CN112553660B - 一种铝合金表面电镀铬与pvd镀膜复合强化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜的复合强化方法。首先，对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干；对铝合金进行镀铬处理；对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗；放入PVD炉内，进行氩离子清洗，然后打开靶材，通入氮气，沉积PVD硬质膜，沉积PVD硬质膜，工艺参数为：真空度0.2～6 Pa，样品偏压为‑40～‑180 V，通入氮气，气压为2～6 Pa，温度400～480℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流70～110 A，沉积3.5～6 h，制得PVD硬质膜层。获得膜基结合性好，表面硬度高达3000HV，耐磨性较普通方法得到的提高了5倍的高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及激光金属材料加工领域，尤其涉及一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法。
背景技术
铝合金具有轻质、高强等特点，是重要轻质结构材料，被广泛用于航天航空、高速列车、汽车、船舶和建筑等领域。然而，铝合金零件表面硬度较低、耐磨性能较差，在服役过程中易产生磨损、裂纹、疲劳等，导致零件失效，造成经济损失。因此，有必要提升铝合金零件表面力学性能。物理气相沉积(PVD)硬质涂层具有高的表面硬度、稳定的化学惰性、良好的热稳定性和耐腐蚀性，能有效提升铝合金零件的使用寿命、降低生产成本和保证加工产品的质量。然而，直接在铝合金表面沉积PVD硬质涂层，存在膜基结合性差等问题，此外，在重载作用下，涂层易开裂。因此，需要在铝合金基体与PVD硬质涂层之间引入中间硬化层，改善涂层与基体界面结合行为，并提高承载能力。本发明报道一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，该方法能在保证涂层与基材结合力的情况下，显著提高铝合金表面的硬度、耐磨及耐腐蚀等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干。
步骤二：对铝合金进行镀铬处理，工艺参数如下：电镀中电解液包括200～250 g /L铬酐、2.0～2.5g/L硫酸和3.0～6.0g/L三价铬，电流密度为50～90A/dm2，电镀温度为50～70℃。
步骤三：对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗。
步骤四：将镀铬铝合金试样放入PVD炉内，进行氩离子清洗。
步骤五：打开靶材，通入氮气，沉积PVD硬质膜，工艺参数为：真空度调节为0.2～6Pa，样品偏压为-40～-180 V，通入氮气，气压为2～6 Pa，样品温度控制在400～480℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流70～110 A，沉积3.5～6 h，制得PVD硬质膜层。
步骤六：进行低温时效处理，时效温度175℃，时效时间24h，获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。
在步骤四中，氩离子清洗工艺参数为：当PVD炉腔内真空度为小于5´10-3 Pa时，通入氩气并控制流量在100～300 sccm，气压小于0.3 Pa，样品温度400～550℃，负偏压550V，轰击时间7～12 min；
所述的铝合金，包括2000系、5000系、6000系及7000系铝合金。
本发明通过对镀铬工艺的严格筛选，获得优化的镀铬窗口如下：电镀中电解液包括200～250 g /L铬酐、2.0～2.5g/L硫酸和3.0～6.0g/L三价铬，电流密度为50～90A/dm2，电镀温度为50～70℃；通过对沉积PVD硬质涂层工艺参数的优化，获得优化的PVD工艺参数如下：真空度调节为0.2～6 Pa，样品偏压为-40～-180 V，通入氮气，气压为2～6 Pa，样品温度控制在400～480℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流70～110 A，沉积3.5～6 h。最后，按上述工艺参数及方法进行电镀及表面PVD镀膜，铝合金表面获得电镀层样，并在表面获得高性能PVD硬质涂层，有效提高铝合金表面耐磨耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为采用已有方法所获得的铝合金表面PVD涂层试样；
图2为采用本发明实施例1所获得的铝合金镀铬+PVD涂层强化试样金相图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
