CN112544326A - Pecan seeding and seedling raising method - Google Patents

Pecan seeding and seedling raising method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112544326A
CN112544326A CN202011427692.XA CN202011427692A CN112544326A CN 112544326 A CN112544326 A CN 112544326A CN 202011427692 A CN202011427692 A CN 202011427692A CN 112544326 A CN112544326 A CN 112544326A
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China
Prior art keywords
seeds
pecan
seeding
seedling raising
sand
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CN202011427692.XA
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田小琴
冷天凤
李小永
杨小红
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Guizhou Walnut Institute
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Guizhou Walnut Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pecan seeding and seedling raising method, belonging to the technical field of forest cultivation and comprising the following steps: seed collection: selecting fully-ripe fruits with full grains, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp of the harvested fruits, cleaning seeds, and drying in the shade in an indoor ventilation place; softening the fruit shell: soaking the cleaned seeds in an aqueous solution prepared from a shell-breaking softening agent, irradiating for 5-6h by using 280nm ultraviolet rays, cleaning, and drying in the shade for later use; seed soaking: soaking the softened seeds in clear water at 25-30 deg.C for 5-10d, and changing water 1 time every 2 days; sand storage: mixing the soaked seeds with wet sand, piling at a height of 50-90cm, inserting holes every 0.5m in the pile, placing in a room or basement with ventilation and stable temperature, and covering with film and storing in sand for 1 month; sowing; and (5) seedling stage management. Solves the problems of hard seed shell, difficult water absorption and low germination rate in the pecan seeding and seedling raising process, and achieves the purpose of protecting the pecan.

