RU2800599C1 - Compound feed for store pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: used in feeding store pigs aged 2 to 6 months. Compound feed for store pigs contains barley, wheat, sunflower meal, fodder yeast, chalk, premix. Compound feed additionally contains enriched chickpea structurate, triticale grain, fish meal, soybean meal, skimmed milk substitute Fidolak, unrefined sunflower oil, protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate, monocalcium phosphate, barley without films is used as barley, premix KS-7 is used as a premix. Compound feed is fed to store pigs aged 2 to 6 months in the amount of 2.2-3.6 kg per animal per day.

EFFECT: obtaining a balanced compound feed using an alternative compound feed, as well as to increase the productivity of store pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feeding young pigs aged 2 to 6 months.

In connection with the task set by the government of the Russian Federation to replace food imports, Russia must promptly fill the food market with its products in order to reduce prices and relieve social tensions. It is important to develop our own agricultural production, to increase the most popular and affordable food products for the population of the Russian Federation, which include pig products.

Feed remains the most expensive in pig production, and producers are constantly trying to optimize rations, both in terms of price and nutritional value, so that animals can realize their genetic potential. These rations should support maximum productivity and normal animal health.

A very promising direction in the field of animal nutrition is the search for new alternative feed products.

In this regard, the problem of optimizing and improving the rationed feeding of animals is relevant, its solution will make it possible to obtain competitive high-quality environmentally friendly food products and increase the profitability of pig production.

Known feed for pigs containing barley, wheat and a premix, characterized in that it additionally contains sunflower meal, an additive containing rice husk and flour of animal origin at a ratio of 1:5, table salt, and as a premix premix P 51-1 at the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Barley - 55.5-53.5

Wheat - 22.0-21.5

Premix P 51-1 - 1.0-1.5

Sunflower meal - 9.0-0.1

Supplement containing rice husk and flour of animal origin at a ratio of 1:5 - 12-23

Salt - The rest

(Patent RF No. 2128449, published 04/10/1999).

Known feed for pigs containing barley, wheat and premix, characterized in that it additionally contains wheat bran, an additive containing peat and flour of animal origin at a ratio of 1:5, table salt, and as a premix, premix P57 1 in the following ratio components wt. %:

Barley - 40-44

Wheat - 30-35

Premix P57-1 - 0.5-1.5

Wheat bran - 9-11

Additive containing peat and flour of animal origin at a ratio of 1:5 - 7-14

Salt - The rest

(Patent RF No. 2127064, published on March 10, 1999).

Known feed for sows, including barley, wheat, sunflower meal, premix P51-1, characterized in that it additionally contains Bifidumbacterin, BAA Biobakton, red clay, chalk, activated carbon, licorice roots in the following ratio, wt. %:

barley 51.0 wheat 17.0 premix P51-1 1.0 sunflower meal 9.0 Bifidumbacterin 4.0 BAA Biobacton 1.0 clay red 4.0 chalk 4.0 Activated carbon 2.0 licorice roots 7.0

(Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2333664, published on September 20, 2008).

However, the well-known compound feed recipes have been developed for pigs whose fattening period is from 92 to 138 days, while the average daily gain was at the level of 539-719.6 grams. To date, the period of fattening of young pigs is 120 days, at which the average daily gain in live weight is 800-850 g.

The use of additives using peat and rice husks in the compound feed for pigs is difficult to obtain, which will lead to the cost of transportation costs for transporting these additives to regions where the production of its components is not developed.

For the prototype selected feed for growing pigs, including barley, wheat, peas, wheat bran, sunflower meal, fodder yeast, grass flour, precipitate, chalk, salt, premix, characterized in that it additionally contains chopped needles, currant and raspberry leaves, fish oil and sulfuric acid iron in the following ratio, wt. %:

Barley 35.0-45.0

Wheat 5.5-10.0

Peas 15.0-15.77

Wheat bran 4.5-7.0

Sunflower meal 19.0-20.5

Feed yeast 1.8-2

Herbal flour 4.0

Precipitate 1.5-1.7

Chalk 1.0

Salt 0.5

Premix 0.95-1.5

Chopped needles 0.5-1.0

Chopped currant greens 1.5-2.0

Chopped raspberry greens 1.5-2.0

Fish oil 0.7-1.0

Sulfuric acid iron 0.03-0.05

(Patent RF No. 2229826, published 06/10/2004).

However, the disadvantage of this method of feeding is the complexity of preparing chopped needles, raspberries and currants for feeding. At the same time, it is impossible to use chopped currant and raspberry greens for large pig farms.

The problem to which this invention is directed is the use in the feed industry and increase the efficiency of production of pig products by developing a new composition of feed for young pigs.

