CN112335791B - Biological controlled release urea compound and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological controlled release urea compound and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112335791B CN112335791B CN202011157649.6A CN202011157649A CN112335791B CN 112335791 B CN112335791 B CN 112335791B CN 202011157649 A CN202011157649 A CN 202011157649A CN 112335791 B CN112335791 B CN 112335791B
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- -1 urea compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 5
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008425 Protein deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008855 peristalsis Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological control release type urea compound, which comprises the following components: mixing urea, floating carrier and binder, granulating, and coating waterproof film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm 3 ， The floating carrier, the binder and the membrane can be digested and absorbed by ruminants; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Mixing urea, fiber feed raw material grass powder or gluten feed raw material with stearic acid according to a certain proportion, granulating; 2) Heating stearic acid to a liquid state; 3) Coating the granules in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in the liquid state in the step 2); coating for 3 times; 4) Cooling to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound. The product of the invention has low density with rumen fluid, can float on the upper layer of rumen fluid completely along with coarse fodder, can be kept for 16 hours without release or with little release, thereby maximizing the application of urea in ruminants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a biological controlled release urea compound and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In nature, many lower microorganisms (rumen microorganisms, rhizobia and the like) can convert non-protein nitrogen into nitrogen sources which can be utilized by animals and plants, so that a new idea for supplying protein to animals, particularly ruminants, is developed. The whole usage amount of the protein feed can be reduced by adding non-protein nitrogen into ruminants. China is a country with serious protein deficiency, and the annual import reaches tens of millions of tons, if 1000 tens of thousands of cows, 3000 tens of thousands of beef cattle and 5000 tens of thousands of sheep in China are used for 200 g/first cow/day, 50 g/day/sheep use urea, 383.25 tens of thousands of tons of urea compound can be consumed each year, and 1916.25 tens of thousands of tons of soybean meal can be saved each year. For this reason, the use of non-protein nitrogen-based feeds in ruminant feed is imperative.
However, if urea is simply fed to ruminants, it is degraded into ammonia in the rumen, and because ammonia is produced at too high a rate to be utilized by microorganisms in a short time, it can lead to cow poisoning, and 50 grams of urea can cause cow mortality in production practice. For this reason, when urea is fed to ruminants, both the speed and efficiency of the use of microorganisms and the lack of adverse effects on ruminants are considered.
Most ruminant urea feeds in the market are slow-release products, namely the relative release speed of urea is controlled by a slow-release principle, most of the products have high density and are influenced by rumen peristalsis, and along with the concentrated feed sinking into the fundus of the stomach, the concentrated feed enters the digestive stroke of the valve stomach, the true stomach and the small intestine. For this reason, it is required that the slow release time of such slow release products cannot exceed 30 minutes, and if the time is too long, urea will be caused to enter the small intestine along with chyme, and urea poisoning of ruminants may be directly caused. Meanwhile, slow release is carried out for 30 minutes, the use amount of urea products is limited, and in general cases, most of the products control the absolute release amount of urea in rumen by controlling the feeding amount, and once the feeding amount is too large, the urea poisoning of ruminants is easily caused.
Products with corresponding concentrations are supplied by combining the rumination speeds of different animals, so that the synchronous supply of carbon and nitrogen in the rumen is ensured, the synchronous supply of carbon and nitrogen of microorganisms in the rumen is promoted, the activity of the microorganisms in the rumen and the synthesis of microbial mycoprotein are promoted, and the feed cost of ruminant cultivation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize synchronous carbon and nitrogen supply of microorganisms in rumen of ruminants, avoid urea poisoning of ruminants, and provide a biological control release type urea compound and a preparation method thereof.
