CN112522165A - 一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其采用如下方法制得:将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,得到乳酸菌液体发酵液,即为所需产品液体乳酸菌;其中,发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:0.5~10%葡萄糖,0.1~10%麦芽糊精、0.1~10%蛋白胨、0.5~20%玉米浆、0.01~5%无水乙酸钠、0.001~1%硫酸镁、0.0001~1%硫酸锰、0.01~10%吐温‑80;该发酵培养基pH为6.0±2,115℃灭菌30min。该发明通过对屎肠球菌液体发酵的培养基成分以及发酵条件的优化,使其屎肠球菌液体发酵液中的代谢产物成分更有利于改善鲈鱼的生长环境和减少鲈鱼的致病死亡率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物菌剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌及其应用。
背景技术
屎肠球菌是一种益生菌,对维持动物肠道菌群生态平衡起到重要作用,特别是在幼龄动物的肠道保健和疾病的防疫和治疗上有突出的表现它能抑制这些菌氨的产生,降低培养基的pH。其原因是,屎肠球菌与氨产生相关的尿酶、氨基酸脱氨酶的种类少,酶活性亦低,而与NH4 +同化相关的谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸合酶、谷酰氨合成酶的活性要高得多。
发酵的代谢产物主要有有机酸类、细菌素类、乙醛等芳香物质、胞外多糖、γ-氨基丁酸等。有机酸类主要有乳酸、乙酸,及少量的甲酸、丙酸等,具有抗菌防腐的作用,还能调节环境pH值;细菌素又称乳酸菌素,具有固定抗菌谱,对病原菌和腐败菌具有很强的抑制能力,抑制病原菌的生长;乙醛等芳香物质给乳酸菌发酵食品带来独特的发酵风味;胞外多糖作为生命物质的重要组成部分,广泛参与细胞的各种生命现象及生理过程的调节;γ-氨基丁酸是神经系统中重要的抑制性神经递质,具有改善脑机能,调节情绪抗焦虑。
随着人们对水产品安全和品质的要求不断提高,以及水产养殖疾病问题日益突出,益生菌成了可以替代抗生素及化学药品,防止水产动物病害的最佳选择,所以筛选出适用于相应水产动物养殖的优质益生菌是当前急需解决的问题。而本发明研制一种液体乳酸菌,用于防治鲈鱼养殖过程中的烂尾、肠炎等疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种液体乳酸菌,以实现改善鲈鱼生长环境,减少鲈鱼致病死亡率的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其采用如下方法制得:将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,得到乳酸菌液体发酵液,即为所需产品液体乳酸菌;其中,发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:0.5~10%葡萄糖,0.1~10%麦芽糊精、0.1~10%蛋白胨、0.5~20%玉米浆、0.01~5%无水乙酸钠、0.001~1%硫酸镁、0.0001~1%硫酸锰、0.01~10%吐温-80;该发酵培养基pH为6.0±2,115℃灭菌30min。
进一步的,所述发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:2%葡萄糖,0.5%麦芽糊精、0.5%蛋白胨、4%玉米浆、0.1%无水乙酸钠、0.01%硫酸镁、0.005%硫酸锰、0.1%吐温-80;该发酵培养基pH为 7.0±0.1, 115℃灭菌30min。
进一步的,所述发酵培养的条件为:转速0~600rpm,风量0~3m3/h,发酵时间8~48h。
进一步的,所述发酵培养的条件为:转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵时间12h。
进一步的,所述发酵培养后得到的乳酸菌液体发酵液的pH为1.5~3.0。
另外,本发明还提供了上述液体乳酸菌的应用,即:在鲈鱼养殖过程中,投喂饲料前,向其养殖鱼塘中添加上述液体乳酸菌。
进一步的,所述液体乳酸菌的添加量为:每亩鱼塘中,添加0.5~10L所述的液体乳酸菌,且每三天添加一次。
在本发明中,乳酸菌液体发酵液中有机酸细菌素类、乙醛等芳香物质、胞外多糖、γ-氨基丁酸等均为对鲈鱼生长有利成分,且有抑制其致病菌的作用,明显改善鲈鱼生长环境,降低致病率;而且屎肠球菌作为乳酸菌的一种,也是常用的微生态益生菌制剂,可快速黏附肠道黏膜,通过排阻效应抑制病原菌黏附肠道,形成肠道屏障、保护肠道健康、维持微生态平衡。另外,屎肠球菌进入肠道后,能利用肠道中有机成分,在代谢过程中产生乳酸、细菌素和过氧化氢等物质,可以降低肠道pH值、抑制动物病原菌繁殖、维持和调整肠道微生态平衡、减少肠道内毒素与尿素酶的含量、减少血液中毒素和氨的含量、促进动物器官成熟、改善动物生理状态;同时,屎肠球菌进入肠道后,能利用肠道中有机成分,在代谢过程中还可产生多种营养物质(维生素、氨基酸、促生长因子等),营养物质可参与新陈代谢、促进动物生长,诱导机体产生细胞因子、干扰素、白细胞介素等。可增强机体非特异性免疫、提高抗病能力、降低炎症反应、促进肠道健康。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的这种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌中通过对屎肠球菌液体发酵的培养基成分以及发酵条件的优化,使其屎肠球菌液体发酵液中的代谢产物成分更有利于改善鲈鱼的生长环境和减少鲈鱼的致病死亡率。
