CN114568594A - Additive for slow-release nitrogen source feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive for slow-release nitrogen source feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568594A CN114568594A CN202210309536.6A CN202210309536A CN114568594A CN 114568594 A CN114568594 A CN 114568594A CN 202210309536 A CN202210309536 A CN 202210309536A CN 114568594 A CN114568594 A CN 114568594A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
- A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an additive for slowly releasing nitrogen source feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% -90% of core material; 9.5 to 25 percent of main coating wall material; 0.5 to 5 percent of slow release agent, and uniformly covering the main coating wall material and the mixed coating solution of the slow release agent on the surface of the urea granules during coating and drying to obtain the slow release nitrogen source feed additive. The invention realizes the slow release of the urea in the rumen of the ruminant by a slow release technology, thereby avoiding ammonia poisoning caused by the over-fast release of the urea; according to the invention, different slow release curves can be obtained by adding different slow release agents, so that different slow release requirements are met; the slow-release nitrogen source has good palatability, does not influence the protein metabolism process in the ruminant body, and can replace part of protein feed in the daily ration of the ruminant, thereby reducing the feeding cost and saving resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to an additive for a nitrogen source slow-release feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The protein is one of indispensable nutrient substances for animal breeding and plays an extremely important role in healthy growth of animals. In recent years, with the rapid development of ruminant breeding industry, the demand for protein feed is also increasing. However, the lack of protein feed in China mainly depends on import to meet the culture requirement. According to statistics, the imported quantity of soybeans in China reaches up to 1 hundred million tons in 2020, and protein feed from the soybean is expensive, so that the healthy development of the livestock breeding industry is severely restricted.
Research shows that non-protein nitrogen can be decomposed into ammonia by rumen microorganisms, and finally, the formed mycoprotein is absorbed and utilized by the small intestine of the ruminant. The urea belongs to a form of non-protein nitrogen, has high nitrogen content, has the nutritional value equivalent to 2.6kg of crude protein and 7kg of protein contained in soybean meal under the action of rumen microorganisms, has low price, and is an ideal raw material for replacing part of protein feed in daily ration. After entering the rumen of the ruminant, the urea is released quickly and decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide by rumen urease, a part of the ammonia is utilized by rumen microorganisms to form amino acid, and finally mycoprotein is formed for absorption and utilization by small intestines. The redundant ammonia enters the liver from the blood through the wall of the tumor stomach, and a part of the redundant ammonia is reformed into urea and finally discharged out of the body, so that the environment is harmed; when the concentration of ammonia is higher than the detoxifying function of the liver, this part of ammonia enters the peripheral blood, raising the blood ammonia concentration and finally causing ammonia poisoning. Therefore, when urea is directly mixed in daily ration, the urea must be fed for a plurality of times in a small amount to prevent ammonia poisoning, which brings inconvenience to feeding. Based on this, slowing the release rate of urea in the rumen of ruminants is a problem that is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, and provides an additive for a slow-release nitrogen source feed and a preparation method thereof, which are used for replacing part of protein feed in the daily ration of ruminants and reducing the breeding cost; improving the palatability of urea; the slow release of urea in the rumen of the ruminant is ensured, and ammonia poisoning is avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
an additive for a nitrogen source slow-release feed, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70% -90% of core material; 9.5 to 25 percent of main coating wall material; 0.5 to 5 percent of sustained release agent.
Preferably, the core material is feed urea particles, and the nitrogen content is 46%.
Preferably, the main coating wall material is hydrogenated palm oil and/or palm fat powder.
Preferably, the slow release agent is one or more of isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and methyl salicylate.
Preferably, the slow release agent accounts for 5-20% of the main coating wall material in percentage by weight.
