CN112470843B - Cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock - Google Patents
Cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating spring sowing yellow skin burdock, which comprises the steps of selecting the middle ten days of 3 months, applying 80 kg of ammonium bicarbonate particles, 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 80 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 116 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to each mu of harvested previous crops, uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil, deeply turning over for 30-35 cm, sunning for 5-7 days, keeping the row spacing at 85 cm, enabling the diameter of a rotary head of a ditcher to be 7-9 cm, enabling the depth of a ditch to be 90 cm, sunning burdock seeds for 4-5 hours in the sun, and soaking for 48 hours by warm water at 25 ℃, and achieving the effects: the burdock harvest period is from 9 to 10, the skin of fleshy root is yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of root vegetables, in particular to a cultivation method of burdock.
Background
Burdock can be planted in spring, summer, autumn and winter, burdock can be planted all the year round, Xuzhou Tianma Jingan food limited company 2013.05.24 discloses a cultivation method for burdock planted in summer, application No. 201310197593.0, burdock can be harvested in 11 th day of the year generally planted in the first 6 th day, and high-quality products per mu are more than 1500 kg. Xuzhou Tianma Jingan food Limited 2017.05.09 discloses a cultivation method of burdock in facility, application No. 2017103200732, which is characterized in that seeding is carried out in the middle ten days of 8 months, chlormequat chloride is sprayed in the lower ten days of 10 months to control the growth of new leaves, a plastic greenhouse is inserted in the lower ten days of 11 months, the temperature and the ground temperature in the greenhouse are increased, the growth time of the burdock is prolonged, the leaves of the burdock in winter are protected, foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the upper ten days of 12 months to ensure that the burdock can slowly grow in winter, the diameter of the fleshy root of the burdock in the next 2 to 3 months can reach more than 2.5 centimeters, the length of the burdock is more than 70 centimeters, the Xuzhou Tianma Jingan food Limited 2018 years, 4 months and 15 days per mu disclose a cultivation method of burdock in winter, application No. 201810334717.8, and is characterized in that the burdock seeds are sowed in dry months in Yuanma months, covered by bicolor mulch, the growth period is 8 months, the burdock seeds are put on the market in the middle 9 to 10 months, the yield is 2000 to 2500 kilograms, and the qualified product rate is 95 percent, 10% of S level, 25% of 2M level, 35% of M level, 25% of L level and less than 5% of 2L level. The yield of the spring sowing burdock for reasons of easy seedling death, bolting, ditch collapse and the like is generally 1500-1800 kilograms, the defective product is 15-20 percent, the economic benefit is poor, the enthusiasm of people for planting is not high, theoretically, the yield of the spring sowing burdock is the highest, the growth time of the burdock is longer because the effective accumulated temperature is long in the growth period, the sunlight is sufficient, the rainwater is abundant, and the burdock is easy to grow, however, the yield of the spring sowing burdock is not high due to the fact that the spring sowing burdock is easy to bolt, and is easy to fall into the ditch due to serious pest and disease damage and large rainwater in comparison with the spring sowing burdock, and the soil pests and mice can also make the burdock ditch easy to enter the water and fall into the ditch due to the activity of the soil pests and mice; the burdock is divided into yellow-peel burdock, brown-peel burdock and a small amount of white-peel burdock according to the color of the fleshy root, such as a geographical sign registration product 'Peizhou yellow-peel burdock AGI 2020-02-3118' of Chinese agricultural products, and is a variety bred by Xuzhou Tianma Jingan food Co., Ltd in 2003, the fleshy root of the burdock is inherent yellow and does not change along with the change of a cultivation mode, such as 'xanthium burdocks AGI 00275' and also has yellow color, but the skin color of the fleshy root can change along with the cultivation mode, the change is regular through years of experimental observation, and except 'Peizhou yellow-peel burdock', the skin color of 90 percent of the fleshy root of the burdock in China changes along with the change of the cultivation environment; according to the method, yellow-skinned burdock with golden-yellow burdock root epidermis is successfully cultivated by changing the cultivation mode of Fengxian burdock by changing the PH value of soil and adjusting the temperature, humidity and fertilizer and water management of soil on the surface layer of the burdock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-skinned burdock, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a field block with the soil pH value of 5.8-6.8 in the first and middle ten days of 3 months, and after the previous crops are harvested, when the soil pH value is less than 5.8, the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 125 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.8, the fertilizer is prepared in each mu as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 125 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 25 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 6.2; the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 105 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 6.5, the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kilograms of borax potassium borate, 45 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of selenium fertilizer, 65 kilograms of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 65 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.4 kilogram of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is more than 6.8, the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 15-45 kg of dipotassium phosphate, 