CN107594144A - Ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea and preparation method thereof and ruminant mixed feed - Google Patents
Ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea and preparation method thereof and ruminant mixed feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea and preparation method thereof and ruminant mixed feed, it is related to technical field of animal.The sustained/controlled release urea includes urea granules from inside to outside, solidifies coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, above-mentioned solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose, and the coatings that block water mainly are made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.Ruminant feed of the present invention can substantially reduce dissolution velocity of the urea in stomach of ruminants with sustained/controlled release urea, and then the purpose slowly discharged in stomach of ruminants, not only alleviating existing common urea easily causes ruminant to produce ammonia poisoning phenomenon and existing feed urea preparation technology complexity, the problem of cost is high, ruminant is also add to the availability containing urea fodder.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of animal, more particularly, to a kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea and its
Preparation method and ruminant mixed feed.
Background technology
Protein feed resource shortage is a prominent problem in the feed industrial development of countries in the world.Various countries feed dealer
The new sources of protein are actively found, and extend to the nitrogen source beyond protein.Some Nonprotein nitrogen feeds in this case
Attention, such as the urea that nitrogen content is higher.1897, Waesk et al., which first proposed ruminant, can convert non-protein
Matter nitrogen is the idea of bacterium protein.1949, C.J.Watson et al. feeding sheep contain N15 mark urea capsule, 4 days
The protein containing N15 is verified in Blood In Sheep, liver, kidney afterwards, which demonstrate ruminant can utilize non-protein
Matter nitrogen.The same year J.K.Looli et al. as only nitrogen source feeding sheep, it is found that sheep can reach positive nitrogen equilibrium, table with urea
Microorganism in bright sheep rumen can utilize 10 kinds of essential amino acids needed for its growth of urea synthesizing.In recent years, by entering one
The research of step shows that ruminant has synthesizes nonprotein ammoniac compounds using distinctive microprotein in stomach
Feature, thus ruminant can use urea as protein.
But existing common urea water solubility is higher, very soluble in water, its solubility is 20 DEG C, 100 milliliters of water
In can dissolve 115 grams of urea.Therefore, its often quick dissolving, and then make ammonia in ruminant blood in the stomach of ruminant
Concentration increase sharply, phenomena such as easily causing ruminant to produce ammonia poisoning, animals got sick or death even occur when serious
Phenomenon.So the application of urea is not universal in existing ruminant feed, even if being applied in ruminant feed,
Also tend to need that the processing of urea aldehydes could be applied, and aldehydes processing procedure complex process, cost are high, also limit urea
Application in feed industry.
Therefore, a kind of ruminant feed that can slowly discharge in stomach of ruminants is researched and developed to be urinated with slow controlled release
Element, dissolution velocity of the urea in stomach of ruminants is reduced, not only alleviating existing common urea easily causes ruminant
The problem of generation ammonia poisoning phenomenon and the existing feed with aldehydes processing are complicated with urea preparation technology, and cost is high, also increases
Ruminant has extraordinary commercial application prospect to the availability containing urea fodder.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea bag
Include urea granules from inside to outside, solidify coatings and the coatings that block water.The sustained/controlled release urea can substantially reduce urea anti-
Dissolution velocity in hay animal stomach, and then the purpose slowly discharged in stomach of ruminants, not only alleviate existing general
Logical urea easily causes ruminant generation ammonia poisoning phenomenon and the existing feed handled with aldehydes to be answered with urea preparation technology
It is miscellaneous, the problem of cost is high, ruminant is also add to the availability containing urea fodder.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the preparation
Method does not need complicated chemical reaction and special Preparation equipment, the method coated using only physics in whole preparation process
Prepared, there is the advantages of preparation technology is simple, and production cost is low.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ruminant mixed feed, and the ruminant mixed feed includes upper
Ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea is stated, existing common urea is effectively alleviated and is added as non-protein nitrogen source in feed
The problem of easily causing ruminant to produce ammonia poisoning, meanwhile, reduce the feeding cost of ruminant.