Preferably, the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing the main coating wall material and the sustained-release agent to obtain a coating solution, covering the surface of the core material with the coating solution, and drying.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing urea particles, a main coating wall material and a sustained release agent;
(2) adding the main coating wall material into a melting tank, stirring and heating to 80-100 ℃ to completely melt the main coating wall material, then adding the sustained-release agent, stirring, and mixing to obtain a coating solution;
(3) adding the urea particles into a coating machine, and fluidizing the urea particles in the coating machine;
(4) and spraying the coating solution on the surface of urea particles through a spray gun, and drying to obtain the additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed.
Preferably, in the step (3), the urea particles pass through a 6-20-mesh screen.
Preferably, in the step (4), the coating process parameters are as follows: the spraying speed is 1 rpm-10 rpm; the atomization temperature is 70-90 ℃; the atomization pressure is 0.1-0.3 Mpa; the air inlet temperature is 40-60 ℃; the frequency of the induced draft fan is 26 Hz-48 Hz.
The additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed realizes the slow release of urea in the rumen of the ruminant through a slow-release technology, and avoids ammonia poisoning caused by over-quick release of the urea; according to the invention, different slow release curves can be obtained by adding different slow release agents, so that different slow release requirements are met; the slow-release nitrogen source has good palatability, does not influence the protein metabolism process in the ruminant body, and can replace part of protein feed in the daily ration of the ruminant, thereby reducing the feeding cost and saving resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the sustained release profiles of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1, 2, and uncoated urea granules in a simulated rumen environment in vitro.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the sustained release profiles of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1, 2 and uncoated urea granules in a fistula bovine rumen environment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides an additive for slowly releasing nitrogen source feed, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% -90% of core material; 9.5 to 25 percent of main coating wall material; 0.5-5% of slow release agent, uniformly covering the surface of the urea particles with the mixed coating solution of the main coating wall material and the slow release agent during coating, drying, and uniformly mixing the vegetable oil and the slow release agent to coat the urea particles to obtain the slow release nitrogen source. The obtained slow-release nitrogen source particles are uniformly mixed and coated by the vegetable oil and the slow-release agent, so that the palatability of the urea can be obviously improved, the release rate of the urea in the rumen of the ruminant is obviously reduced, and ammonia poisoning is avoided.
In some embodiments, the core material is feed urea granules, and the nitrogen content is 46%.
In some embodiments, the main coating wall materials comprise hydrogenated palm oil and palm fat powder, are economic and efficient feed energy sources, can effectively improve the negative energy balance state of ruminants, and have no adverse effect on rumen microbial activity.
In some embodiments, the sustained release agent is one or more of isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and methyl salicylate, and the slow release agent has weak fragrance, so that the palatability of urea can be obviously improved, and the feed intake of ruminants can be increased. The substances are added into the main coating wall material to coat the urea, so that the coating film adhesion degree is increased, and the problem that the slow-release urea coating film is damaged due to rumen friction of ruminants, so that the urea is released too fast, is solved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing urea particles, a main coating wall material and a sustained release agent;
(2) adding the main coating wall material into a melting tank, stirring and heating to 80-100 ℃ to completely melt the main coating wall material, then slowly adding the corresponding sustained-release agent, and fully stirring to obtain a uniformly mixed coating solution;
(3) adding urea particles into a coating machine, and adjusting proper technological parameters to ensure that urea is fully fluidized in the coating machine;
(4) and spraying the prepared mixed coating solution on the surface of urea through a spray gun, and drying to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source feed additive.
In the step (3), the urea particles are screened by a screen with 6-20 meshes; the coating process parameters in the step (4) comprise the spray speed of 1 rpm-10 rpm; the atomization temperature is 70-90 ℃; the atomization pressure is 0.1 Mpa-0.3 Mpa; the air inlet temperature is 40-60 ℃; the frequency of the induced draft fan is 26 Hz-48 Hz.
In order to more clearly describe the technical contents of the present invention, the following further description is given in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Example 1
The additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed comprises a core material, a main coating wall material and a slow-release agent, wherein the core material is urea particles (the nitrogen content is 46%). The urea granule comprises 87% of urea granules, 13% of coating wall materials and the coating wall materials comprise main coating wall materials and a sustained-release agent. Wherein the main coating wall material is hydrogenated palm oil with the content of 90 percent; the slow release agent is ethyl butyrate with the content of 10 percent.
