CN112385422A

CN112385422A - Method for out-of-season rapid cutting seedling

Info

Publication number: CN112385422A
Application number: CN202011400168.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨静; 周秀秀
Original assignee: Sichuan Yunchen Garden Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Yunchen Garden Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-03
Filing date: 2020-12-03
Publication date: 2021-02-23

Abstract

The invention provides a method for out-of-season rapid cutting seedling raising, which comprises the following steps of carrying out full-illumination spraying treatment on cutting seedlings: in the early stage of cutting, carrying out spray treatment on cutting seedlings to ensure that the liquid level keeps a layer of water film, and starting to repeatedly spray when the water film on the leaves is evaporated and reduced to 1/3; after the callus is formed, spraying after the water on the leaves is completely evaporated; after the root system of the cutting seedling grows to be more than 3cm, spraying once between 11 and 14 points every day. The method shortens the rooting time of the cutting seedlings, improves the rooting rate and the rooting quantity, and reduces the labor cost and the seedling cost.

Description

Method for out-of-season rapid cutting seedling

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for out-of-season rapid cutting seedling.

Background

Camellia japonica L, Camellia japonica, Camellia, evergreen shrub and small arbor in the genus of Camellia, ancient pomegranate, Yuming flower, winter-resistant or Datura, and other alias, and is divided into Camellia japonica, Camellia sinensis and Camellia japonica in east China. By using the propagation method, the root system is improved, the adaptability of the propagation method to the growing environment is improved, and the development and utilization of camellia germplasm resources can be greatly promoted. However, due to the growth characteristics of each plant, it is out of range at a certain time of each year. Generally, the climate conditions are different from the growth needs of the plants in the period, and the difference between the climate conditions and the growth needs of the plants results in that the plants cannot grow or even survive. The camellia is an important landscaping tree species which is difficult to be cut and survive, a grafting seedling raising method is adopted in production, but the main stem of a seedling of the camellia is thin, the seedling of the current year cannot be used as a stock, and the proper thickness can be achieved through many years of culture, in addition, the young sprout of the camellia of 1 year is not strong enough, the young sprout of the camellia needs to be cultured for about 2 years and can be used as a scion, otherwise, the survival rate of grafting is obviously reduced. The tissue culture is utilized to carry out-of-season seedling culture, the callus of the camellia has longer generation time, the callus is difficult to induce and root, the tissue culture has higher requirements on technical operation, the seedling period is longer, and the method is difficult to popularize in production practice.

The chrysanthemum is chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum belongs to perennial herb, is clear in verve and gorgeous, is known as 'monarch in flower', and has high ornamental value. With the increasing living standard of people, the demand of chrysanthemum in landscaping, beautifying and brightening is increasing. At present, the chrysanthemum in China adopts a conventional cuttage method, although the excellent properties of the mother plant of the chrysanthemum can be maintained, the method is simple and easy to implement, the rooting time is longer, the rooting rate is not ideal, and a series of problems that the lower cut of the cutting shoot is easy to mildew and rot in the rooting process, the time required by the rooting process of the cutting shoot is long, the rooting quantity is small and the like exist. The chamomile belongs to one of the chrysanthemums, and the technical problems of low rooting rate and small rooting quantity also exist when the out-of-season seedling culture is carried out by utilizing tissue culture.

Therefore, an out-of-season cutting seedling method capable of improving the rooting rate and the rooting quantity of camellia and chrysanthemum cutting propagation and short propagation period is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a method for raising seedlings by cutting quickly in an out-of-season manner, which can improve the rooting rate and the rooting quantity of cutting seedlings and shorten the propagation period.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:

a method for quickly raising seedlings by cutting in out-of-season mode is characterized in that full-light spray treatment is carried out on cutting seedlings:

in the early stage of cutting, carrying out spray treatment on cutting seedlings to ensure that the liquid level keeps a layer of water film, and starting to repeatedly spray when the water film on the leaves is evaporated and reduced to 1/3;

after the callus is formed, spraying after the water on the leaves is completely evaporated;

after the root system of the cutting seedling grows to be more than 3cm, spraying once between 11 and 14 points every day.

In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the initial stage of cutting, spraying is carried out once every 10-20 s, and the spraying time is 6-8 s each time; spraying every 25-35 s after the callus is formed, wherein the spraying time is 1-4 s each time; after the root system of the cutting seedling grows to be more than 3cm, spraying once between 11 and 14 points every day, wherein the spraying time is 10 to 20s each time;

further, spraying is continuously carried out from the beginning to the end of the cuttage;

furthermore, the period of the cutting seedling is 6-8 months.