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea provided by the invention, the sustained/controlled release urea are included from inside to outside
Urea granules, solidify coatings and the coatings that block water；
Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described block water coatings mainly by
Hydrogenated vegetable oil forms.
Further, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by mass percentage, including urea granules 80~
90%th, stearic acid 3~5%, ethyl cellulose 5~10% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 2~10%.
Further, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by mass percentage, including urea granules 82~
87%th, stearic acid 3~4%, ethyl cellulose 6~7% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 3~8%.
Further, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by mass percentage, including urea granules
87%th, stearic acid 3%, ethyl cellulose 6% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 4%.
Further, above-mentioned urea granules were the spherical and/or rod-shpaed particle after 16~60 mesh sieves；
Preferably, above-mentioned urea granules are the spherical and/or rod-shpaed particle of smooth outer surface.
Further, the viscosity of above-mentioned ethyl cellulose is 6~100cps.
Preferably, the viscosity of ethyl cellulose is 10~20cps.
It is furthermore preferred that the viscosity of ethyl cellulose is 15cps.
Further, above-mentioned hydrogenated vegetable oil is any one in oil with hydrogenated soybean, hydrogenated rapeseed oil or hydrogenated palm oil
Kind or at least two combination.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea provided by the invention, comprises the following steps：
By urea granules be warming up to stearic acid it is molten away from fine melt temperature more than 10~25 DEG C, then sequentially add stearic acid and
Ethyl cellulose is sufficiently mixed with urea granules and carries out cured layer coating, and it is molten away from temperature range to be then cooled to hydrogenated vegetable oil
It is interior, add hydrogenated vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, finally cool, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea；
Preferably, it is stearic molten away from for 67 DEG C~72 DEG C；
Preferably, hydrogenated vegetable oil is molten away from for 45 DEG C~70 DEG C.
Further, the preparation method of above-mentioned ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Urea granules are warming up to 85 DEG C~95 DEG C, stearic acid and ethyl cellulose is then sequentially added and is filled with urea granules
Divide to mix and carry out cured layer coating, be then cooled to 45 DEG C~70 DEG C, add hydrogenated vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, certainly finally
So cooling, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
A kind of ruminant mixed feed provided by the invention, the ruminant mixed feed are dynamic including above-mentioned ruminating
Thing feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Ruminant feed provided by the invention includes urea granules from inside to outside, solidification coatings with sustained/controlled release urea
With the coatings that block water；Wherein, above-mentioned solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose, fine by stearic acid and ethyl
The solidification coatings that dimension element is formed have the characteristics of coatings are firm, and its resistance effect is strong, so as to reach the effect of sustained release,
Simultaneously as there is the characteristics of firm coatings to be allowed to be not easy to be worn and cause quick release in the cud of ox for it；On
State the coatings that block water mainly to be made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil, its coatings formed is slow in the present invention similar to a kind of structure of wax
The outermost layer of control release urea forms a smooth surface, hinders the infiltration of moisture and reaches the effect of sustained release.The present invention ruminates
Animal feed can substantially reduce dissolution velocity of the urea in stomach of ruminants with sustained/controlled release urea, and then dynamic ruminating
The purpose slowly discharged in thing stomach, not only alleviate existing common urea easily cause ruminant produce ammonia poisoning phenomenon with
And the problem of existing feed with aldehydes processing is complicated with urea preparation technology, and cost is high, ruminant is also add to containing urine
The availability of plain feed.
The preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea provided by the invention, the preparation method were prepared entirely
Prepared by chemical reaction and special Preparation equipment, the method coated using only physics that need not be complicated in journey, have system
The advantages of standby technique is simple, and production cost is low.
