CN112335519B - Cultivation substrate capable of adjusting water-vapor configuration and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Cultivation substrate capable of adjusting water-vapor configuration and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
A cultivation substrate for adjusting moisture configuration comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the inorganic component accounts for 20-60% of the whole cultivation substrate in volume percentage, the organic component accounts for 40-80% of the whole cultivation substrate in volume percentage, in the inorganic component, the weight percentage of particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm is 58-76%, in the organic component, the weight percentage of particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm is 58-76%, in the cultivation substrate, the mechanical composition of each particle size, namely the particle size distribution, is reconstructed, so that reasonable pore size distribution is adjusted, a scientific and reasonable substrate moisture configuration is established, and the moisture, oxygen and nutrition supply of plants is met to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a cultivation substrate for regulating water and gas configuration and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for cultivation and growth of tomatoes and cucumbers.
Background
Research on the substrate is started before 1950 in European and American countries, and a first generation substrate-matching substrate is developed and produced, and is prepared by mixing more than two materials according to different proportions so as to meet the requirements of plants on water, gas and fertilizer. More than 20 years after the 50 s, the development of substrates according to the industrial standard and the development of various material combinations to form a professional formula-a product formula is started. The products are produced uniformly, and the substrate production enters a standardization stage through uniform and standardized detection. The theoretical research and the analysis of the mechanical composition of the matrix are started from the middle of the last 70 th century, the commercialized production of the matrix enters a brand-new era, the solid foundation is laid for the modern agriculture through the particle classification of the matrix and the artificial and artificial intelligent combination, and the comprehensive development and research of the physics, the chemistry and the biology of the matrix are started in the last 20 years, the pore size distribution is controlled through controlling the particle size distribution, different water and gas configurations of different crops are matched with the biological control through the personalized manufacture, and the modernization mode of facility equipment modernization, matrix, liquid manure, gas controllability and water manure management integration is completed.
At present, in the substrate market of China, most commodity substrates are realized by adopting different raw materials to mix and prepare according to different proportions, a plurality of enterprises pay attention to the requirements of national and local standards and prepare according to unified standards in a targeted manner, but the complex and changeable materials cause that a plurality of substrate formulas can meet the production and use requirements, but when the water and fertilizer are integrally managed, the rotting degree of the same formula is different due to different grain size decomposition periods of the substrate ingredients, the product deviation of the same formula is caused due to the quality of the raw materials, the standardized management is difficult according to technical regulations, and the technical effect of the same water and fertilizer management is different, so the effect is not good.
At present, a series of matrixes suitable for integrated management and intelligent management of water and fertilizers and a novel matrix which is super-superior to different material proportions and has size distribution control pore size distribution, namely a water-gas configuration matrix construction technology are urgently needed in the market so as to meet the urgent need of modern agriculture for a series of matrixes with stable properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to propose a cultivation substrate with a regulated moisture configuration and a method for its production, intended to solve at least partially the above mentioned technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cultivation substrate for adjusting moisture configuration by different pore size distribution, the cultivation substrate comprising an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the inorganic component accounts for 20 to 60% by volume of the entire cultivation substrate, the organic component accounts for 40 to 80% by volume of the entire cultivation substrate, the inorganic component comprises 58 to 76% by weight of particles having a size of 0.25mm to 3mm in size fraction, and the organic component comprises 58 to 76% by weight of particles having a size of 0.25mm to 3mm in size fraction.
Preferably, in the inorganic component,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 14% -18%;
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 14% -18%;
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 30% -40%.
Preferably, in the organic component,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 14% -18%;
the weight percentage of 1 percent of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 4 percent-18 percent;
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 30% -40%.
Preferably, the culture medium comprises 1-2 wt% of calcium ammonium nitrate and 2-3 wt% of pure nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15 nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
Preferably, in the inorganic component, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-6mm is 10% -20%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of below 0.25mm is 15% -25%;
in the organic component, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-6mm is 10% -20%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 15% -25%.
As another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a method for preparing the culture substrate for adjusting the water-gas configuration, which comprises the following steps:
respectively sieving an organic raw material and an inorganic raw material in a grading way, controlling the sieved inorganic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm and inorganic component particles with other size fractions to ensure that the inorganic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm account for 58-76 percent of the weight of all inorganic components, and controlling the sieved organic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm to ensure that the organic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm account for 58-76 percent of the weight of all organic components;
mixing the inorganic component accounting for 20-60% of the whole culture medium by volume with the organic component accounting for 40-80% of the whole culture medium by volume.