65-115 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and sunning for 5-7 days; according to the biological characteristics of the burdock, the pH value range suitable for growth is wide, the pH value change range of soil in a certain region is not large, the color change of the fleshy root of the burdock is not large, however, the color of the fleshy root of the burdock can be changed when the pH value of the soil is changed, and the color of the fleshy root of the burdock is yellow when the pH value of experimental soil is slightly acidic (5.8-6.8); when the pH value is less than 5.8, the pH value is adjusted to be more than 5.8 by using weak base salt dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, when the pH value is more than 6.8, the pH value is adjusted to be less than 6.8 by using weak acid salt potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can form a buffer solution to control the pH value of the soil to be between 5.8 and 6.8;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, opening a ditch with a burdock machine, enabling the diameter of a rotary head to be 13 cm, enabling the depth of the ditch to be 90 cm, applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil to the ground surface of the ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate added into the base fertilizer is deeply turned over in the soil, so that a certain concentration of ammonium bicarbonate in the soil can be maintained within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses when moving underground;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line-row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil ridge, cutting a road opening in the middle of the mulching film, and laying a layer of thin soil on the mulching film for germination and seedling emergence in the later period, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock is important to protect the seedling, the burdock seedlings can grow evenly after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow to begin thinning, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; drip irrigation once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon in sunny days, drawing a sulcus between two burdock furrows, applying fertilizer in the sulcus, filling and compacting the sulcus after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a foliar fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effect is as follows: the burdock harvest period is from 9 to 10, the skin of fleshy root is yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Detailed Description
Description example 1: a cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) in last ten days of 3 months, the fertilizer application formula per mu when the pH value of the soil is less than 5.8 is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 0.4 kg of phoxim, 667 square meters per mu, 1 square meter of soil area and 30 cm of soil depth, adjusting the pH of the soil to be more than 5.8 by using 100 to 190 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, firstly determining the dosage of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate per square, then determining the dosage per mu, deeply turning for 30 to 35 cm, and solarizing the soil for 5 to 7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch every 43 m according to the terrain, ditching and rotating a head with the diameter of 13 cm by using a burdock machine, and applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spreading 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil on the ground surface of a ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate is added into the base fertilizer, the soil can keep a certain concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate in the soil within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving-away effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses due to underground movement;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line-row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil ridge, cutting a road opening in the middle of the mulching film, and laying a layer of thin soil on the mulching film for germination and seedling emergence in the later period, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock seedlings are very important to be kept, the burdock seedlings can be sown evenly for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first watering of fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; dropping into the tube once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the leaf fertilizer is prepared from water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effect is as follows: in the harvesting period of burdock from 9-10, the fleshy root and the skin are yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the defective rate of burdock is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Example 2 a method for cultivating spring sowing yellow-skinned burdock, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and 3, 3 months and 2 to 8 days, when the pH value of the soil is 5.8, the fertilizer for each mu is prepared as follows: 1.2 kilograms of borax sodium borate, 45 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of selenium fertilizer, 125 kilograms of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 25 kilograms of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kilogram of phoxim, deeply ploughing for 30-35 centimeters, and drying soil for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, opening a ditch with a burdock machine, enabling the diameter of a rotary head to be 13 cm, enabling the depth of the ditch to be 90 cm, applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil to the ground surface of the ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate added into the base fertilizer is deeply turned over in the soil, so that a certain concentration of ammonium bicarbonate in the soil can be maintained within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses when moving underground;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line-row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil ridge, cutting a road opening in the middle of the mulching film, and