A kind of ruminant mixed feed provided by the invention, the ruminant mixed feed are raised including above-mentioned ruminant
Material sustained/controlled release urea, effectively alleviating existing common urea and being added as non-protein nitrogen source in feed easily causes to ruminate
Animal produces the problem of ammonia poisoning, meanwhile, reduce the feeding cost of ruminant.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiment, it is clear that described reality
It is part of the embodiment of the present invention to apply example, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include
Urea granules from inside to outside, solidify coatings and the coatings that block water；
Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described block water coatings mainly by
Hydrogenated vegetable oil forms.
In the present invention, the urea granules form for common urea, as the phosphoamide without any processing.The urea
Grain is highly soluble in water, dissolvable 105 grams in 100 milliliters of water at 20 DEG C, meanwhile, it can rapid water in the presence of acid, alkali, enzyme
Solution generation ammonia and carbon dioxide.
In the present invention, the stearic acid is also known as octadecanoic acid, is the hard fat obtained in a kind of driven, vegetable fat
Acid, it is nontoxic to animal, there is the characteristic for being slightly soluble in water, the solidification coatings using its preparation can not only reach good figuration
Effect, simultaneously because it is slightly soluble in the characteristic of water, also there is very strong resistance effect.
In the present invention, the ethyl cellulose has the function that very strong bonding, filling, film forming as a kind of adhesive,
Ethyl cellulose is alternatively arranged as skeleton structure to increase the intensity of present invention solidification coatings simultaneously.
In the present invention, the hydrogenated vegetable oil be add hydrogen catalysis under certain temperature and pressure by common vegetable oil and
Into a kind of artificial grease.Vegetable oil hardness increase through over hydrogenation, keeps the shape of solid, plasticity, amalgamation are all
Enhancing, the present invention can form one by the use of hydrogenated vegetable oil as the coatings that block water in the outermost layer of sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention
Individual smooth wax surface, hinders the infiltration of moisture.
Ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention is including urea granules from inside to outside, solidification coatings and blocks water
Coatings；Wherein, the solidification coatings formed by stearic acid and ethyl cellulose have the characteristics of coatings are firm, its work that blocks water
With strong, so as to reach the effect of sustained release, simultaneously as there is the characteristics of firm coatings to be allowed in the cud of ox for it
It is not easy to be worn and causes quick release；The coatings that block water being made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil, its coatings formed are similar a kind of
The structure of wax, a smooth surface is formed in the outermost layer of sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention, the infiltration of moisture is hindered and reaches
The effect of sustained release.
By above-mentioned solidification coatings from inside to outside and the ruminant of the present invention made from coatings two-layered coating that blocks water
Feed can substantially reduce dissolution velocity of the urea in stomach of ruminants with sustained/controlled release urea, and then in stomach of ruminants
In the purpose that slowly discharges, not only alleviating existing common urea easily causes ruminant to produce ammonia poisoning phenomenon and existing
The problem of feed of useful aldehydes processing is complicated with urea preparation technology, and cost is high, also add ruminant to being raised containing urea
The availability of material.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by quality percentage
Number meter, including urea granules 80~90%, stearic acid 3~5%, ethyl cellulose 5~10% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 2~10%.
In the present invention, above-mentioned urea granules typical but non-limiting content in sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention is：80%th,
81%th, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% or 90%.
In the present invention, above-mentioned stearic acid typical but non-limiting content in sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention is：3%th, 4%
Or 5%.
In the present invention, above-mentioned stearic acid typical but non-limiting content in sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention is：5%th,
6%th, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%.
In the present invention, above-mentioned hydrogenated vegetable oil typical but non-limiting content in sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention is：
2%th, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by quality percentage
Number meter, including urea granules 82~87%, stearic acid 3~4%, ethyl cellulose 6~7% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 3~8%.
In above-mentioned preferred embodiment, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by mass percentage, including
Urea granules 87%, stearic acid 3%, ethyl cellulose 6% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 4%.
