CN112335814A - 一种蒲公英提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种蒲公英提取物及其制备方法,取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎制得蒲公英粉末;按每千克蒲公英粉末加入3~8ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于37~42℃酶解52~67min,得酶解液;调节pH至11.8~12.5,搅拌3~8min,灭酶,过滤;在滤液中加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率650~700W、温度38~42℃,微波提取7~9min,重复提取,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;将浓缩液加入提取液中,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸混合制得;用强电场进行萃取12~20min,得萃取液;萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。本发明制得的蒲公英提取物,富含蒲公英黄酮和蒲公英黄色素,可应用于保健食品制作中,作为天然食品着色剂,同时提高食品的营养价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蒲公英加工技术领域,特别涉及一种蒲公英提取物及其制备方法。
背景技术
蒲公英(拉丁学名:Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)菊科,蒲公英属多年生草本植物,全国大部分地区均有分布,每年春秋两季开花,花期长。蒲公英花中的黄酮类化合物、黄色素、酚酸类化合物等含量较高。
天然黄酮类化合物在人类饮食结构中占有重要的地位,其摄入量与心脑血管等疾病的发生有着密切的关系。从蒲公英花中提取的黄色素是一种安全、无毒并具有一定营养价值的天然色素。蒲公英黄色素可用于饮料、果酒、糖果、点心等保健食品、医药及化妆品等的着色。这些化合物有较强的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌消炎、利胆保肝等生物活性。
现有方法一般分别对蒲公英黄酮以及黄色素进行单一提取,导致活性成分浪费,如采用现有提取方法同时提取蒲公英黄酮以及黄色素,其提取率低。故急需一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
鉴以此,本发明提出一种蒲公英提取物及其制备方法,制得蒲公英提取物富含蒲公英黄酮和蒲公英黄色素,可应用于保健食品制作中,满足食品色泽要求,激发食欲,同时提高食品的营养价值。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎制得蒲公英粉末;
(2)酶解:取步骤(1)的蒲公英粉末,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入3~8ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由体积比为7~11:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于37~42℃酶解52~67min,得酶解液;
(3)灭酶:调节步骤(2)酶解液pH至11.8~12.5,搅拌3~8min,灭酶,过滤,得滤液;
(4)微波提取:取步骤(3)滤液,加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率650~700W、温度38~42℃,微波提取7~9min,重复提取2~4次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;
(5)二次提取:将步骤(4)浓缩液加入提取液中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:1.2~2.5,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1~3:0.4~0.9混合制得;用强电场进行萃取12~20min,得萃取液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将步骤(5)萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。
优选地,步骤(5)中,所述强电场萃取条件为:电场强度为2.0~2.2kV、脉冲频率为2000~2200Hz、电极间距为2~4mm。
优选地,步骤(1)中,粉碎后过100~200目筛。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述复合酶液由纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液按体积比为9:1混合制得。
优选地,步骤(2)中,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入6ml复合酶液。
优选地,步骤(2)中,于39℃酶解58min。
优选地,步骤(3)中,调节pH至12.1,搅拌7min。
优选地,步骤(4)中,于微波功率670W、温度42℃提取8min。
优选地,步骤(5)中,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1.5:0.7混合制得。
优选地,步骤(5)中,所述电场强度为2.1kV、脉冲频率为2100Hz、电极间距为3mm。
优选地,一种蒲公英提取物,由本发明任一项所述的蒲公英提取物的制备方法制得。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制得的蒲公英提取物,富含蒲公英黄酮和蒲公英黄色素,可应用于保健食品制作中,作为天然食品着色剂,同时提高食品的营养价值。其中,使用本发明复合酶、采用pH灭酶、微波提取结合强电场萃取,显著提改善对蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄色素的提取效果,提高蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄色素的提取率。
(2)本发明采用由体积比为7~11:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得复合酶液进行酶解,制得酶解液富含更多活性成分;并采用pH灭酶,避免破坏活性成分,同时避免酶液对提取物产品的滋味有不良影响,更好应用于保健食品。
(3)本发明采用微波提取结合强电场进行萃取,充分提高对蒲公英花中活性成分的提取。其中,采用本发明由质量比10:1~3:0.4~0.9无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸制得提取液进行强电场萃取,显著提高提取效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,制得蒲公英粉末;
(2)酶解:取步骤(1)的蒲公英粉末,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入3ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由体积比为7:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于37℃酶解67min,得酶解液;
(3)灭酶:调节步骤(2)酶解液pH至11.8,搅拌8min,灭酶,过滤,得滤液;
(4)微波提取:取步骤(3)滤液,加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率650W、温度42℃,微波提取7min,重复提取4次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;
(5)二次提取:将步骤(4)浓缩液加入提取液中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:1.2,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1:0.4混合制得;用强电场进行萃取,电场强度为2.0kV、脉冲频率为2000Hz、电极间距为2mm,萃取20min,得萃取液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将步骤(5)萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。
实施例2
一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎,过200目筛,制得蒲公英粉末;
(2)酶解:取步骤(1)的蒲公英粉末,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入8ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由体积比为11:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于42℃酶解52min,得酶解液;