Description

Pecan seeding and seedling raising method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, in particular to a pecan seeding and seedling raising method.
Background
The juglans regia (Dode) Leroy) is a single-species plant of juglandaceae, a third ancient tropical wiggery plant, a deciduous tree and a national secondary protection plant, has a narrow distribution area, is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, is grown in a valley broad-leaved forest with the altitude of 200-1800m, and is also distributed in the northern part of Vietnam.
The pecan wood is light brown, has light color on the surface, fine and beautiful patterns, uniform integral structure and excellent wood material, the pecan seeds can extract oil, tannin can be extracted from barks and outer fruits, and the shells are used for preparing active carbon, so the pecan has higher economic value and use value. The pecan pecans are usually propagated by adopting seeds, and when the fruits are ripe, the epicarp automatically cracks and then seeds are collected and sown, but because the pecan pericarp is hard and difficult to crack, the pecan pericarp is not easy to absorb water and germinate, so that the germination rate is low. The pecan kernels do not sprout and are eaten by animals, so that seedlings which germinate in the field automatically are few, the habitat condition of the pecan kernels gradually worsen along with the damage of a green broad-leaved forest, propagation and updating are greatly influenced, the pecan kernels become gradually dangerous plants with the population quantity being reduced sharply, the protection of the pecan kernels has important significance in scientific research and species preservation, and in order to protect the sustainable development of the pecan species, an artificial seeding and seedling method of the pecan kernels is urgently needed at present to improve the current survival state of the pecan kernels.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a pecan seeding and seedling raising method, which solves the problems of hard seed shell, difficult water absorption and low germination rate in pecan seeding and seedling raising so as to achieve the purpose of pecan protection.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a pecan seeding and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
seed collection: selecting fully-ripe fruits with full grains, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp of the harvested fruits, cleaning seeds, and drying in the shade in an indoor ventilation place;
softening the fruit shell: soaking the cleaned seeds in an aqueous solution prepared from a shell-breaking softening agent, irradiating for 5-6h by using 280nm ultraviolet rays, cleaning, and drying in the shade for later use; the germ is easier to break the shell after the shell of the pecan is softened, and the germination rate is improved.
Seed soaking: drying the softened seeds in the shade, soaking the seeds in clear water at 25-30 deg.C for 5-10d, and changing water 1 time every 2 days;
sand storage: mixing the soaked seeds with wet sand, piling at a height of 50-90cm, inserting holes every 0.5m in the pile, placing in a room or basement with ventilation and stable temperature, and covering with film and storing in sand for 1 month; sowing: sowing seeds by dibbling when the seeds after sand storage begin to crack, covering soil and covering a film after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-8 cm;
seedling stage management: checking when the pecan sprouts out of the ground, supplementing the seedlings in time, fertilizing, irrigating, weeding and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests after the seedlings are well grown, and transplanting when the diameter of the seedlings is 0.4-0.6cm, the height is 25-30cm, the crown width is 10-12cm and the diameter is 0.7-0.9 cm.
Further, the sand storage step comprises the following specific operations: sprinkling water on the ground, spreading a layer of wet sand with the width of 1-2m and the thickness of 12-15cm, stacking the seeds and the wet sand on the ground wet sand according to the volume ratio of 1:4, and storing the seeds and the wet sand in sand at room temperature for 1 month.
Further, the soil is disinfected by quicklime before sowing, and the dosage of the quicklime is 6-7g/m2. Sterilizing the land to prevent pests or germs from eroding the seedling buds.
Further, the mass ratio of the hull-breaking softener to the seeds used in the invention is 0.2: 1.
After the step of softening the shells is carried out, the germs can more easily break the shells and absorb water, the sand storage time is shortened, the pecan sprouts faster, the pecan species can be expanded favorably, and the sustainable development of the pecan species can be realized.
Further, the shell-breaking softener comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide, 200 parts of 0.1-0.2 wt% sodium hydroxide solution and 3-5 parts of nano titanium dioxide.
Further, the preparation process of the shell-breaking softener comprises the following steps:
mixing dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydroxide solution, stirring, adding nanometer titanium dioxide, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a shell-breaking softener, and storing in shade at 10-12 deg.C.
Further, the shell softening step also comprises enzyme treatment before starting, and the specific operation of the enzyme treatment is as follows:
adding laccase into distilled water, stirring, adding acetic acid to adjust pH to acidity to obtain enzyme solution, adding dried seeds in the shade, soaking at 25-28 deg.C and relative humidity of 60-80% for 2-3d, adding soybean flour, stirring, soaking for 3-4d, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade.
Further, in the enzyme treatment step, the pH is adjusted to 5.0 to 5.5.
Further, the dosage of the laccase is 0.2-0.3g/L, and the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the seeds is (0.2-0.3) g: 1 kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the shell breaking and softening steps are added, so that shells of pecans can be softened, germs can absorb water more easily to break the shells, sand storage time of about 2 months is shortened, and breeding efficiency is improved.
2. The sowing and seedling raising method adopted by the invention has higher germination rate, and the germination rate is more than 80%.
3. The survival rate of the seedlings after germination by adopting the seeding and seedling raising method is higher than 90 percent, and the seeding survival rate of the pecan is obviously improved.
4. Solves the problem of difficult breeding of the pecan, and maintains the sustainable development of the pecan species for protecting the pecan species.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
example 1:
before breeding, firstly preparing a shell breaking softener, and preparing raw materials of 10g of dimethyl sulfoxide, 200g of 0.2 wt% sodium hydroxide solution and 3g of nano titanium dioxide, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide is about 200 nanometers. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydroxide solution, stirring, adding nanometer titanium dioxide, ultrasonic dispersing for 10min until nanometer titanium dioxide is uniformly distributed in solvent to obtain shell-breaking softener, and storing in shade at 10 deg.C.
The pecan peck seeding and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
seed collection: selecting full-grain, fully-ripe and insect-free pecan fruits, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp from the harvested fruits, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in an indoor ventilation place, drying in the shade, and selecting 120 full and insect-free seeds of about 1 kg;
softening the fruit shell: soaking the cleaned seeds in clear water, just submerging the seeds in the clear water, adding 0.02kg of shell-breaking softener prepared according to the method, uniformly mixing, irradiating by using 280nm ultraviolet rays at room temperature for 5 hours, cleaning, and drying in the shade for later use;