In the present invention, by the further adjustment and optimization to each component raw material dosage ratio, so as to further optimize
The effect of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned urea granules be spherical after 16~60 mesh sieves and/or
Rod-shpaed particle；
As a preferred embodiment, the spherical and/or bar-shaped urea granules crossed after 16~60 mesh sieves are more beneficial for
The preparation of later stage sustained/controlled release urea, meanwhile, short grained urea granules are more favorable to digesting and assimilating for ruminant.
Preferably, above-mentioned urea granules be smooth outer surface spherical and/or rod-shpaed particle, the smooth urea granules in surface
Be advantageous to solidify coatings and be prepared by the cladding for the coatings that block water.
It is furthermore preferred that above-mentioned urea granules are the spherical particle of smooth outer surface.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the viscosity of above-mentioned ethyl cellulose is 6~100cps.
In present invention solidification coatings, the difference of ethyl cellulose viscosity can cause sustained/controlled release urea solidification coating of the present invention
The difference of layer solubility in ruminant tumor gastric, and then the release speed to sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention in ruminant tumor gastric
Degree has an impact.
Preferably, the viscosity of ethyl cellulose is 10~20cps.
It is furthermore preferred that the viscosity of ethyl cellulose is 15cps.
As a preferred embodiment, the viscosity of ethyl cellulose is too high solidification coatings can be caused excessively firm,
The phenomenon for causing urea to be absorbed by ruminant can not be effectively dissolved in ruminant tumor gastric, and ethyl cellulose is viscous
Spend low, again sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention can be caused quickly to be dissolved in ruminant tumor gastric, do not reach slow controlled release effect accordingly
Fruit.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned hydrogenated vegetable oil be oil with hydrogenated soybean, hydrogenated rapeseed oil or
In hydrogenated palm oil any one or at least two combination.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, including it is following
Step：
By urea granules be warming up to stearic acid it is molten away from fine melt temperature more than 10~25 DEG C, then sequentially add stearic acid and
Ethyl cellulose is sufficiently mixed with urea granules and carries out cured layer coating, and it is molten away from temperature range to be then cooled to hydrogenated vegetable oil
It is interior, add hydrogenated vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea；
Preferably, it is stearic molten away from for 67 DEG C~72 DEG C.The stearic just solubility temperature is 67 DEG C, and full solubility temperature is
72℃。
Preferably, hydrogenated vegetable oil is molten away from for 45 DEG C~70 DEG C.The first solubility temperature of the hydrogenated vegetable oil is 67 DEG C, entirely
Solubility temperature is 72 DEG C.
In the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, by the way that urea granules are warming up to
Stearic acid it is molten away from fine melt temperature more than 10~25 DEG C, then add stearic acid, stearic acid thawing of being heated is wrapped in urea surface
After add ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is blended in urea surface by the stearic acid adhesion of heated thawing and forms solidification coating
Layer；Then it is cooled to that hydrogenated vegetable oil is molten to be formed by curing the coatings that block water away from adding hydrogenated vegetable oil in temperature range；Certainly finally
So cooling, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.Preparation method of the present invention has preparation technology simple, and production cost is low
The advantages of, the method that physics cladding is used only in preparation process is prepared to ruminant feed with sustained/controlled release urea, entirely
Need not complicated chemical reaction and special Preparation equipment in preparation process.
Preferably, the urea granules temperature-rise period is to be heated up using air-flow heating.The present invention uses air-flow heating
Carrying out heating can make heating is heated to be more uniformly distributed, and avoid bonding unnecessary in preparation process, and then have final products
Better quality.
Preferably, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea is in roller drier, coating pan, seed-coating machine or centrifugation bag
Prepared in clothing machine.
It is furthermore preferred that the ruminant feed is prepared with sustained/controlled release urea in seed-coating machine is centrifuged.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea,
Comprise the following steps：
Urea granules are warming up to 85 DEG C~95 DEG C, stearic acid and ethyl cellulose is then sequentially added and is filled with urea granules
Divide to mix and carry out cured layer coating, be then cooled to 45 DEG C~70 DEG C, add hydrogenated vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, certainly finally
So cooling, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of ruminant mixed feed, the ruminant mixed feed include upper
The ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea stated.