The invention adopts a full-light spray cutting method, does not need shading in the growth period of cutting seedlings, improves the relative humidity of the leaf surface of cutting slips through an automatic spraying method, keeps a layer of water film on the surface of the leaf, reduces the temperature of the leaf surface through the evaporation and heat absorption of the water film, ensures the normal operation of plant photosynthesis and the uninterrupted assimilation of plants, ensures that the cutting slips do not lose water before rooting, and improves the rooting rate of the cutting slips by combining other cutting steps.

In the embodiment of the invention, the temperature is kept between 25 and 35 ℃ during the seedling raising period.

In the embodiment of the invention, the humidity is kept to be not lower than 90% during the seedling raising period; further, the humidity is kept between 90% and 96% during seedling raising.

In the specific implementation mode of the invention, watering is carried out periodically during seedling raising, so that the water content in the soil is 50-60%.

In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the cutting seedlings are soaked in rooting solution before cutting; further, the rooting solution is selected from naphthylacetic acid and ABT rooting solution, preferably ABT rooting solution;

further, the concentration of the rooting solution is 900-1100 ppm, preferably 1000 ppm;

furthermore, the time for soaking the rooting solution is 1-3 hours, and preferably 2 hours.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the substrate is sterilized before cutting; further, the matrix component includes perlite and purple soil, further, the perlite: the dosage ratio of the purple soil is 1: 1;

further, the disinfectant for disinfection treatment is one or more of carbendazim, hymexazol and potassium permanganate, and the preferred is the carbendazim;

further, the wettable powder carbendazim is 45-55%, and the wettable powder carbendazim is preferably 50%.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the following steps of: after the cuttage is finished, spraying 800 times of carbendazim or 50% of thiophanate methyl 900 times of liquid on the same day, and then spraying once every 3-5 days;

further, the dosage of 800 times of liquid carbendazim is 300L/mu or 900 times of liquid 300L/mu of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder is sprayed each time.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, foliar fertilization is performed after the formation of the cutting callus; further, carrying out foliar fertilization once every 14-17 days;

further, the fertilizer used for foliar fertilization is a potassium fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, preferably a potassium fertilizer, more preferably 0.1% KH₂PO₄；

Further, the 0.1% KH₂PO₄The spraying dosage of the fertilizer is 240L/mu.

The method according to the above, characterized in that the method is applied to camellia, chrysanthemum; further, the chrysanthemum is selected from chamomile.

The cuttage of camellia and chrysanthemum is usually carried out in spring and autumn, but the method of the invention can lead the cuttage seedling to reach higher rooting rate in summer from 6 months to 8 months and shorten the rooting period.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method of the invention does not need shading in the plant seedling raising period, not only overcomes the difficulty of out-of-season seedling raising, but also improves the rooting rate and the rooting quantity of the cutting seedlings, shortens the rooting time by half and accelerates the seedling raising period.

(2) The method has simple operation, saves a large amount of manpower, reduces the labor intensity of workers and reduces the seedling raising cost.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that any value between the two endpoints of each numerical range is optional unless the invention otherwise specified. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Example 1

(1) Preparing materials:

test materials: annual chamomile with robust growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and normal leaf color

Test apparatus: automatic spraying device for branch shears, small bamboo chips

Test drugs: 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, ABT rooting powder (from Sichuan Runner science and technology Co., Ltd., powder containing 20% of effective component), and 0.1% KH₂PO₄。

(2) Selecting a field:

selecting a field with good ventilation and drainage, wherein the field cannot accumulate water, the substrate is required to be loose, permeable and free of weeds and mixed bacteria, disinfecting the substrate (perlite: purple soil 1:1) by using carbendazim which is 50% wettable powder in a week before cuttage, and watering the substrate thoroughly by using water.

(3) Cutting the cutting slips:

and selecting robust early-aged chamomile branches without diseases and insect pests on the peripheral sunny side from late 6 th to middle 8 th of the month. Cutting the branches with full spores into cutting slips of 15cm by using a branch shear, cutting off redundant leaves by using a small shear, reserving 2-3 leaves on each cutting slip, and carrying 2-3 fully developed and plump buds on each slip; and then, using a branch shear to process a cut, flatly cutting an upper cut, wherein the distance from the upper cut to a terminal bud is 1-1.5 cm, and the upper end of a lower cut is preferably selected at the base of a bud, wherein nutrients are concentrated and the bud easily grows roots, but the lower cut needs to be obliquely cut.