laying a layer of thin soil on the mulching film for germination and seedling emergence in the later period, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock is important to protect the seedling, the burdock seedlings can grow evenly after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow to begin thinning, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first watering of fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; dropping into the tube once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the leaf fertilizer is prepared from water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effect is as follows: the burdock harvest period is from 9 to 10, the skin of fleshy root is yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Example 3: a cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) in the middle 3 ten days, when the pH value of the soil is 6.2; the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 0.4 kg of phoxim, 105 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate, deep ploughing for 30-35 cm and drying soil for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, opening a ditch with a burdock machine, enabling the diameter of a rotary head to be 13 cm, enabling the depth of the ditch to be 90 cm, applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil to the ground surface of the ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate added into the base fertilizer is deeply turned over in the soil, so that a certain concentration of ammonium bicarbonate in the soil can be maintained within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses when moving underground;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water of 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously ditching and sowing, performing line row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, tamping, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of the upper opening of a soil ridge, and a road mouth is drawn in the middle of the mulching film so as to facilitate the later-stage sprouting and seedling emergence of the mulching film to be coated with a layer of thin soil, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock seedlings are very important to be kept, the burdock seedlings can be sown evenly for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; dropping into the tube once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a foliar fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effect is as follows: the burdock harvest period is from 9 to 10, the skin of fleshy root is yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Example 4: a cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) in 3 middle ten days, when the pH value of the soil is 6.5, the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of borax potassium borate, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 65 kg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 65 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and sunning for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, opening a ditch with a burdock machine, enabling the diameter of a rotary head to be 13 cm, enabling the depth of the ditch to be 90 cm, applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil to the ground surface of the ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate added into the base fertilizer is deeply turned over in the soil, so that a certain concentration of ammonium bicarbonate in the soil can be maintained within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses when moving underground;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line-row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil ridge, cutting a road opening in the middle of the mulching film, and laying a layer of thin soil on the mulching film for germination and seedling emergence in the later period, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock seedlings are very important to be kept, the burdock seedlings can be sown evenly for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; dropping into the tube once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a foliar fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate hydrogen = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effects are as follows: the burdock harvest period is from 9 to 10, the skin of fleshy root is yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Example 5: a cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) in the middle 3 ten days, when the pH value of the soil is more than 6.8 to 7.0, the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 15-45 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; regulating the pH value of surface soil to be below 6.8 by using 65-115 kilograms of monopotassium phosphate, regulating the pH value of the surface soil to be 667 square meters per mu, taking the soil with the area of 1 square meter and the depth of 30 centimeters, regulating the pH value to be below 6.8 by using 97-172 grams of monopotassium phosphate, firstly determining the using amount of the monopotassium phosphate per square meter, then determining the using amount per mu, deeply turning for 30-35 centimeters, and drying the soil for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch every 43 m according to the terrain, ditching and rotating a head with the diameter of 13 cm by using a burdock machine, and applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate and 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of land before hooking, and uniformly spreading 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil on the ground surface of a ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days; the granular ammonium bicarbonate is added into the base fertilizer, the soil can keep a certain concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate in the soil within a certain time, the released ammonia gas has a driving-away effect on underground pests and rats, and the burdock collapses due to underground movement;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds obtained by drying in the sun into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line-row sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil ridge, cutting a road opening in the middle of the mulching film, and laying a layer of thin soil on the mulching film for germination and seedling emergence in the later period, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock seedlings are very important to be kept, the burdock seedlings can be sown evenly for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first fertilizer water after three true leaves, 65.12 g of hydrogen phosphate, 117.84 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; dropping into the tube once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the leaf fertilizer is prepared from water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn;
