CN112335791A - Biological regulation and control release type urea compound and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological regulation and control release type urea compound and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological regulation and control release type urea compound, which comprises the following components: mixing and granulating urea, a floating carrier and a binder, and coating a water-impermeable film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm3 ，The floating carrier, the adhesive and the film can be digested and absorbed by ruminants; it is prepared by the following method: 1) mixing urea, fibrous feed raw material grass meal or gluten feed raw material and stearic acid according to a certain proportion, and granulating; 2) will be hardHeating fatty acid to liquid state; 3) coating the granules obtained in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in a liquid state obtained in the step 2); coating for 3 times; 4) cooling to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound. The product of the invention, which has low density and rumen fluid density, can completely float on the rumen fluid along with roughage, and can keep no release or little release for 16 hours, thereby being capable of maximally utilizing the application of urea in ruminants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a biological regulation and control release type urea compound and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Many lower microorganisms (rumen microorganisms, rhizobia and the like) in the nature can convert non-protein nitrogen into a nitrogen source which can be utilized by animals and plants, so that a new idea for supplying proteins to animals, particularly ruminants, is developed. The use of non-protein nitrogen added by the ruminants can reduce the whole use amount of the protein feed. China is a country seriously lack of protein, thousands of tons are imported every year, if 1000 thousands of cows, 3000 thousands of beef cattle and 5000 thousands of sheep in China use urea according to 200 g/cow/day and 50 g/day/sheep, 383.25 thousands tons of urea compounds can be consumed every year, and 1916.25 thousands of tons of bean pulp can be saved every year. For this reason, non-protein nitrogen type feeds are imperative for use in ruminant feed.
However, if ruminants are fed urea alone, the urea is degraded into ammonia in the rumen, and the ammonia is produced at a too high rate to be utilized by microorganisms in a short time, which may result in poisoning of cows, and 50 g of urea may cause death of cows in production practice. For this reason, when urea is fed to a ruminant, consideration is given not only to the utilization rate and efficiency of microorganisms but also to the adverse effect that does not cause the ruminant.
Most ruminant urea feed in the market is a slow-release product, namely the relative release speed of urea is controlled by a slow-release principle, most of the products have high density and are influenced by rumen peristalsis, and the products sink to the stomach bottom quickly along with concentrated feed and enter the digestion process of the omasum, the abomasum and the small intestine along with the concentrated feed. Therefore, the slow release time of the slow release product is required to be not more than 30 minutes, and if the time is too long, the slow release product can cause urea to enter the small intestine along with chyme, and can directly cause ruminant urea poisoning. Meanwhile, the use amount of urea products is limited by slowly releasing for 30 minutes, the absolute release amount of urea in rumen is controlled by controlling the feeding amount of the products in general conditions, and once the feeding amount is too large, ruminant urea poisoning is easily caused.
The method combines the rumination speeds of different animals to supply products with corresponding concentrations, ensures synchronous carbon and nitrogen supply in the rumen, improves synchronous carbon and nitrogen supply of microorganisms in the rumen, is favorable for improving the activity of rumen microorganisms and the synthesis of microbial mycoprotein, and further reduces the feed cost for culturing the ruminants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize synchronous carbon and nitrogen supply of microorganisms in the rumen of a ruminant and avoid ruminant urea poisoning, and provides a biological regulation release type urea compound and a preparation method thereof.