(2)本发明直接使用发酵所得液体乳酸菌,较传统微生态试剂生产方式,无需离心菌液分离、干燥制粉(颗粒),省去后处理环节,有利于生产成本的控制,且减轻因后处理过程产生的环境压力,同时可使其发酵上清液得到最大化利用。
(3)本发明中由于屎肠球菌的代谢产物中含有大量有机酸,且产品液体乳酸菌的pH在1.5~3.0,无需额外添加防腐剂等,节约成本。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其采用如下方法制得:将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,得到乳酸菌液体发酵液,即为所需产品液体乳酸菌;其中,发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:0.5~10%葡萄糖,0.1~10%麦芽糊精、0.1~10%蛋白胨、0.5~20%玉米浆、0.01~5%无水乙酸钠、0.001~1%硫酸镁、0.0001~1%硫酸锰、0.01~10%吐温-80;该发酵培养基pH为6.0±2,115℃灭菌30min。其发酵培养的条件为:转速0~600rpm,风量0~3m3/h,发酵时间8~48h。
所述发酵培养后得到的乳酸菌液体发酵液的pH为1.5~3.0。
通过对屎肠球菌液体发酵的培养基成分以及发酵条件的优化,利用屎肠球菌液体发酵产生的次级代谢产物及其菌体本身,来抑制动物病原菌繁殖、维持和调整肠道微生态平衡、减少肠道内毒素与尿素酶的含量、减少血液中毒素和氨的含量、促进动物器官成熟、改善动物生理状态,将此屎肠球菌液体发酵的乳酸菌发酵液用于鲈鱼养殖,可有效降低鲈鱼的致病率。
下面通过具体实施例说明本发明的液体乳酸菌对鲈鱼养殖效果的影响。
实施例1:
在鲈鱼养殖户A处开展实验,分成三个试验组在同等养殖条件下进行试验,分别为试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,其中,试验1组为正常喂养,不添加乳酸菌发酵液,试验2组为在投喂饲料前,添加常规发酵培养基MRS发酵培养屎肠球菌的发酵液;试验3组为在投喂饲料前,添加本发明制得的液体乳酸菌。每个试验组中每亩鱼塘中鱼量大概为700尾左右,鱼塘面积为5亩,共3500尾左右,且其鲈鱼开始试验的养殖情况:鱼肚发黄,大量死鱼,一天大概八十多尾。
具体的,本实施例中试验3组用到的液体乳酸菌采用如下过程制得:准确称量一份本发明发酵培养基,具体配方:300g葡萄糖,75g麦芽糊精、75g蛋白胨、600玉米浆、15g无水乙酸钠、1.5g硫酸镁、0.75g硫酸锰、15mL吐温-80;定容15L,灭菌消毒前调pH 7.0±0.1,115℃灭菌30min。将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至此发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,液体发酵过程中调控转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵12小时后得乳酸菌液体发酵液,直接分装送于养殖户A使用。
本实施例中试验2组用到的常规发酵培养基MRS发酵培养屎肠球菌的发酵液采用如下过程制得:准确称量一份常规发酵培养基MRS,具体配方:150g蛋白胨、150g牛肉浸粉、75g酵母浸粉、300g葡萄糖、30g磷酸氢二钾、30g柠檬酸氢二铵、1.5g硫酸镁、0.75g硫酸锰、15ml吐温-80和75g乙酸钠,定容15L,灭菌消毒前调pH 7.0±0.1, 115℃灭菌30min。将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至此发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,液体发酵过程中调控转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵12小时后得乳酸菌液体发酵液,直接分装送于养殖户A使用。
在正常喂养情况下,投喂饲料前,试验2组和试验3组分别使用上述制得的液体乳酸菌产品,其添加量为:每亩鱼塘中,添加2L乳酸菌液体发酵液,每三天使用一次。
对三个试验组鱼塘中鲈鱼养殖情况进行观察,其结果显示:试验组1鱼塘中死鱼情况依旧严峻,平均每天约82尾;试验组2鱼塘中死鱼情况大约平均每天53尾;试验组3鱼塘中死鱼情况大约平均每天8尾,且使用两次液体乳酸菌产品后,鲈鱼鱼肚发黄的情况明显改善。
实施例2:
在鲈鱼养殖户B处开展实验,分成三个试验组在同等养殖条件下进行试验,分别为试验1组、试验2组和试验3组,其中,试验1组为正常喂养,不添加乳酸菌发酵液,试验2组为在投喂饲料前,添加常规发酵培养基MRS发酵培养屎肠球菌的发酵液;试验3组为在投喂饲料前,添加本发明制得的液体乳酸菌。每个试验组中每亩鱼塘中鱼量大概为800尾左右,鱼塘面积为6亩,共5000尾左右,且其鲈鱼开始试验的养殖情况:鱼肚发黄,少量鱼肚上有白斑和烂尾情况,开始出现死鱼情况,一天大约92尾。
具体的,本实施例中试验3组用到的液体乳酸菌采用如下过程制得:准确称量一份本发明发酵培养基,具体配方:300g葡萄糖,75g麦芽糊精、75g蛋白胨、600玉米浆、15g无水乙酸钠、1.5g硫酸镁、0.75g硫酸锰、15mL吐温-80;定容15L,灭菌消毒前调pH 7.0±0.1,115℃灭菌30min。将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至此发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,液体发酵过程中调控转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵12小时后得乳酸菌液体发酵液,直接分装送于养殖户B使用。
本实施例中试验2组用到的常规发酵培养基MRS发酵培养屎肠球菌的发酵液采用如下过程制得:准确称量一份常规发酵培养基MRS,具体配方:150g蛋白胨、150g牛肉浸粉、75g酵母浸粉、300g葡萄糖、30g磷酸氢二钾、30g柠檬酸氢二铵、1.5g硫酸镁、0.75g硫酸锰、15ml吐温-80和75g乙酸钠,定容15L,灭菌消毒前调pH 7.0±0.1, 115℃灭菌30min。将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至此发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,液体发酵过程中调控转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵12小时后得乳酸菌液体发酵液,直接分装送于养殖户B使用。
投喂饲料前,试验2组和试验3组分别使用上述制得的液体乳酸菌产品,其添加量为:每亩鱼塘中,添加2L乳酸菌液体发酵液,每三天使用一次。
对三个试验组鱼塘中鲈鱼养殖情况进行观察,其结果显示:试验组1鱼塘中死鱼情况依旧严峻,平均每天约八十多尾;试验组2鱼塘中死鱼情况大约平均每天63尾;试验组3鱼塘中死鱼情况大约平均每天7尾,且在使用一次乳酸菌液体发酵液后,第二次使用前鲈鱼发病情况有所改善,鱼肚发黄颜色有所变浅,使用两次后,鱼肚发黄,少量鱼肚上有白斑和烂尾情况均出现明显改善。
以上例举仅仅是对本发明的举例说明,并不构成对本发明的保护范围的限制,凡是与本发明相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其特征在于,其采用如下方法制得:将屎肠球菌的菌液接种至发酵培养基上进行液体发酵培养,得到乳酸菌液体发酵液,即为所需产品液体乳酸菌;其中,发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:0.5~10%葡萄糖,0.1~10%麦芽糊精、0.1~10%蛋白胨、0.5~20%玉米浆、0.01~5%无水乙酸钠、0.001~1%硫酸镁、0.0001~1%硫酸锰、0.01~10%吐温-80;该发酵培养基pH为6.0±2,115℃灭菌30min。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其特征在于,所述发酵培养基包括按质量百分比计的如下组分:2%葡萄糖,0.5%麦芽糊精、0.5%蛋白胨、4%玉米浆、0.1%无水乙酸钠、0.01%硫酸镁、0.005%硫酸锰、0.1%吐温-80;该发酵培养基pH为7.0±0.1,115℃灭菌30min。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其特征在于,所述发酵培养的条件为:转速0~600rpm,风量0~3m3/h,发酵时间8~48h。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其特征在于,所述发酵培养的条件为:转速200rpm,风量1.5m3/h,发酵时间12h。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种用于降低鲈鱼致病率的液体乳酸菌,其特征在于,所述发酵培养后得到的乳酸菌液体发酵液的pH为1.5~3.0。
6.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的液体乳酸菌的应用,其特征在于,在鲈鱼养殖过程中,投喂饲料前,向其养殖鱼塘中添加权利要求1~5任一项所述的液体乳酸菌。
7.如权利要求6所述的液体乳酸菌的应用,其特征在于,所述液体乳酸菌的添加量为:每亩鱼塘中,添加0.5~10L所述的液体乳酸菌,且每三天添加一次。
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