Weighing 29.25kg of hydrogenated palm oil, heating to about 90 ℃ to completely melt the hydrogenated palm oil, adding 3.25kg of ethyl butyrate, and fully stirring to completely and uniformly mix the mixture to obtain the mixed coating solution.
After passing through a 6-20-mesh screen, 217.50kg of urea particles are weighed and placed in a coating machine, and the induced air frequency is set to be 26-28 Hz, so that the urea particles are fully fluidized in the coating machine.
Setting the atomization temperature to be 80 ℃ and the air inlet temperature to be 50 ℃, after the actual air inlet temperature reaches the set air inlet temperature, conveying the mixed coating liquid to a coating machine through a spray gun to coat urea particles, wherein the spraying speed is 3rpm, the atomization pressure is 0.1Mpa, the induced air frequency is 26-30 Hz, and the coating time is 20-30 min. After the coating is finished, the particles are collected and sieved to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source.
Example 2
The additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed comprises a core material, a main coating wall material and a slow-release agent, wherein the core material is urea particles (the nitrogen content is 46%). The urea particle comprises 87% of urea particles and 13% of coating wall materials in percentage by weight, wherein the coating wall materials comprise main coating wall materials and sustained-release agents. Wherein the main coating wall material is hydrogenated palm oil with the content of 90 percent; the slow release agent is methyl salicylate with the content of 10 percent.
Weighing 29.25kg of hydrogenated palm oil, heating to about 90 ℃ to completely melt the hydrogenated palm oil, adding 3.25kg of methyl salicylate, and fully stirring to completely and uniformly mix the methyl salicylate and the methyl salicylate to obtain a mixed coating solution.
After passing through a 6-20-mesh screen, 217.50kg of urea particles are weighed and placed in a fluidized bed, and the induced air frequency is set to be 30-33 Hz, so that the urea particles are fully fluidized in the fluidized bed.
Setting the atomization temperature to be 80 ℃ and the air inlet temperature to be 53 ℃, and after the actual air inlet temperature reaches the set air inlet temperature, conveying the mixed coating liquid into the fluidized bed through a spray gun to coat urea particles, wherein the spraying speed is 3rpm, the atomization pressure is 0.1Mpa, the induced air frequency is 30-35 Hz, and the coating time is 20-30 min. After the coating is finished, the particles are collected and sieved to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source.
Example 3
The additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed comprises a core material, a main coating wall material and a slow-release agent, wherein the core material is urea particles (the nitrogen content is 46%). The urea particle comprises 87% of urea particles and 13% of coating wall materials in percentage by weight, wherein the coating wall materials comprise main coating wall materials and sustained-release agents. Wherein the main coating wall materials are hydrogenated palm oil and palm fat powder, the content of the hydrogenated palm oil is 63 percent, and the content of the palm fat powder is 27 percent; the slow release agent is ethyl butyrate and methyl salicylate, wherein the content of ethyl butyrate is 5%, and the content of methyl salicylate is 5%.
Weighing 20.48kg of hydrogenated palm oil and 7.77kg of palm fat powder, heating to about 90 ℃ to completely melt the palm oil and the palm fat powder, adding 1.625kg of ethyl butyrate and 1.625kg of methyl salicylate, and fully stirring to completely and uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a mixed coating solution.
After passing through a 6-20-mesh screen, 217.50kg of urea particles are weighed and placed in a coating machine, and the induced air frequency is set to be 35-38 Hz, so that the urea particles are fully fluidized in the coating machine.
Setting the atomization temperature to be 80 ℃ and the air inlet temperature to be 51 ℃, after the actual air inlet temperature reaches the set air inlet temperature, conveying the mixed coating liquid to a coating machine through a spray gun to coat urea particles, wherein the spraying speed is 3rpm, the atomization pressure is 0.1Mpa, the induced air frequency is 35-40 Hz, and the coating time is 20-30 min. After the coating is finished, the particles are collected and sieved to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source.