A biological controlled release urea complex comprising: mixing urea, floating carrier and binder, granulating, and coating waterproof film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm 3 ， The floating carrier, the binder and the membrane can be digested and absorbed by ruminants;
the floating carrier is a fibrous feed raw material grass powder or a gluten feed raw material;
the fibrous feed raw material grass powder is straw, alfalfa, oat and/or rice husk;
the raw materials of the gluten feed are wheat bran and/or oil bran;
the binder is stearic acid, modified starch, flour and/or guar gum;
the waterproof film is stearic acid;
the urea is puffed urea;
the biological control release type urea compound is prepared by the following steps:
1) Mixing urea, fiber feed raw material grass powder or gluten feed raw material with stearic acid for granulating;
2) Heating stearic acid to a liquid state;
3) Coating the granules in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in the liquid state in the step 2); coating for 3 times;
4) Cooling to obtain the biological control release type urea compound.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) Good rumen floatability: mixing stearic acid and urea or puffed urea in certain proportion, granulating and coating to obtain the product with density less than 1g/cm 3 Enabling it to float on the surface of the rumen fluid;
2) The safety is good: because the product has good floatability, the product can float on the upper layer of rumen fluid under the condition of keeping the mixed state with coarse fodder such as forage grass and the like. Meanwhile, due to the special coating process of the product, the urea is not released in the rumen for 16 hours, so that the urea is not actively released into rumen fluid, and the urea can not enter the digestive processes of the valve stomach, the eustomach and the small intestine along with chyme, and therefore, the urea poisoning of ruminants can not be caused under the condition of proper feeding amount;
3) Good palatability: the urea is effectively coated by using the coating technology, so that ammonia smell generated by decomposing the urea in saliva is reduced, and the problem of poor palatability of the urea is effectively solved;
4) The absolute release amount and release speed of urea in the rumen are controllable: the integral urea release amount and release speed are controlled according to the ruminant speed and ruminant amount, so that the utilization efficiency of urea is improved;
5) The overall feeding cost of ruminants is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved: due to the appearance of the product, the integral feeding quantity of urea to ruminants can be greatly improved. Compared with the traditional slow-release urea product, the feeding amount can be increased by 4-5 times, and the urea non-protein nitrogen is used for replacing plant protein raw materials such as soybean meal, so that on one hand, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen is improved, and on the other hand, the feeding cost can be greatly reduced;
6) The dependence on imported plant proteins is reduced, and the national grain safety is improved;
7) In terms of technology, the invention has simple processing process, easy operation and easy popularization;
the invention provides a biological control release type urea compound, which comprises the following components: mixing urea, floating carrier and binder, granulating, and coating waterproof film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm 3 ， The floating carrier, the binder and the membrane can be digested and absorbed by ruminants; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Mixing urea, fiber feed raw material grass powder or gluten feed raw material with stearic acid according to a certain proportion, granulating; 2) Heating stearic acid to a liquid state; 3) Coating the granules in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in the liquid state in the step 2); coating for 3 times; 4) Cooling to obtain a green bodyAnd (3) a urea compound controlled by the substance. The product of the invention has low density with rumen fluid, can float on the upper layer of rumen fluid completely along with coarse fodder, can be kept for 16 hours without release or with little release, thereby maximizing the application of urea in ruminants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the floating state of a biological control release type urea compound feed in water;
FIG. 2 a forage grass floating in water with the urea complex being deposited on the floating meadow;
figure 3 a urea complex is mixed with forage.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A biological controlled release urea compound feed comprises the following materials: urea, corn, stearic acid, fibrous feed raw material grass meal (straw, alfalfa, oat, rice husk, etc.), gluten feed raw material (wheat bran, oil bran, etc.);
urea or puffed urea and stearic acid are granulated through a feed granulating process, so that floating preparation is provided on one hand, and on the other hand, the process is convenient for on-site use;
the coating film is stearic acid, and the hydrophobicity of the stearic acid is utilized to ensure that the urea after granulation is not violated by water;
the specific gravity of the biological control release type urea compound feed is smaller than or equal to that of rumen fluid.
A preparation method of a biological regulation type urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing crushed urea and corn according to a certain weight, puffing at 100-120 ℃, cooling, and preparing puffed urea;
2) Mixing urea or puffed urea or fiber feed raw material grass powder or gluten feed raw material with stearic acid according to a certain proportion, granulating, adjusting the density of the materials, ensuring the floatability of the finished product, and being convenient for production and use;
3) Heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting the stearic acid into a liquid state for spraying for later use;
4) Coating the granules in the step 2) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in the liquid state in the step 3); coating for 3 times, so as to ensure the integrity and uniformity of the coating;
5) And (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
Example 2
A biological control release type urea compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 42% urea, 18% corn, 40% stearic acid;
the urea and the corn are crushed to more than 80 meshes;
the puffed urea is prepared by the following steps:
1) Mixing pulverized urea and semen Maydis at weight ratio of 7:3, puffing at 100-120deg.C, cooling, and pulverizing to 40 mesh.