Note that: the upper and lower cuts of the cutting are smooth, and the used tools are sharp to prevent the cutting from splitting.

The cutting process of the cutting slips is carried out in a shade place so as to avoid the loss of moisture of the cutting slips.

(4) And (3) processing the cutting slips:

bundling the cut chamomile cutting slips in different positions, wherein each 100 slips are one bundle, and soaking the cut under the labeled scion in 1000ppm ABT rooting solution for 2 hours.

(5) Full-illumination spraying cutting seedling raising:

and starting an automatic spraying device when the cuttage starts, reducing the water loss of the cutting slips in the cuttage process, pricking holes in the matrix by using small bamboo chips thicker than the cutting slips according to the distance of 15cm and 15cm, then inserting the lower incision of the cutting slips soaked in 1000ppm ABT rooting solution into the matrix, compacting the matrix, and avoiding suspension.

Note that:

A. the cutting is vertical to the substrate, and the depth of the cutting is 2 cm;

B. the leaves are not overlapped with each other, so that a certain growth space is provided, which is beneficial to improving the seedling quality;

C. the scion for cuttage can not have any scar, otherwise the survival rate can be influenced;

the cutting seedlings have different requirements on water in different periods and are reasonably sprayed. Particularly, in the early stage of cuttage, the cutting slips still have larger transpiration strength immediately after leaving the parent, the water absorption capacity of the cut under the cutting slip base is extremely weak, the cutting slips are guaranteed not to lose water and mainly depend on frequent intermittent spraying, the cutting slips are sprayed once every 15s before callus is formed in the early stage of cuttage, the spraying time is 7s each time, a layer of water film is always kept on the leaf surface, and the spraying can be started when the water film on the leaf surface is reduced to 1/3 after evaporation; after the callus is formed, spraying can be properly reduced, spraying can be carried out for a moment after the moisture on the leaf surface is completely evaporated, and spraying can be carried out once every 30 seconds, wherein the spraying time is 3 seconds each time; after a large amount of root systems are formed (on 3 cm), a small amount of spraying can be carried out at noon, the spraying time is 15s, but the matrix needs to be watered regularly, so that the water content of the soil is kept at 50% -60%.

(6) Temperature and humidity management:

the optimum temperature for plant growth and rooting is 25-35 ℃, and the optimum humidity for ensuring the activity of branches is 90-96%. Therefore, the periphery of the cuttage greenhouse is closed, and the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are optimized. Frequently observing the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, opening the skylight to cool down if the temperature exceeds the proper temperature required by the plants, and closing the skylight in time; if the humidity in the greenhouse reaches more than 90%, the spraying frequency can be properly reduced, and if the humidity is insufficient, the spraying frequency also needs to be increased.

(7) Spraying and fertilizing management:

the shoots are inserted in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and are easy to infect bacteria and rot, so that the pest control is still enhanced after the shoots are inserted except for the disinfection treatment of the shoots before the shoots are inserted, 800 times of carbendazim or 50% of thiophanate-methyl 900 times of liquid is sprayed at the evening of the day after the end of the cutting, the using amount is 300L/mu, and the spraying is carried out once every 3-5 days later. The spraying is required to be carried out in the evening and after the spraying is stopped, and the spraying times can be properly reduced after the cuttings take roots. After cuttage, if the seedlings grow out and are rotten, the seedlings can be cleaned in time to prevent and treat diseasesAnd (4) spreading the pests. Frequently carrying out foliage dressing after the formation of the cutting callus, and carrying out 0.1 percent KH dressing on the cutting seedlings every 15 days₂PO₄The fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface, and the using amount is 240L/mu.

Note that: the fallen leaves, dead leaves and rotten leaves on the seedbed are removed at any time so as to avoid the pollution of the seedbed.

(8) Hardening and transplanting seedlings:

transplanting of rooted seedlings is an important link of full-exposure spray seedling culture, and cutting seedlings need to be subjected to water cut off and seedling hardening before transplanting, so that the growth of root systems is promoted, and the adaptability of the seedlings to the external environment is improved. The whole transplanting process is carried out along with the start, planting and watering, and the water management is enhanced by shading in time.

