀铬铝合金试样放入PVD炉内,进行氩离子清洗;
步骤五:打开靶材,通入氮气,沉积PVD硬质膜,工艺参数为:真空度调节为0.2~6 Pa,样品偏压为-40~-180 V,通入氮气,气压为2~6 Pa,样品温度控制在400~480℃,靶材为AlCrN靶,靶材电流70~110 A,沉积3.5~6 h,制得PVD硬质膜层。
步骤六:进行低温时效处理,时效温度175℃,时效时间24h,获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,其特征在于:在步骤四中,氩离子清洗工艺参数为:当PVD炉腔内真空度为小于5´10-3 Pa时,通入氩气并控制流量在100~300 sccm,气压小于0.3 Pa,样品温度400~550℃,负偏压550V,轰击时间7~12 min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法,其特征在于:所述的铝合金,包括2000系、5000系、6000系及7000系铝合金。
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