seed soaking: soaking the seeds in clear water at 25 + -3 deg.C for 8 days, wherein the clear water is 50cm higher than the seeds, and changing water 1 time every 2 days;
sand storage: sprinkling water on the ground, paving a layer of wet sand with the width of about 1.5m and the thickness of 13cm, uniformly mixing the soaked seeds and the wet sand according to the mixing volume ratio of 1:4, then piling the mixture on the wet sand on the ground, stacking the mixture at the height of 60cm, inserting holes in the pile every 0.5m, placing the pile in a room or a basement, and storing the pile in sand for 1 month after film covering; wherein the water content of the wet sand is about 50 percent, namely the sand is held into a ball by a hand, water cannot flow out, and the sand ball has cracks after the hand is loosened and can be scattered after being touched;
sowing: selecting a 10 × 10m land block for seeding and seedling raising, sterilizing soil with quicklime before seeding, mixing quicklime and soil uniformly, wherein the usage amount of quicklime is 6g/m2Sowing seeds in a dibble manner when the seeds stored in the sand start to be split, enabling a seed suture line to be vertical to the ground, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, enabling the thickness of the covering soil to be 5-8cm, finally covering films, and removing the films when the seeds germinate tidily;
seedling stage management: checking after the pecan sprouts out of the ground, counting the germination rate, simultaneously supplementing seedlings in time, fertilizing, irrigating, weeding and preventing and controlling diseases and pests after the seedlings are well-proportioned, and transplanting when the diameter of the seedlings is 0.4-0.6cm, the height is 25-30cm, the crown width is 10-12cm and the diameter is 0.7-0.9 cm.
Example 2:
before breeding, a shell breaking softener is prepared, and raw materials of 20g of dimethyl sulfoxide, 250g of 0.1 wt% sodium hydroxide solution and 5g of nano titanium dioxide are prepared, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide is about 200 nanometers. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
The procedure of seeding and raising seedlings of pecan pecans is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3:
the crust breaking softener was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
The pecan peck seeding and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
seed collection: selecting full-grain, fully-ripe and insect-free pecan fruits, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp from the harvested fruits, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in an indoor ventilation place, drying in the shade, and selecting 120 full and insect-free seeds of 1 kg;
enzyme treatment: adding 0.6g of laccase into 3L of distilled water, stirring uniformly, adding acetic acid to adjust the pH to be about 5.0 to prepare an enzyme solution, then adding the seeds dried in the shade, soaking for 3 days in an environment with the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60-80%, adding 0.2g of soybean powder, stirring uniformly, continuing to soak for 4 days, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade for later use;
the remaining steps of softening the fruit shell, soaking the seeds, storing in sand, sowing and managing in the seedling stage are the same as the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1:
the pecan peck seeding and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
seed collection: selecting full-grain, fully-ripe and insect-free pecan fruits, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp from the harvested fruits, cleaning the seeds, placing the seeds in an indoor ventilation place, drying in the shade, and selecting 120 full and insect-free seeds of 1 kg;
seed soaking: soaking the seeds in clear water at 25 + -3 deg.C for 8 days, wherein the clear water is 50cm higher than the seeds, and changing water 1 time every 2 days;
sand storage: sprinkling water on the ground, paving a layer of wet sand with the width of about 1.5m and the thickness of 13cm, uniformly mixing the seed soaked with the wet sand according to the mixing volume ratio of 1:4, then piling the mixture on the ground wet sand with the pile height of 60cm, inserting holes in the pile every 0.5m, placing the pile in a room or a basement with ventilation and stable temperature, and covering a film at room temperature and storing the pile in sand for 1 month;
sowing: selecting a 10 × 10m land block for seeding and seedling raising, sterilizing soil with quicklime before seeding, mixing quicklime and soil uniformly, wherein the usage amount of quicklime is 6g/m2Sowing seeds in a dibble manner when the seeds stored in the sand start to be split, enabling a seed suture line to be vertical to the ground, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, enabling the thickness of the covering soil to be 5-8cm, finally covering films, and removing the films when the seeds germinate tidily;
seedling stage management: checking after the pecan sprouts out of the ground, counting the germination rate, simultaneously supplementing seedlings in time, fertilizing, irrigating, weeding and preventing and controlling diseases and pests after the seedlings are well-proportioned, and transplanting when the diameter of the seedlings is 0.4-0.6cm, the height is 25-30cm, the crown width is 10-12cm and the diameter is 0.7-0.9 cm.
Comparative example 2:
the sand storage time for sowing and raising seedlings of the pecan is changed to 3 months, and the rest steps are the same as the comparative example 1.
Examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 were carried out simultaneously, and the test sites were located in the test forest farms of the Guizhou province, forest academy of sciences from 10 months 2018 to 10 years 2019, and had almost the same soil conditions and rainfall conditions, and had not been cultivated in the first three years.
The germination rates of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were counted, and the obtained data are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Seed (granule) 120 120 120 120 120
Germination (granule) 97 98 106 40 72
Percentage of germination (%) 80.83 81.67 88.33 33.33 60.00
Survival rate (%) 92.1 91.24 93.35 72.15 84.51
And (3) data analysis:
1. the germination rates of example 1 and example 2 were 80.83% and 81.67%, respectively, and the germination rates were significantly improved as compared with the germination rates of comparative example 1, 33.33% and comparative example 2, 60%, respectively, which indicates that the use of the amount of the hull-breaking softening agent can improve the germination rate.
2. The sand storage time of example 1 and example 2 and comparative example 1 is 1 month, and the sand storage time of comparative example 2 is 3 months. The germination rate of the comparative example 2 is obviously higher than that of the comparative example 1, which shows that the sand storage time is increased and the germination of the pecan is facilitated, but under the condition that the shell breaking softening agent is adopted, the germination rates of the examples 1 and 2 are higher than those of the comparative examples 1 and 2, which shows that the shell breaking softening agent can shorten the sand storage time and is beneficial to shortening the seeding and seedling raising period.
3. The germination rate of the pecan seeds is 80.83% in example 1, the germination rate of the pecan seeds is 88.33% in example 3, and the enzyme treatment step is added in example 3 compared with example 1, so that the germination rate of the pecan seeds can be further improved due to the synergistic effect of the enzyme treatment step and the nut shell softening step.
4. The survival rate after germination of the embodiments 1-3 is obviously higher than that of the comparative examples 1 and 2, which shows that the seedling survival rate can be improved by the sowing and seedling raising method adopted by the invention.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.