A preparation method of a biological regulation type urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing and granulating 66% of puffed urea and 34% of stearic acid, and cooling for later use;
2) Heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting the stearic acid into a liquid state;
3) Coating the granulated and cooled granule material for 3 times by adopting an external spraying coating technology according to the proportion of 90% of the granule and 10% of stearic acid, so as to ensure the integrity and uniformity of the coating;
4) And (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
The prepared feed is floating in water, as shown in figure 1; the nutrition index of the product is as follows: crude protein content 120%, puffed starch 12.6% and fat 40%.
Example 3
A biological control release type urea compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% urea, 55% stearic acid;
a preparation method of a biological regulation type urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing urea granules and stearic acid granules according to the proportion of 50% urea and 50% stearic acid, granulating, and cooling for later use;
2) Heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting the stearic acid into a liquid state;
3) Coating the granulated and cooled granule material for 3 times by adopting an external spraying coating technology according to the proportion of 90% of the granule and 10% of stearic acid, so as to ensure the integrity and uniformity of the coating;
4) And (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
The prepared feed is floating in water, as shown in figure 1; the nutrition index of the product is as follows: crude protein content 128% and fat 55%.
Example 4 Compound feed Release test
1. In-water Release test
The feeds prepared in examples 2 and 3 are used as experimental samples (numbers 1 and 2), and the commercial slow-release protein feed 1 (control 1), the commercial slow-release protein feed 2 (control 2) and the feed disclosed in the Chinese patent CN201910510344.X "a slow-release protein feed" (control 3) are used as controls; weighing 1.0g of each sample, respectively placing into conical flasks, adding 100mL of purified water (water pH 6.6), placing into a water bath shaking table, setting the parameters of the shaking table to 39 ℃ and 100rpm, sampling every 0.5h (sampling every 1h after 3 h), sucking 0.5mL by a pipette, and measuring the content of dissolved urea in the solution by a spectrophotometry method; the overall results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from the table, the urea released from the two protein feeds of control 1 and control 2 completely into water within 3 hours, and the urea released from the feeds of control 3 groups completely does not exceed 5 hours, and their slow release rates are relatively fast, and the urea concentration at 4 hours is as follows: control 1> control 2> control 3> sample 1 = sample 2; the feeds prepared in the embodiments 2 and 3 of the invention are used as experimental samples (No. 1 and No. 2), are not released completely within 16 hours, have better coating effect, and provide guarantee for realizing biological regulation.
2. Release degree test in rumen fluid
The feeds prepared in examples 2 and 3 are used as experimental samples (numbers 1 and 2), and the commercial slow-release protein feed 1 (control 1), the commercial slow-release protein feed 2 (control 2) and the feed disclosed in the Chinese patent CN201910510344.X "a slow-release protein feed" (control 3) are used as controls; 1.0g of each sample is weighed, placed into a conical flask respectively, added with 100mL of rumen fluid, placed into a water bath shaking table, the parameters of the shaking table are set to 39 ℃ and 100rpm, sampling is carried out every 0.5h (sampling is carried out every 1h after 3 h), 0.5mL is sucked by a pipette, and the content of dissolved urea in the solution is measured by a spectrophotometry; the overall results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from the table, the urea is completely released into the rumen fluid within 3 hours in the control 1, the urea is completely released into the rumen fluid within 2 hours in the control 2, the feed of the control 3 group is completely released for no more than 5 hours, the slow release speed is relatively fast, and the urea concentration is sequentially from big to small at 4 hours: control 1> control 2> control 3> sample 1 = sample 2; the feeds prepared in the embodiments 2 and 3 of the invention are used as experimental samples (No. 1 and No. 2), are not released completely within 16 hours, have better coating effect, and provide guarantee for realizing biological regulation.
Claims (7)
1. A biological controlled release urea complex, characterized in that it is prepared by the following method:
1) Mixing urea, floating carrier and binder for granulating;
2) Heating stearic acid to a liquid state;
3) Coating the particles in the step 1) with a waterproof membrane by a coating machine, wherein the membrane is stearic acid in the liquid state in the step 2), coating for 3 times, and the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm 3 ；
4) Cooling to obtain the biological control release type urea compound.
2. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 1, characterized in that: is not released in the rumen for 16 hours.
3. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 2, characterized in that: the floating carrier is a fibrous feed raw material grass powder or a gluten feed raw material.
4. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fibrous feed raw material grass powder is straw, alfalfa, oat and/or rice husk.
5. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 4, characterized in that: the raw materials of the gluten feed are wheat bran and/or oil bran.
6. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 5, characterized in that: the binder is stearic acid, modified starch, flour and/or guar gum.
7. A biological controlled release urea complex according to claim 6, characterized in that: the urea is puffed urea.
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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