Comparative example 1
The weight percentage of the urea particles is 87 percent, and the coating wall material is 13 percent. Wherein the coating wall material comprises hydrogenated palm oil with the content of 90%; tween 80 with a content of 10%.
Weighing 29.25kg of hydrogenated palm oil, heating to about 90 ℃ to completely melt the hydrogenated palm oil, adding 3.25kg of Tween 80, and fully stirring to mix the mixture to obtain the mixed coating solution.
After passing through a 6-20-mesh screen, 217.50kg of urea particles are weighed and placed in a coating machine, and the induced air frequency is set to be 35-38 Hz, so that the urea particles are fully fluidized in the coating machine.
Setting the atomization temperature to be 80 ℃ and the air inlet temperature to be 50 ℃, after the actual air inlet temperature reaches the set air inlet temperature, conveying the mixed coating liquid to a coating machine through a spray gun to coat urea particles, wherein the spraying speed is 3rpm, the atomization pressure is 0.1Mpa, the induced air frequency is 35-40 Hz, and the coating time is 20-30 min. After the coating is finished, the particles are collected and sieved to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source.
Comparative example 2
The weight percentage of the urea particles is 87 percent, and the coating wall material is 13 percent. Wherein the coating wall material comprises hydrogenated palm oil with the content of 90 percent; span 80, content 10%.
Weighing 29.25kg of hydrogenated palm oil, heating to about 90 ℃ to completely melt the hydrogenated palm oil, adding 3.25kg of span 80, and fully stirring to mix the mixture to obtain the mixed coating solution.
After passing through a 6-20-mesh screen, 217.50kg of urea particles are weighed and placed in a coating machine, and the induced air frequency is set to be 35-38 Hz, so that the urea particles are fully fluidized in the coating machine.
Setting the atomization temperature to be 80 ℃ and the air inlet temperature to be 50 ℃, after the actual air inlet temperature reaches the set air inlet temperature, conveying the mixed coating liquid to a coating machine through a spray gun to coat urea particles, wherein the spraying speed is 3rpm, the atomization pressure is 0.1Mpa, the induced air frequency is 35-40 Hz, and the coating time is 20-30 min. After the coating is finished, the particles are collected and sieved to obtain the slow-release nitrogen source.
The examples 1 to 3, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 were left at room temperature for 2 weeks, and the degree of adhesion of the coating film was preliminarily evaluated by the sense of touch, and the results were as follows:
| experimental group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Phenomenon(s) | Integrity of the coating | Integrity of the coating | Integrity of the coating | The coat partially falls off | The coat film is partially peeled off |
After the samples in the groups of examples 1-3 are placed for 2 weeks at room temperature, the hand-rubbing film is complete, while the hand-rubbing films in the samples in the comparative examples 1 and 2 have a shedding phenomenon, namely, the coating film has good fitting degree after the sustained-release agent is added into the coating wall material.
Example 4
The slow release rates of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1, 2 and uncoated urea granules were compared using an in vitro rumen environment simulation experiment and a fistulated cattle experiment.
1. In vitro rumen environment simulation experiment
Accurately measuring 700mL of pure water in a dissolution tank of a dissolution instrument, setting the temperature at 39 ℃ and the rotating speed at 75r/min, and simulating rumen environmental conditions; and respectively weighing 5.00g of the urea granules in the embodiments 1-3, the comparative examples 1 and 2 and the uncoated urea granules in an dissolution tank, respectively sampling 10mL of the urea granules after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 36h, measuring the nitrogen content in the sample by using a Kjeldahl apparatus, and calculating the slow release rate. The sustained release rate profile is shown in figure 1.