the effect is as follows: in the harvesting period of burdock from 9-10, the fleshy root and the skin are yellow, the yield per mu is 2500-2800 kg, the defective rate of burdock is less than 9%, the product specification is 3L grade, 15-17%, 2L grade, 25-28%, L grade, 20-22%, M grade, 25-26%, S grade, 7-15%, and the internal quality is as follows: each hundred grams of the sample contains 3.45 grams of dietary fiber, 2.16 grams of protein, 3.24 grams of fat and 37 flavors.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method of spring sowing yellow-peel burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) in the first and middle ten days of 3 months, after the previous crops are harvested, selecting soil with the soil p H value of 6.2-6.8, and when the soil p H value is 6.2; the fertilizer application formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 105 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; when the value of the soil p H is 6.5, the fertilization formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of borax potassium borate, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 65 kg of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 65 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; when the value of the soil p H is more than 6.8, the fertilization formula per mu is as follows: 1.2 kg of sodium borate borax, 45 kg of urea, 5 kg of selenium fertilizer, 15-45 kg of dipotassium phosphate, 65-115 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.4 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and drying soil for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, ditching according to the line, mechanically ditching a waist ditch every 43 m according to the terrain, wherein the diameter of a rotary head of a burdock ditcher is 13 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, and before ditching, 80 kg of ammonium bicarbonate particles, 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8 percent northern agriculture Avermectin missible oil are uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line; the furrowing process cannot be crossed with the waist furrows, the furrowing process must be stopped at a place 20-23 cm away from the waist furrows so as to avoid the problem that the burdock furrows are dredged to cause water inflow and influence the growth of the burdock, a ridge is naturally formed after the furrowing process, the ridges are compacted along two sides of the ridge after the furrowing process, and then the upper surfaces of the ridges are compacted so as to prevent the furrows from collapsing in rainy days;
(3) seed treatment: 48 hours before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 2.5 hours, adding 850 milliliters of warm water at 25 ℃ into 250 grams of the burdock seeds, 450 grams of bran and 45 milliliters of 10 percent imidacloprid per mu, uniformly stirring and standing for 40 minutes; drying in the sun for 4 hours, and weaving the burdock seeds into belts by using a seed weaving machine, wherein the distance between the seeds is 7 cm;
(4) sowing: 20 minutes before sowing, soaking the burdock woven belt in water at 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, simultaneously performing ditching and sowing, performing line sowing in soil ridges, wherein the sowing depth is 3.5 centimeters, covering soil, performing compaction, spraying a layer of herbicide on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridges, covering a mulching film, selecting an absorbable mulching film for 35 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.07 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of the upper opening of the soil ridges, cutting a passage in the middle of the mulching film to facilitate later-stage germination and seedling emergence, and spreading a layer of thin soil on the mulching film, wherein the soil thickness is 0.5-1.2 centimeters;
(5) the burdock seedlings are very important to be kept, the burdock seedlings can be sown evenly for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock; drip irrigation is adopted for the first fertilizer water after three main leaves, 65.12 g of dipotassium phosphate, 117.84 g of monopotassium phosphate and 75 g of urea are dissolved in 100 kg of water per mu after 3 pm, and drip irrigation is carried out at the speed of 500 ml per minute; drip irrigation once every 10 days;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 20-25 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu; spraying a foliar fertilizer in the morning of sunny days, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises water, urea, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate according to the weight ratio of water: urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: dipotassium phosphate = 100: 35: 30.8: 46, spraying 150 kilograms of the fertilizer per mu;
(7) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn.
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Effective date of registration: 20221220 Address after: 221,700 Jinling Industrial Park, Fanlou Town, Fengxian County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: XUZHOU KANGHUI CENTURY FOODS CO.,LTD. Patentee after: XUZHOU TIANMA JING'AN FOOD CO.,LTD. Patentee after: XUZHOU VOCATIONAL College OF BIOENGINEERING Address before: 221004 Jinling Industrial Park, Fanlou Town, Feng County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: XUZHOU KANGHUI CENTURY FOODS CO.,LTD. Patentee before: XUZHOU TIANMA JING'AN FOOD CO.,LTD. |