It is above-mentioned effectively to be alleviated with the ruminant mixed feed of sustained/controlled release urea including ruminant feed in the present invention
Existing common urea is added in feed as non-protein nitrogen source the problem of easily causing ruminant to produce ammonia poisoning, together
When, the feeding cost of ruminant is reduced, adds ruminant to the availability containing urea fodder.
Technical scheme is described further below in conjunction with embodiment and comparative example.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 90%, stearic acid
3%th, ethyl cellulose 5% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 2%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 85 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 70 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 80%, stearic acid
5%th, ethyl cellulose 5% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 10%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 95 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 45 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Embodiment 3
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 80%, stearic acid
5%th, ethyl cellulose 10% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 5%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 89 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 60 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Embodiment 4
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 84%, stearic acid
4%th, ethyl cellulose 8% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 4%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 87 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 50 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Embodiment 5
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 87%, stearic acid
3%th, ethyl cellulose 6% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 4%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 90 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 55 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Comparative example 1
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea is including urea granules from inside to outside and admittedly
Change coatings；The solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 87%, stearic acid
5% and ethyl cellulose 8%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 90 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Comparative example 2
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid；It is described block water coatings mainly by
Hydrogenated vegetable oil forms.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 87%, stearic acid
5% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 8%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 90 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, 55 DEG C is cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into
In the urea of rotary rolling, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, ruminant feed is made and uses and delays
Control release urea.
Comparative example 3
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 88%, stearic acid
2%th, ethyl cellulose 4% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 6%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 90 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 55 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Comparative example 4
A kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, the sustained/controlled release urea include urea granules from inside to outside, solid
Change coatings and the coatings that block water；Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；It is described to block water
Coatings are mainly made up of hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Above-mentioned sustained/controlled release urea, it is by mass percentage, main composed of the following components：Urea granules 80%, stearic acid
6%th, ethyl cellulose 12% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 2%.
A kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, comprises the following steps：
Above-mentioned urea granules are added in centrifugation seed-coating machine, rotating disk 100rpm, air-flow heating, are warming up to 90 DEG C；Then
Stearic acid is added, after the heated thawing of stearic acid is wrapped in urea granules surface, adds ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose is melted
The stearic acid adhesion of change is blended in urea granules surface；Then 55 DEG C are cooled to, hydrogenated palm oil is poured into rotary rolling
In urea, hydrogenated palm oil melts enwrapped granule surface；Last Temperature fall, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
Experimental example 1
To show ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea of the present invention, dissolving of the urea in stomach of ruminants can be reduced
Speed, there is good slow release effect.
The existing special ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea for preparing above-described embodiment 1~5 and comparative example 1~4, carries out body
Outer dissolution rate contrast experiment, specific experiment method are：The slow control of above-described embodiment 1~5 and the preparation of comparative example 1~4 is weighed respectively
5 grams of urea is released, is put into 500ml PH6.8 phosphate buffers, 37 DEG C of constant temperature stir water-bath, 100 revs/min of mixing speed, mould
Environment in imitative stomach of ruminants, control group are then detected using common urea.
Meanwhile detection is sampled at different time points, determine the burst size of urea.Testing result is as shown in the table：
As seen from the above table, the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea of the embodiment of the present invention 1~5 delays in PH6.8 phosphate
There is extraordinary sustained release efficiency in fliud flushing, slow-release time can reach 24 hours, its slow release effect apparently higher than comparative example 1~
4 urea prepared, and the common urea in control group is 99.99% in the dissolution rate of 2 hours, urea is almost completely dissolved, root
This does not have slow release effect.
Compared with comparative example 1 not comprising the urea for the coatings that block water, the slow-release time of urea prepared by comparative example 1 is only
It can reach 12 hours or so, the slow release effect of sustained/controlled release urea prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~5 is made apparently higher than comparative example 1
Standby urea.