The results show that the slow release rate of the uncoated urea granules is as high as about 97% after 2h, and the uncoated urea granules are completely released after 4 h. As can be seen from the slow release rates of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the slow release effect of the coating wall material added with the emulsifier is poor. From the slow release rates of the embodiments 1 to 3, the slow release effect of the slow release agent methyl salicylate is superior to that of ethyl butyrate under the condition of the same addition amount, the slow release effect of the coating oil compounding and slow release agent compounding formula is slightly superior to that of a single oil and a single slow release agent coating, several groups of coating formulas have good slow release effects, urea particles are completely released after 36 hours, and a certain slow release effect can be achieved after the urea particles are coated by any coating wall material and slow release agent.
2. Fistulization of cattle
Selecting Chinese Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula, preparing into nylon bags of 8cm × 16cm with 300 mesh nylon cloth, balancing in rumen for 24h before use, taking out, cleaning, oven drying at 65 deg.C to constant weight, and recording mass. Weighing 5g of the urea particles in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1 and 2 and uncoated urea particles at the bottom of a nylon bag with known quality respectively, detecting the nitrogen content A1, fixing 6 nylon bags containing the urea particles in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1 and 2 and uncoated urea particles on each plastic hose, taking out and washing with tap water after 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 36 hours respectively by fixing the plastic hoses on rumen abdominal sac chyme after feeding for 2 hours in the morning, and lightly stroking the bags with hands in the washing process without washing until the water is clear. And (3) placing the washed nylon bag in a 65 ℃ oven to be dried to constant weight, and detecting the nitrogen content A2 of the sample.
The sustained release rate was (A1-A2)/A1X 100%
The sustained release rate profile is shown in figure 2. The results show that uncoated urea granules released up to around 99% after 2h and all released after 4 h. As can be seen from the slow release rate curves of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, the experimental result of feeding fistulated cattle is consistent with the result of the slow release rate curve of the in-vitro rumen environment simulation experiment, and both show that the slow release effect is better than that of an emulsifier when a slow release agent is added into a coating formula; the slow release effect of the slow release agent methyl salicylate is superior to that of ethyl butyrate; the urea particles in the embodiments 1-3 are all released after 36 hours, but the slow release effect of the coated oil compound and slow release agent compound formula is slightly better than that of the single oil and single slow release agent coating.
Example 5
Animal experiment verification
In order to verify the influence of the slow-release nitrogen source on the biochemical indexes of the beef cattle blood, the nitrogen sources of the beef cattle daily feed in example 1 and example 2 are selected and added with uncoated urea particles and soybean meal for comparison.
The breeding method comprises the following steps: 12 healthy Simmental alternating bulls with similar weight and age of about 7 months are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 groups of experimental groups, 1 group of control groups and 3 cows of each group. Wherein, the control group is fed with basic ration, the soybean meal is used as a nitrogen source, the test group replaces the soybean meal in the basic ration in equal proportion according to the principle of equal energy and equal nitrogen, and the test 1 group is fed with the urea granules which are not coated in the test 1 group, the test 2 group is fed with the urea granules which are not coated in the test 2 group and the test 3 group. Feeding according to groups, wherein the pre-feeding period is 14 days, the formal period is 60 days, the whole test period is fed at 6 am and 18 pm, and drinking and eating are free.
And (3) detecting blood biochemical indexes: the test cattle were subjected to jugular vein blood collection with a vacuum blood collection tube before feeding for the last 1 morning of the test feeding. Collecting 20mL of blood from each cow, standing for 30min, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 10min, sucking the centrifuged supernatant, and subpackaging in 1.5mL LEP tubes, and storing at-20 deg.C. The Total Protein (TP), urea nitrogen (BUN), blood Ammonia (AN) content and the activities of alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum are measured, and all the indexes are measured by a colorimetric method by adopting a full-automatic biochemical analysis activity instrument. The detection results of the biochemical indexes of the blood are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Biochemical index of beef cattle blood in different test groups
The blood biochemical index can effectively reflect the utilization condition of the slow release nitrogen source by the test cattle. TP content reflects the conversion of urea to protein in vivo; BUN content reflects protein metabolism and kidney function conditions in animals; the AN content reflects the effective utilization condition of ammonia decomposed by urea nitrogen, and the higher the AN content is, the lower the decomposed ammonia is utilized, and the more easily ammonia poisoning is caused; ALT, AST and ALP are important aminotransferases in cattle bodies, play an important role in the protein metabolism process, and can reflect the protein metabolism condition in cattle bodies more effectively.