EFFECT: obtaining a balanced compound feed using an alternative feed agent, increasing the productivity of young pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the feed for young pigs containing barley, wheat, sunflower meal, fodder yeast, chalk, premix, which additionally contains enriched chickpea structurate, triticale grain, fish meal, soybean meal, skimmed milk substitute "Fidolak", oil unrefined sunflower, protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate, monocalcium phosphate, barley without films is used as barley, premix KS-7 is used as a premix, with the following ratio of components, %:

Structured chickpea enriched 9.7-18.0 Wheat 13-25.4 Barley without films 22-31.5 triticale grain 5.8-10.0 fish meal 0.5-2.0 soybean meal 4.8-10.3 sunflower meal 1.5-5.0 feed yeast 2.3-2.5 Skimmed milk substitute "Fidolak" 7.0-7.5 Sunflower oil, unrefined 0.6-2.4 Protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate 7.0-8.0 Chalk 0.2-0.6 Monocalcium phosphate 0.15-0.3 Premix KS-7 rest

at the same time, feed is fed to young pigs aged from 2 to 6 months in the amount of 2.2-3.6 kg per head per day.

The essential distinguishing features of the claimed compound feed are its qualitative and quantitative composition, its dosing per head per day for young pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months.

The period of growing young pigs from 2 to 6 months is characterized by the fact that in this phase the animals reach the peak of their productivity in terms of average daily gains in live weight. Thus, young pigs in this period are the most demanding for highly nutritious and high-calorie mixed feeds.

Not only the level of their productivity, but also the quality of meat products depends on the usefulness of feeding young pigs.

The declared quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the components are selected experimentally. The range of values provides a balanced feed for young pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months.

Reducing or increasing the specified quantitative interval entails a deterioration in the characteristics of the declared compound feed, and, therefore, will not allow to obtain the claimed technical result.

An indispensable condition for ensuring intensive physiological processes in the body of young pigs is to control the content of metabolic energy and crude protein in the feed.

Compound feed for young pigs should consist of fresh and high-quality components, without signs of spoilage and rancidity.

According to the recommendations for feeding pigs, the degree of grinding of feed included in the diet depends on the age at which the intended compound feed is fed. The particle size of the components of feed for pigs significantly affects their productivity. When preparing feed for feeding, they must be crushed to medium grinding with a particle size of 400-700 microns, since during crushing the hard shell of the grain is destroyed, and nutrients become more available for digestion, as the contact surface of feed with digestive juices increases. In addition, the crushed components of the feed mixture are better mixed with each other.

The average daily diets of experimental young pigs were developed according to detailed norms and diets for feeding farm animals (Kalashnikov A.P. et al., 2003).

Enriched chickpea structure contains a significant amount of fat, protein, which confirms its significant nutritional and energy value. The introduction of enriched chickpea structurate into the compound feed has a positive effect on the assimilation and use of nutrients in the diet of pigs, and contributes to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight.

Wheat has the same nutritional value as many cereal grains, but contains more crude protein. The content of nutrients varies over a fairly wide range, g / kg of dry matter: protein - 100-200, starch - 490-600, sugars - 15-30, cellulose - 20-30, hemicelluloses and pectins - 60-90, lipids - 15 -25, raw ash - 15-22. The use of wheat as part of compound feed helps to increase the growth energy of young pigs.

Barley without films. Barley grain consists of a grain and a membranous shell, which consists of indigestible fiber. In this regard, young pigs need to be fed barley sifted from the shells. Barley grain is 70% carbohydrates, which provides the energy needs of pigs, promotes rapid weight gain. The presence of vegetable protein in barley grains is also very important, as it helps to fully grow and develop. Also, barley grain is rich in dietary fiber, which helps to better digest and assimilate food and has protective properties for the digestive system of pigs. The composition of barley grain is enriched with various vitamins that play a role in the protective function of the body.

Triticale grain - a crop created by crossing winter wheat and rye, combines unpretentiousness to soil and climatic conditions with a fairly high yield. It has increased frost resistance (higher than that of winter wheat), resistance to fungal and viral diseases. The protein content in triticale grain is higher than that of wheat by 1-1.5% and 3-4% than that of rye, but the amount of glutenin is less. The grain also has a higher level of lysine (3.8%), contains 2-4% fat. The introduction of triticale into mixed feed for pigs increases the nutritional value of animals, which is confirmed by an increase in the absolute gains in live weight of fattened young animals.

Fishmeal is one of the best sources of animal protein. The digestibility of fishmeal is high and is up to 97%. The inclusion of fishmeal contributes to obtaining a balanced feed composition in terms of crude protein and essential amino acids for pigs, which increases their meat productivity.

Soybean meal is a protein feed that is obtained by extracting soybeans with hydrocarbon solvents. Soybean meal is a good source of energy, protein, amino acids. The use of soybean meal as part of mixed feed for pigs has a positive effect on the metabolic processes of the body, which helps to increase the average daily gain in live weight, reduce feed costs per unit of production, improve meat quality and fully satisfy the need of animals for lysine and protein.