Compared with solidifying with comparative example 2 and not including the urea of ethyl cellulose in coatings, the urea of the preparation of comparative example 2
Slow-release time be also only 12 hours or so, the embodiment of the present invention 1~5 prepare sustained/controlled release urea slow release effect apparently higher than
Urea prepared by comparative example 2.
By being contrasted with comparative example 3, when the mass percent of stearic acid of the present invention and ethyl cellulose is less than this hair
During bright mass percent, its slow-release time is only capable of reaching 18 hours, and its slow release effect is prepared far below the embodiment of the present invention 1~5
Sustained/controlled release urea.
By the contrast with comparative example 4, when the mass percent of stearic acid of the present invention and ethyl cellulose is higher than the present invention
During mass percent, sustained/controlled release urea phase that the slow release effect of the sustained/controlled release urea prepared is prepared with the embodiment of the present invention 1~5
It is poor little.Accordingly, it is considered to economy is arrived, when stearic acid 3~5%, ethyl cellulose 5~10%, you can reach good effect
Fruit.
In summary, ruminant feed of the present invention can substantially reduce urea in stomach of ruminants with sustained/controlled release urea
Dissolution velocity, it is easy not only to alleviate existing common urea and then the purpose slowly discharged in stomach of ruminants
Cause the problem of ruminant produces ammonia poisoning phenomenon and existing feed urea preparation technology is complicated, and cost is high, also increase
Availability of the ruminant to the feed containing sustained/controlled release urea is added.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea, it is characterised in that the sustained/controlled release urea includes urine from inside to outside
Crude granule, solidify coatings and the coatings that block water；
Wherein, the solidification coatings are mainly made up of stearic acid and ethyl cellulose；The coatings that block water are mainly by hydrogenating
Vegetable oil forms.
2. ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage,
Including urea granules 80~90%, stearic acid 3~5%, ethyl cellulose 5~10% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 2~10%.
3. ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage,
Including urea granules 82~87%, stearic acid 3~4%, ethyl cellulose 6~7% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 3~8%.
4. ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage,
Including urea granules 87%, stearic acid 3%, ethyl cellulose 6% and hydrogenated vegetable oil 4%.
5. the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that the urine
Crude granule was the spherical and/or rod-shpaed particle after 16~60 mesh sieves；
Preferably, the urea granules are the spherical and/or rod-shpaed particle of smooth outer surface.
6. the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that the second
The viscosity of base cellulose is 6~100cps；
Preferably, the viscosity of the ethyl cellulose is 10~20cps；
It is furthermore preferred that the viscosity of the ethyl cellulose is 15cps.
7. the ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that the hydrogen
Change vegetable oil is the combination of any one or at least two in oil with hydrogenated soybean, hydrogenated rapeseed oil or hydrogenated palm oil.
8. a kind of preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to any one of claim 1~7, it is special
Sign is, comprises the following steps：
By urea granules be warming up to stearic acid it is molten away from fine melt temperature more than 10~25 DEG C, then sequentially add stearic acid and ethyl
Cellulose is sufficiently mixed with urea granules and carries out cured layer coating, is then cooled to hydrogenated vegetable oil and melts away from the range of, adds hydrogen
Change vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, finally cool, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea；
Preferably, it is described stearic molten away from for 67 DEG C~72 DEG C；
Preferably, the hydrogenated vegetable oil is molten away from for 45 DEG C~70 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea according to claim 8, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
Urea granules are warming up to 85 DEG C~95 DEG C, it is fully mixed with urea granules then to sequentially add stearic acid and ethyl cellulose
Close and carry out cured layer coating, be then cooled to 45 DEG C~70 DEG C, add hydrogenated vegetable oil and carry out water blocking layer coating, finally drop naturally
Temperature, obtained ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea.
10. a kind of ruminant mixed feed, it is characterised in that the ruminant mixed feed includes claim 1~7 times
Ruminant feed sustained/controlled release urea described in one.
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