As can be seen from Table 1, the TP, BUN, ALT and AST contents of the groups of examples 1 and 2 and the soybean meal group have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05), which indicates that the urea conversion, the protein metabolism and the kidney function of the beef cattle are not influenced by feeding the coated slow-release nitrogen source to the beef cattle. The content of TP, BUN and AST in the uncoated urea group is obviously lower than that in the soybean meal group (P is less than 0.05), which shows that the direct feeding of uncoated urea can reduce the content of TP, BUN and AST in blood and has certain influence on the protein metabolism in beef cattle. The AN content of the uncoated urea group and the groups of examples 1 and 2 is slightly higher than that of the soybean meal group, but no significant difference exists between the groups (P is more than 0.05). There was also no significant difference in ALP content in the 4 groups (P > 0.05).
Therefore, compared with the soybean meal group, the feeding coated slow-release nitrogen source has no influence on protein metabolism in the beef cattle, is cheaper than the soybean meal, and can reduce the breeding cost of the ruminants; compared with the uncoated urea, the coated slow-release nitrogen source can effectively replace part of feed protein in daily ration; by selecting different sustained-release agents and proportions, sustained-release curves with different requirements can be prepared, the utilization range of the sustained-release agent can be effectively widened, and the utilization value is improved.
The invention realizes the slow release of the urea in the rumen of the ruminant by a slow release technology, thereby avoiding ammonia poisoning caused by the over-fast release of the urea; according to the invention, different slow release curves can be obtained by adding different slow release agents, so that different slow release requirements are met; the slow-release nitrogen source has good palatability, does not influence the protein metabolism process in the ruminant body, and can replace part of protein feed in the daily ration of the ruminant, thereby reducing the feeding cost and saving resources.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but covers all changes and modifications that may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such variations and modifications are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. An additive for a nitrogen source slow-release feed, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 70% -90% of core material; 9.5 to 25 percent of main coating wall material; 0.5 to 5 percent of sustained release agent.
2. The additive for a slow-release nitrogen source feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core material is feed urea granules and has a nitrogen content of 46%.
3. The additive for slow-release nitrogen source feed according to claim 1, wherein the main coating wall material is hydrogenated palm oil and/or palm fat powder.
4. The additive for slow-release nitrogen source feed of claim 1, wherein the slow-release agent is one or more of isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and methyl salicylate.
5. The additive for slow release nitrogen source feed of claim 1, wherein said slow release agent comprises 5-20% by weight of said main coating wall material.
6. The additive for slow-release nitrogen source feed according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing the main coating wall material and the sustained-release agent to obtain a coating solution, covering the surface of the core material with the coating solution, and drying.
7. A method for preparing the additive for slow release nitrogen source feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing urea particles, a main coating wall material and a sustained release agent;
(2) adding the main coating wall material into a melting tank, stirring and heating to 80-100 ℃ to completely melt the main coating wall material, then adding the sustained-release agent, stirring, and mixing to obtain a coating solution;
(3) adding urea particles into a coating machine, and fluidizing the urea particles in the coating machine;
(4) and spraying the coating solution on the surface of urea particles through a spray gun, and drying to obtain the additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed.
8. The method for preparing the additive for the slow-release nitrogen source feed according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the urea particles pass through a 6-20-mesh screen.
9. The method for preparing the additive for slow release nitrogen source feed according to claim 7, wherein in the step (4), the coating process parameters are as follows: the spraying speed is 1 rpm-10 rpm; the atomization temperature is 70-90 ℃; the atomization pressure is 0.1 Mpa-0.3 Mpa; the air inlet temperature is 40-60 ℃; the frequency of the induced draft fan is 26Hz to 48 Hz.
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