以6061铝合金为例。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：对6061铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干；步骤二：对6061铝合金进行镀铬处理，工艺参数如下：电镀中电解液包括230 g /L铬酐、2.3g/L硫酸和4.0g/L三价铬，电流密度为65A/dm2，电镀温度为62℃；步骤三：对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗；步骤四：将镀铬6061铝合金试样放入PVD炉内，进行氩离子清洗；步骤五：打开靶材，通入氮气，沉积PVD硬质膜，工艺参数为：真空度调节为3 Pa，样品偏压为-120 V，通入氮气，气压为4 Pa，样品温度控制在460℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流90 A，沉积4 h，制得PVD硬质膜层；步骤六：进行低温时效处理，时效温度175℃，时效时间24h，获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的6061铝合金零件，膜基结合性好，表面硬度可达3000HV，耐磨性提高约5倍，且试样表现出良好的耐腐蚀性。
图1为采用已有方法所获得的铝合金表面PVD涂层试样压痕形貌。从图中可以看出，加载后铝合金表面PVD涂层压痕周围出现了微裂纹及大量的碎片，这说明直接在铝合金表面沉积PVD硬质涂层，尽管涂层硬度高，但存在膜基结合性差问题。
图2为采用本发明实施例1所获得的铝合金镀铬+PVD涂层强化试样压痕形貌。压痕形状完整，边界清晰，无微观裂纹和碎片产生，说明镀铬层与PVD硬质涂层界面结合良好。上述结果表明镀铬层可以作为良好的过渡层，有效提高基材与PVD涂层的膜基结合能力与承载水平，且表面硬度高达约3000HV，耐磨性提高约5倍。
实施例2
以7075铝合金为例。
一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：对7075铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干；步骤二：对7075铝合金进行镀铬处理，工艺参数如下：电镀中电解液包括235 g /L铬酐、2.4g/L硫酸和5.0g/L三价铬，电流密度为85A/dm2，电镀温度为65℃；步骤三：对7075铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗；步骤四：将镀铬的7075铝合金试样放入PVD炉内，进行氩离子清洗；步骤五：打开靶材，通入氮气，沉积PVD硬质膜，工艺参数为：真空度调节为4.5 Pa，样品偏压为-100 V，通入氮气，气压为3.8 Pa，样品温度控制在450℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流90 A，沉积4.6 h，制得PVD硬质膜层；步骤六：进行低温时效处理，时效温度175℃，时效时间24h，获得膜基结合性好，具有高硬、高耐磨表面的7075铝合金零件，表面硬度可达约3000HV，耐磨性提高约5倍。
Claims (3)
1.一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一：对铝合金表面进行清洁、喷砂及烘干；
步骤二：对铝合金进行镀铬处理，工艺参数如下：电镀中电解液包括200～250 g /L铬酐、2.0～2.5g/L硫酸和3.0～6.0g/L三价铬，电流密度为50～90A/dm2，电镀温度为50～70℃；
步骤三：对铝合金镀铬表面进行喷砂及超声清洗；
步骤四：将镀铬铝合金试样放入PVD炉内，进行氩离子清洗；
步骤五：打开靶材，通入氮气，沉积PVD硬质膜，工艺参数为：真空度调节为0.2～6 Pa，样品偏压为-40～-180 V，通入氮气，气压为2～6 Pa，样品温度控制在400～480℃，靶材为AlCrN靶，靶材电流70～110 A，沉积3.5～6 h，制得PVD硬质膜层；
步骤六：进行低温时效处理，时效温度175℃，时效时间24h，获得具有高硬、高耐磨表面的铝合金零件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，其特征在于：在步骤四中，氩离子清洗工艺参数为：当PVD炉腔内真空度小于5 × 10 -3 Pa时，通入氩气并控制流量在100～300 sccm，气压小于0.3 Pa，样品温度400～550℃，负偏压550V，轰击时间7～12 min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金表面电镀铬与PVD镀膜复合强化方法，其特征在于：所述的铝合金，包括2000系、5000系、6000系及7000系铝合金。
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