A bioregulatory release urea complex comprising: mixing and granulating urea, a floating carrier and a binder, and coating a waterproof film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm3 ，The floating carrier, the adhesive and the film can be digested and absorbed by ruminants;
the floating carrier is a fibrous feed raw material grass meal or a gluten feed raw material;
the fibrous feed raw material grass meal is straw, alfalfa, oat and/or rice hull;
the gluten feed raw material is wheat bran and/or oil bran;
the binder is stearic acid, modified starch, flour and/or guar gum;
the waterproof membrane is stearic acid;
the urea is expanded urea;
the biological control release type urea compound is prepared by the following method:
1) mixing urea, fibrous feed raw material grass meal or gluten feed raw material and stearic acid, and granulating;
2) heating stearic acid to a liquid state;
3) coating the granules obtained in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in a liquid state obtained in the step 2); coating for 3 times;
4) cooling to obtain the biological control release urea compound.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) good rumen floatability: using stearic acid and urea or puffed ureaMixing at a certain proportion, granulating, and coating to obtain the final product with density less than 1g/cm3The urea complex of (a), so that it is able to float on the surface layer of rumen fluid;
2) the safety is good: because the product has good floatability, the product can float on the upper layer of rumen fluid along with coarse fodder such as forage grass and the like in a mixed state. Meanwhile, due to the special coating process of the product, the product is not released in rumen for 16 hours, so that urea is not actively released into rumen fluid and enters the digestive process of a valvular stomach, a true stomach and a small intestine along with chyme, and therefore, the urea poisoning of ruminants is not caused under the condition of proper feeding amount;
3) good palatability: urea is effectively coated by using a coating technology, so that the ammonia smell generated by the decomposition of the urea in saliva is reduced, and the problem of poor palatability of the urea is effectively solved;
4) the absolute release amount and release speed of urea in rumen are controllable: the whole urea release amount and release speed are controlled according to the rumination speed and rumination quantity of the ruminants, so that the utilization efficiency of urea is more facilitated;
5) the overall feeding cost of the ruminants is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved: due to the advent of the product, the whole feeding amount of the urea to the ruminants can be greatly improved. Compared with the traditional slow-release urea product, the feeding amount can be increased by 4-5 times, and the non-protein nitrogen of urea is used for replacing plant protein raw materials such as soybean meal and the like, so that the nitrogen utilization efficiency is improved, and the feeding cost can be greatly reduced;
6) the dependence on imported vegetable protein is reduced, and the national food safety is improved;
7) in the aspect of process, the processing process is simple, the operation is easy, and the popularization is easy;
the invention provides a biological control release type urea compound, which comprises the following components: mixing and granulating urea, a floating carrier and a binder, and coating a waterproof film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm3 ，The floating carrier, the adhesive and the film can be digested and absorbed by ruminants; it is prepared by the following method: 1) mixing urea and fibrous feed raw material grass mealOr mixing the gluten feed raw materials and stearic acid according to a certain proportion and granulating; 2) heating stearic acid to a liquid state; 3) coating the granules obtained in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in a liquid state obtained in the step 2); coating for 3 times; 4) cooling to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound. The product of the invention, which has low density and rumen fluid density, can completely float on the rumen fluid along with roughage, and can keep no release or little release for 16 hours, thereby being capable of maximally utilizing the application of urea in ruminants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the floating state of a biologically controlled release urea compound feed in water;
FIG. 2 shows forage grass floating in water and urea complex in a floating meadow;
figure 3 the urea complex after mixing with forage.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A biological control release type urea compound feed comprises the following materials: urea, corn, stearic acid, grass meal (straw, alfalfa, oat, rice hull, etc.) which is a fibrous feed raw material, and gluten feed raw materials (wheat bran, oil bran, etc.);
urea or expanded urea and stearic acid are granulated by a feed granulation process, so that preparation is made for floating on one hand, and convenience is brought to field use on the other hand;
the coating film is stearic acid, and the hydrophobicity of the stearic acid is utilized to ensure that the granulated urea is not invaded by water;
the specific gravity of the biological regulation and control release type urea compound feed is less than or equal to that of rumen fluid.
A preparation method of biological regulation urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the crushed urea and the corn according to a certain weight, carrying out expansion treatment at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and cooling to prepare expanded urea;
2) mixing urea or expanded urea or fibrous feed raw material grass meal or gluten feed raw material with stearic acid according to a certain proportion, granulating, adjusting the density of the material, ensuring the floatability of the finished product and being convenient for production and use;
3) heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting stearic acid into a liquid state for spraying for later use;
4) coating the granules obtained in the step 2) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in a liquid state obtained in the step 3); coating for 3 times to ensure the integrity and uniformity of the coating;
5) and (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
Example 2
A biological control release type urea compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 42% urea, 18% corn, 40% stearic acid;
the urea and the corn are crushed to be more than 80 meshes;
the expanded urea is prepared by the following method:
1) mixing pulverized urea and semen Maydis at weight ratio of 7: 3, puffing at 100-.
A preparation method of biological regulation urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 66% of expanded urea and 34% of stearic acid, granulating and cooling for later use;
2) heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting stearic acid into a liquid state;
3) coating the granulated and cooled granules for 3 times by adopting an external spraying coating technology according to the proportion of 90 percent of granules and 10 percent of stearic acid, and ensuring the integrity and uniformity of a coating film;
4) and (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
The prepared feed was floated in water as shown in fig. 1; the nutritional indexes of the product are as follows: 120% of crude protein, 12.6% of expanded starch and 40% of fat.
Example 3
A biological control release type urea compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of urea and 55% of stearic acid;
a preparation method of biological regulation urea compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) mixing urea particles and stearic acid particles according to the proportion of 50 percent of urea and 50 percent of stearic acid, granulating and cooling for later use;
2) heating stearic acid to 90-100 ℃, and melting stearic acid into a liquid state;
3) coating the granulated and cooled granules for 3 times by adopting an external spraying coating technology according to the proportion of 90 percent of granules and 10 percent of stearic acid, and ensuring the integrity and uniformity of a coating film;
4) and (3) completely cooling the coated product to obtain the biological regulation type urea compound feed meeting the quality standard.