Claims (9)

1. A pecan seeding and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed collection: selecting fully-ripe fruits with full grains, harvesting when the epicarp cracks or is about to crack, removing the epicarp of the harvested fruits, cleaning seeds, and drying in the shade in an indoor ventilation place;
softening the fruit shell: soaking the cleaned seeds in an aqueous solution prepared from a shell-breaking softening agent, irradiating for 5-6h by using 280nm ultraviolet rays, cleaning, and drying in the shade for later use;
seed soaking: soaking the softened seeds in clear water at 25-30 deg.C for 5-10d, and changing water 1 time every 2 days;
sand storage: mixing the soaked seeds with wet sand, piling at a height of 50-90cm, inserting holes every 0.5m in the pile, placing in a room or basement with ventilation and stable temperature, and covering with film and storing in sand for 1 month;
sowing: sowing seeds by dibbling when the seeds after sand storage start to be cracked, covering soil and covering a film after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-8 cm;
seedling stage management: checking when the pecan sprouts out of the ground, supplementing the seedlings in time, fertilizing, irrigating, weeding and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests after the seedlings are well grown, and transplanting when the diameter of the seedlings is 0.4-0.6cm, the height is 25-30cm, the crown width is 10-12cm and the diameter is 0.7-0.9 cm.
2. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the sand storage step comprises the following specific operations: sprinkling water on the ground, spreading a layer of wet sand with the width of 1-2m and the thickness of 12-15cm, stacking the seeds and the wet sand on the ground wet sand according to the volume ratio of 1:4, and storing the seeds and the wet sand in sand at room temperature for 1 month.
3. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 2, wherein quicklime is used for disinfecting soil before seeding, and the usage amount of the quicklime is 6-7g/m2
4. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the shell breaking softener to the seeds is 0.2: 1.
5. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 4, wherein the shell breaking softener comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide, 200 parts of 0.1-0.2 wt% sodium hydroxide solution and 3-5 parts of nano titanium dioxide.
6. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 5, wherein the shell breaking softener is prepared by the following steps:
mixing dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium hydroxide solution, stirring, adding nanometer titanium dioxide, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a shell-breaking softener, and storing in shade at 10-12 deg.C.
7. A pecan sowing and seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the shell softening step further comprises an enzyme treatment before the beginning, and the enzyme treatment is specifically performed as follows:
adding laccase into distilled water, stirring, adding acetic acid to adjust pH to acidity to obtain enzyme solution, adding dried seeds in the shade, soaking at 25-28 deg.C and relative humidity of 60-80% for 2-3d, adding soybean flour, stirring, soaking for 3-4d, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade.
8. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 7, wherein in the enzyme treatment step, the pH is adjusted to 5.0-5.5.
9. The pecan seeding and seedling raising method according to claim 8, wherein the laccase is used in an amount of 0.2-0.3g/L, and the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the seeds is (0.2-0.3) g: 1 kg.
CN202011427692.XA 2020-12-07 2020-12-07 Pecan seeding and seedling raising method Pending CN112544326A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113141809A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-23 湖南省森林植物园 Pecan seed preservation and seedling raising method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103703889A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-09 山东农业大学 Chinese walnut sowing and seedling-culture method
CN105794568A (en) * 2016-03-19 2016-07-27 周旭昌 Manchurian walnut seedling culture method
CN106508168A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-22 紫云自治县鑫源运和果蔬种植农民专业合作社 Walnut seedling raising method
CN107231971A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-10-10 兴义市奉林种植农民专业合作社 A kind of Kiwi berry nursery implantation methods

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103703889A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-09 山东农业大学 Chinese walnut sowing and seedling-culture method
CN105794568A (en) * 2016-03-19 2016-07-27 周旭昌 Manchurian walnut seedling culture method
CN106508168A (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-22 紫云自治县鑫源运和果蔬种植农民专业合作社 Walnut seedling raising method
CN107231971A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-10-10 兴义市奉林种植农民专业合作社 A kind of Kiwi berry nursery implantation methods

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113141809A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-23 湖南省森林植物园 Pecan seed preservation and seedling raising method
CN113141809B (en) * 2021-04-13 2022-06-07 湖南省森林植物园 Pecan seed preservation and seedling raising method

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