Feed yeast is a source of vitamins B ₁ and B ₂ , protein, various nucleic acids. The use of fodder yeast as part of compound feed helps to increase the digestibility of nutrients by the body of pigs, reduces feed consumption per unit of growth.

Skimmed milk substitute "Fidolak" is a combination of milk and vegetable proteins. Its use in feed for young pigs has a stimulating effect on the biochemical parameters of blood, which is accompanied by an increase in total protein and a decrease in the concentration of urea in the blood of piglets, which indicates a more complete assimilation of amino acids in the body of animals.

Unrefined sunflower oil is a product of the processing of oilseeds, in particular sunflower. Sunflower oil contains a large amount of fats (40-60%), phosphatides, sterols, vitamins, and also has a high content of linoleic acid (50-60%), which is not synthesized in the body, but must be supplied only with food.

Protein-vitamin-mineral concentrates are feed additives to provide farm animals and poultry with a complete balanced diet. They are available in the form of homogeneous mixtures. By adding them to compound feed, they achieve high gains in live weight in young pigs.

Chalk is a type of limestone, a sedimentary rock of organic (zoogenic) origin, consisting of cryptocrystalline calcite. It is used as a feed additive that provides the necessary amount of calcium in the diet of pigs. The presence of a sufficient amount of chalk in the daily diet of animals provides them with calcium, normalizes metabolism, prevents rickets in young animals, reduces the fattening period and increases their productivity, which in turn affects the profitability of the enterprise.

Monocalcium phosphate is a white powder, which is highly soluble in water and is characterized by medium hygroscopicity. Monocalcium phosphate is used as a calcium-phosphorus additive in mixed feed, which contributes to the formation of solid bone tissue and skeleton, improves metabolism, the functioning of the nervous, immune and reproductive systems, and increases their productivity.

A premix is a homogeneous mixture of microadditives and filler, crushed to the required size, used to enrich animal feed. The use of premixes in compound feed for pigs contributes to a more balanced composition of macro- and microelements, vitamins, amino acids and other biologically active substances, which ensures the normal course of metabolic processes in the body, increases average daily live weight gain and reduces feed costs per unit of production.

The nutritional value of the declared compound feed is shown in Table 1.

Thus, a balanced feed for young pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months corresponds to the norms and diets for feeding farm animals.

Examples of specific implementation. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed compound feed, an experiment was conducted, in the conditions of the LLC "TOPAGRO" enterprise, Gorodishchensky district, Volgograd region, on young pigs aged 2 to 6 months. Experimental animals were kept in the same building in the machines without walking, separately in groups. In each experimental group, 25 heads at the age of 60 days were used. The duration of the experiment was 4 months. Young pigs were selected according to the principle of pairs-analogues in accordance with the method of A.I. Ovsyannikov, taking into account the origin, age, sex and live weight.

Compound feed was obtained by mixing the declared feed in the declared amount and fed to young pigs in the amount of 2.2-3.6 kg per head per day.

The experimental animals were fed twice with wet mash. Throughout the experiment, the live weight of young pigs was taken into account, the consumed compound feed was recorded, and the quality indicators of meat were determined. Access to water was free.

In the experimental animals, there were no deviations in clinical, physiological and hematological parameters from the physiological norm. The introduction of enriched chickpea structurate into the diet of young pigs did not lead to a negative response of the body.

The use of the claimed compound feed contributed to the improvement of zootechnical indicators and improvement of the quality indicators of the meat of young pigs. Thus, the live weight at the end of fattening was 115.7 kg, the average daily gain was at the level of 806.67 g, and the slaughter yield was 68.8%. The chemical analysis of the meat of experimental pigs showed that the protein content in the muscles was 19.52%, crude fat 14.69%, crude ash 1.00%.

Thus, the claimed compound feed using enriched chickpea structurate makes it possible to increase the productivity of young pigs in the period from 2 to 6 months.

Claims (3)

Compound feed for young pigs containing barley, wheat, sunflower meal, fodder yeast, chalk, premix, characterized in that it additionally contains enriched chickpea structure, triticale grain, fish meal, soybean meal, skimmed milk substitute "Fidolak", unrefined sunflower oil, protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate, monocalcium phosphate, barley without films is used as barley, premix KS-7 is used as a premix, with the following ratio of components, %: enriched chickpea structurate 9.7-18.0 wheat 13-25.4 barley without films 22-31.5 triticale grain 5.8-10.0 fish meal 0.5-2.0 soybean meal 4.8-10.3 sunflower meal 1.5-5.0 fodder yeast 2.3-2.5 skimmed milk substitute "Fidolak" 7.0-7.5 unrefined sunflower oil 0.6-2.4 protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate 7.0-8.0 chalk 0.2-0.6 monocalcium phosphate 0.15-0.3 premix KS-7 rest, at the same time, feed is fed to young pigs aged from 2 to 6 months in the amount of 2.2-3.6 kg per head per day.