The prepared feed was floated in water as shown in fig. 1; the nutritional indexes of the product are as follows: the crude protein content is 128% and the fat content is 55%.
Example 4 Compound feed Release test
First, experiment of release in water
The feeds prepared in examples 2 and 3 were used as experimental samples (nos. 1 and 2), and a commercial sustained-release protein feed 1 (control 1), a commercial sustained-release protein feed 2 (control 2), and a feed disclosed in chinese patent No. cn201910510344.x "a sustained-release protein feed" (control 3) were used as controls; weighing 1.0g of each sample, respectively placing the samples into conical flasks, adding 100mL of purified water (water pH 6.6), placing the samples into a water bath shaking table, setting parameters of the shaking table to be 39 ℃ and 100rpm, sampling every 0.5h (sampling every 1h after 3 h), sucking 0.5mL of the samples by using a liquid transfer gun, and measuring the content of soluble urea in the solution by using a spectrophotometer method; the overall results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from the table, the urea is completely released into water within 3 hours in the control 1 and the control 2 protein feeds, the total release of the feed in the control 3 group is not more than 5 hours, the slow release speed is relatively fast, and the urea concentration is sequentially from large to small at 4 hours: control 1> control 2> control 3> sample 1= sample 2; the feeds prepared in the embodiments 2 and 3 of the invention are used as experimental samples (numbers 1 and 2), are not released within 16 hours, have better coating effect, and provide guarantee for realizing biological regulation and control.
Second, experiment of release degree in rumen fluid
The feeds prepared in examples 2 and 3 were used as experimental samples (nos. 1 and 2), and a commercial sustained-release protein feed 1 (control 1), a commercial sustained-release protein feed 2 (control 2), and a feed disclosed in chinese patent No. cn201910510344.x "a sustained-release protein feed" (control 3) were used as controls; weighing 1.0g of each sample, respectively placing the samples into conical flasks, adding 100mL of rumen fluid, placing the samples into a water bath shaking table, setting parameters of the shaking table to be 39 ℃, 100rpm, sampling every 0.5h (sampling every 1h after 3 h), sucking 0.5mL of the sample by using a pipette, and measuring the content of soluble urea in the solution by using a spectrophotometer method; the overall results are shown in table 2.
It can be seen from the table that, in contrast 1, urea is completely released into rumen fluid within 3 hours, in contrast 2, urea is completely released into rumen fluid within 2 hours, and in contrast 3, the total release of the feed is not more than 5 hours, the slow release speed is relatively fast, and the urea concentration is in turn from large to small at 4 hours: control 1> control 2> control 3> sample 1= sample 2; the feeds prepared in the embodiments 2 and 3 of the invention are used as experimental samples (numbers 1 and 2), are not released within 16 hours, have better coating effect, and provide guarantee for realizing biological regulation and control.
Claims (8)
1. A bioregulatory release urea complex comprising: mixing urea, floating carrier and adhesive, granulating, and coating with water-proof and water-permeable film; the specific gravity of the coated particles is less than 1g/cm3 ，The floating carrier, the adhesive and the film can be digested and absorbed by ruminants.
2. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 1 wherein: the floating carrier is fibrous feed raw material grass meal or gluten feed raw material.
3. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 2 wherein: the fibrous feed raw material grass meal is straw, alfalfa, oat and/or rice hull.
4. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 3 wherein: the gluten feed raw material is wheat bran and/or oil bran.
5. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 4 wherein: the binder is stearic acid, modified starch, flour and/or guar gum.
6. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 5 wherein: the waterproof membrane is stearic acid.
7. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 6 wherein: the urea is expanded urea.
8. The bioregulatory release urea complex according to claim 7 wherein: the biological control release type urea compound is prepared by the following method:
1) mixing urea, fibrous feed raw material grass meal or gluten feed raw material and stearic acid, and granulating;
2) heating stearic acid to a liquid state;
3) coating the granules obtained in the step 1) by a coating machine, wherein the coating is stearic acid in a liquid state obtained in the step 2); coating for 3 times;
4) cooling to obtain the biological control release urea compound.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011157649.6A CN112335791B (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Biological controlled release urea compound and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011157649.6A CN112335791B (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Biological controlled release urea compound and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113349296A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-07 | 南京农业大学 | Antibiotic-free concentrate supplement for meat sheep in fattening period and application thereof |
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