Example 2

Compared with the embodiment 1, the full-light spray cutting seedling raising is replaced by small tunnel cutting seedling raising.

Steps (1) to (4) were the same as in example 1.

(5) A small arch shed cuttage method: the method comprises the steps of selecting leeward and sunny seedling raising, inserting new bamboo poles, bamboo chips or old soft reinforcing steel bars into furrows along the south and north directions to form arch-shaped frames every 50 centimeters, erecting the frames to be 60-80 centimeters in height, and enabling the lengths and widths to be according to the width and the length of the furrows, then poking holes in a matrix by small bamboo chips slightly thicker than cutting slips according to the distance of 10 x 10cm, inserting lower incisions of the cutting slips soaked with ABT rooting liquid into the matrix, compacting the matrix to avoid hanging, covering an agricultural film after cutting is completed, tightly burying and firmly all around, and covering a straw mat for cold protection and heat preservation at night.

(6) Illumination and temperature management: the arched shed is a closed cuttage environment, and the temperature in the shed can change sharply under the influence of illumination, so that the temperature is prevented from being too high, the temperature is controlled by shading, and the temperature is ensured not to exceed 40 ℃ of the limit temperature. The shading net can be 1-2 layers. The light irradiation is increased with the temperature ensured.

(7) Substrate and water management: the cutting substrate is prone to water loss at high temperatures in small tunnels, which requires that the substrate must be uniformly watered thoroughly prior to cutting. In the days after cuttage, careful examination is frequently carried out, the places with the matrix dried individually are timely replenished with water, and if the whole matrix is dried, the film is lifted for watering.

(8) The spraying and fertilizing management is the same as that of the example 1.

(9) Hardening and transplanting seedlings:

after most of seedlings grow out, lifting the film and hardening the seedlings, supporting the epiphragma to be semi-arched and high every 3-4 m in the middle of the small arched shed, continuously removing the film for 1-3 weeks, simultaneously keeping the matrix dry and wet, properly increasing the frequency of fertilizer water, and transplanting the seedlings after the height of the seedlings meets the requirement.

Example 3

(1) Preparing materials:

test materials: the annual camellia which grows strongly, has no plant diseases and insect pests and has normal leaf color;

test apparatus: pruning shears, small scissors, small bamboo chips and an automatic spraying device;

(2) Selecting a field:

(3) Cutting the cutting slips:

and selecting robust early-aged chamomile branches without diseases and insect pests on the peripheral sunny side from late 6 th to middle 8 th of the month. Cutting the branches with full spores into cutting slips of 15cm by using a branch shear, cutting off redundant leaves by using a small shear, reserving 2-3 leaves on each cutting slip, and carrying 2-3 fully developed and plump buds on each slip; then, the cut is processed by a branch shear, the upper cut is cut flatly, the distance from the upper cut to the terminal bud is 1cm, the upper end of the lower cut is preferably selected to be the base of one bud, nutrients are concentrated in the position and are easy to root, but the lower cut needs to be cut obliquely.

(4) And (3) processing the cutting slips:

(5) Full-illumination spraying cutting seedling raising:

Note that:

the cutting seedlings have different requirements on water in different periods and are reasonably sprayed. Particularly, in the early stage of cuttage, the cutting slips still have larger transpiration strength immediately after leaving the parent, the water absorption capacity of the cut under the cutting slip base is extremely weak, the cutting slips are guaranteed not to lose water and mainly depend on frequent intermittent spraying, the cutting slips are sprayed once every 15s before callus is formed in the early stage of cuttage, the spraying time is 7s each time, a layer of water film is always kept on the leaf surface, and the spraying can be started when the water film on the leaf surface is reduced to 1/3 after evaporation; after the callus is formed, spraying once every 30s, wherein the spraying time is 3s each time, and spraying can be carried out for a moment after the moisture on the leaf surface is completely evaporated; after a large amount of root systems are formed (on 3 cm), spraying can be carried out only a small amount at noon, the spraying time is 15s, and the water content of the soil is kept between 50 and 60 percent by the matrix.