(3)灭酶:调节步骤(2)酶解液pH至12.5,搅拌3min,灭酶,过滤,得滤液;
(4)微波提取:取步骤(3)滤液,加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率700W、温度38℃,微波提取9min,重复提取2次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;
(5)二次提取:将步骤(4)浓缩液加入提取液中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:2.5,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:3:0.9混合制得;用强电场进行萃取,电场强度为2.2kV、脉冲频率为2200Hz、电极间距为4mm,萃取12min,得萃取液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将步骤(5)萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。
实施例3
一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎,过200目筛,制得蒲公英粉末;
(2)酶解:取步骤(1)的蒲公英粉末,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入6ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由体积比为9:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于39℃酶解58min,得酶解液;
(3)灭酶:调节步骤(2)酶解液pH至12.1,搅拌7min,灭酶,过滤,得滤液;
(4)微波提取:取步骤(3)滤液,加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率670W、温度42℃,微波提取8min,重复提取3次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;
(5)二次提取:将步骤(4)浓缩液加入提取液中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:1.5,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1.5:0.7混合制得;用强电场进行萃取,电场强度为2.1kV、脉冲频率为2100Hz、电极间距为3mm,萃取17min,得萃取液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将步骤(5)萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(2)中,所述复合酶液由体积比为5:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(2)中,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入2ml复合酶液。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(3)中,未进行灭酶操作。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(3)中,调整pH至11,搅拌30min。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(4)中,控制微波功率600W、温度45℃,微波提取8min,重复提取3次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(5)中,所述提取液中不含有柠檬酸。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(5)中,所述提取液中,无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:5:1。
对比例8
本对比例与实施例3区别在于,步骤(5)中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:1。
一、将各实施例和对比例制得的蒲公英提取物,对其进行检测,结果如下:
蒲公英黄酮含量(%) | 蒲公英黄色素含量(%) | |
实施例1 | 30.19 | 50.26 |
实施例2 | 32.34 | 51.39 |
实施例3 | 37.25 | 55.84 |
对比例1 | 15.63 | 36.27 |
对比例2 | 26.24 | 42.25 |
对比例3 | 31.56 | 45.62 |
对比例4 | 34.85 | 48.08 |
对比例5 | 14.86 | 29.75 |
对比例6 | 14.34 | 32.84 |
对比例7 | 17.50 | 38.73 |
对比例8 | 19.48 | 40.29 |
由表1可知,本发明实施例1~3蒲公英提取物的制备方法,制得的蒲公英提取物富含蒲公英黄酮和蒲公英黄色素。
对比例1-8与实施例3对比,采用复合酶液配比以及使用量、pH灭酶操作及其条件、微波提取条件以及强电场萃取使用提取液配比及其用量对获得蒲公英提取物中蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄色素的含量均有明显的影响。采用本发明的制备方法,显著改善提取效果,提高蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄色素的提取率。
综上,采用本发明蒲公英提取物的制备方法,制得的蒲公英提取物富含蒲公英黄酮和蒲公英黄色素,可应用于保健食品制作中,作为天然食品着色剂,同时提高食品的营养价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:取蒲公英花,清洗,干燥,粉碎制得蒲公英粉末;
(2)酶解:取步骤(1)的蒲公英粉末,按每千克蒲公英粉末加入3~8ml复合酶液,所述复合酶液由体积比为7~11:1的纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液混合制得,于37~42℃酶解52~67min,得酶解液;
(3)灭酶:调节步骤(2)酶解液pH至11.8~12.5,搅拌3~8min,灭酶,过滤,得滤液;
(4)微波提取:取步骤(3)滤液,加入无水乙醇,控制微波功率650~700W、温度38~42℃,微波提取7~9min,重复提取2~4次,合并上清液,浓缩,得浓缩液;
(5)二次提取:将步骤(4)浓缩液加入提取液中,所述浓缩液和提取液体积比为1:1.2~2.5,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1~3:0.4~0.9混合制得;用强电场进行萃取12~20min,得萃取液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将步骤(5)萃取液经蒸发浓缩、冷冻干燥、灭菌得到蒲公英提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述强电场萃取条件为:电场强度为2.0~2.2kV、脉冲频率为2000~2200Hz、电极间距为2~4mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,粉碎后过100~200目筛。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述复合酶液由纤维素酶液和木聚糖酶液按体积比为9:1混合制得;按每千克蒲公英粉末加入6ml复合酶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,于39℃酶解58min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,调节pH至12.1,搅拌7min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,于微波功率670W、温度42℃提取8min。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述提取液由无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯和柠檬酸按质量比10:1.5:0.7混合制得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种蒲公英提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述电场强度为2.1kV、脉冲频率为2100Hz、电极间距为3mm。
10.一种蒲公英提取物,其特征在于,由权利要求1-9任一项所述的蒲公英提取物的制备方法制得。
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