(6) Temperature and humidity management:

(7) Spraying and fertilizing management:

the shoots are inserted in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and are easy to infect bacteria and rot, so that the pest control is still enhanced after the shoots are inserted except for the disinfection treatment of the shoots before the shoots are inserted, 800 times of carbendazim or 50% of thiophanate-methyl 900 times of liquid is sprayed at the evening of the day after the end of the cutting, the using amount is 300L/mu, and the spraying is carried out once every 3-5 days later. The spraying is required to be carried out in the evening and after the spraying is stopped, and the spraying times can be properly reduced after the cuttings take roots. After cuttage, if the seedlings grow out and are rotten, the seedlings can be cleaned in time to prevent and control the spread of diseases. Frequently carrying out foliage dressing after the formation of the cutting callus, and carrying out 0.1 percent KH dressing on the cutting seedlings every 15 days₂PO₄The fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface, and the using amount is 240L/mu.

(8) Hardening and transplanting seedlings:

Example 4

Compared with the embodiment 3, the full-light spray cutting seedling raising is replaced by small tunnel cutting seedling raising.

Steps (1) to (4) were the same as in example 3.

(5) A small arch shed cuttage method: the method is characterized in that seedling is grown in a leeward sunny land, new bamboo poles, bamboo chips or old soft reinforcing steel bars are inserted into furrows along the north-south direction at intervals of 50 centimeters to form arch-shaped frames, the height of each arch-shaped frame is 60-80 centimeters, and the length and the width of each arch-shaped frame are according to the width and the length of each ridge. Covering with agricultural film, burying tightly, and covering with grass mat at night for cold protection and heat preservation.

(8) The spraying and fertilizing management is the same as that in the example 3.

(9) Hardening and transplanting seedlings:

Statistics are carried out on the rooting conditions of the chamomile in the examples 1 and 2, and the results are shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1 rooting of chamomile in different ways

Item	Rooting time/day	Rooting percentage/%)	Average root number/root
				Full-light spray cuttage seedling raising	7	98	8
Small arched shed cuttage seedling raising	15	30	3

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with example 2, in example 1, the rooting time of chamomile is shortened by half, the rooting rate is remarkably improved from 30% to 98%, and the average rooting number is increased from 3 to 8 by adopting full-illumination spray cutting seedling raising.

Statistics are carried out on the rooting conditions of camellia sinensis in examples 3 and 4, and the results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 rooting conditions of camellia in different seedling raising modes

Item	Rooting time/day	Rooting percentage/%)	Average root number/root
				Full-light spray cuttage seedling raising	25	60	8
Small arched shed cuttage seedling raising	54	10	4

As can be seen from Table 2, in the example 3, compared with the example 4, the rooting time of the camellia is at least shortened by half by adopting full-illumination spray cutting seedling raising, the rooting rate is remarkably improved from 10% to 60%, the average rooting number is increased from 4 to 8, and the rooting number is doubled.

In summary, as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method of the present invention can shorten at least half of the rooting time, and significantly improve the rooting rate and the average rooting number.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings by cutting quickly in out-of-season is characterized in that full-illumination spraying treatment is carried out on cutting seedlings:

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the early stage of cutting, the cutting agent is sprayed every 10-20 s, and the spraying time is 6-8 s; spraying every 25-35 s after the callus is formed, wherein the spraying time is 1-4 s each time; after the root system of the cutting seedling grows to be more than 3cm, spraying once between 11 and 14 points every day, wherein the spraying time is 10 to 20s each time;

furthermore, the period of the cutting seedling is 6-8 months.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is maintained at 25-35 ℃ during the raising of the seedlings.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the humidity is maintained at not less than 90% during the raising of seedlings; further, the humidity is kept between 90% and 96% during seedling raising.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein watering is carried out periodically during the growing of the seedlings to a moisture content of 50% to 60% in the soil.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting seedlings are soaked with rooting solution before cutting; further, the rooting solution is selected from naphthylacetic acid and ABT rooting solution, preferably ABT rooting solution;

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is sterilized prior to cutting; further, the matrix component comprises perlite: purple soil (1:1), further, the perlite: the dosage ratio of the purple soil is 1: 1;

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising pest control: after the cuttage is finished, spraying 800 times of carbendazim or 50% of thiophanate methyl 900 times of liquid on the same day, and then spraying once every 3-5 days;

further, the using amount of 800 times of carbendazim is 300L/mu or the using amount of thiophanate methyl is 300L/mu each time of spraying.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein foliar fertilization is performed after the formation of the cutting callus; further, carrying out foliar fertilization once every 14-17 days;

Further, the 0.1% KH₂PO₄The spraying dosage of the fertilizer is 240L/mu.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method is applied to camellia, chrysanthemum; further, the chrysanthemum is selected from chamomile.