Preferably, the inorganic components and the organic components after being sieved by classification meet the following mixture ratio:
14-18% by weight of nibs having a size fraction of 0.25-0.5 mm;
14-18% by weight of particles with a size of 0.5-1 mm size fraction;
30-40% by weight of particles with the size of 1-3 mm.
Preferably, when the inorganic components accounting for 20-60% of the whole culture medium by volume and the organic components accounting for 40-80% of the whole culture medium by volume are mixed, calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2 per mill of the total mass of the horticultural culture medium and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer accounting for 2-3wt per mill of the total mass of the horticultural culture medium are additionally added (the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 15.
Preferably, the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:
respectively passing the inorganic component and the organic component raw materials through a screen with 6mm sieve pores, taking the particles which pass through the 6mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 3mm, and passing through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 2 nd particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.5mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th particle grade;
and taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.25mm to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the particles are 5 th particle size.
And mixing the inorganic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions and the organic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions.
Preferably, the step of mixing comprises:
mixing the inorganic substances of the 1 st and 5 th fractions and the organic substances of the 1 st and 5 th fractions with the inorganic substances of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions and the organic substances of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions, wherein,
the inorganic matters of the 1 st and 5 th grades respectively account for no more than 45 percent of the inorganic matters by weight;
the organic matters of the 1 st and 5 th fractions respectively account for no more than 45 percent of the weight of the organic matters.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the matrix material and the preparation method thereof have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by selecting or manufacturing the substrate materials with different particle sizes, the reasonable particle size distribution proportion is reconstructed, so that the substrate moisture configuration with proper pore size distribution is achieved, and the requirements of moisture, oxygen and nutrition of plants are met to the maximum extent;
in the invention, the raw materials composed of the matrix are selected, and products of agricultural, forestry and industrial wastes subjected to harmless treatment are preferentially used as main raw materials, so that the aims of environmental protection are achieved while economic consumption is saved;
the invention controls the weight percentage ratio of inorganic components and organic components in the matrix and the mechanical composition, namely, the particle size distribution is reasonable, so that the pore size distribution reaches a scientific and reasonable state, and the water and fertilizer integration and standardized management are promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a conditioned water vapor configuration growth substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process for adjusting the particle size screening of a water-air configuration type cultivation substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of inorganic component particles in a substrate for cultivation with adjustment of moisture profile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of organic component particles in a substrate for cultivating a water-vapor configuration-adjusted plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a process for conditioning a moisture-containing growth substrate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation substrate for regulating water-vapor configuration and a manufacturing method thereof, and mainly aims at cultivation substrates for cultivating and growing fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like. The culture substrate for regulating the water-gas configuration refers to: the pore size distribution, namely the pore ratio, of the matrix is regulated and controlled by adjusting the size fraction distribution of the matrix, so that the coordination of ventilation and water supply is consistent, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of mechanically crushing inorganic component raw materials and organic component raw materials to obtain inorganic component particles and organic component particles, respectively spraying the inorganic component and the organic component with the particle size of less than 3mm with water, sorting by screening in different sizes, air-drying or drying the sorted inorganic component particles and organic component particles with different particle sizes to obtain the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles, firstly measuring the particle size distribution of 2-3 crushed or original raw materials, then mixing the 2-3 materials by scientific calculation to reach a certain reasonable particle size distribution ratio, and if one or more particle sizes are insufficient, enabling the particle size distribution to reach the standard and uniformly mixing to obtain the required culture substrate.
It is worth mentioning that the natural water content of each grade needs to be measured in advance before weighing the weight ratio of each grade, and the dry weight is proportioned. The natural water content measuring method generally adopts a drying method.
The inventor of the invention discovers through years of research that the proportion of inorganic components and organic components in the culture substrate is controlled, and the mechanical composition, namely the particle size distribution of the inorganic components and the organic components is controlled, so that the proportion of each particle size fraction and the pore size distribution of the culture substrate are rationalized, and the coordinated supply of water, oxygen and nutrition of plants is met. The inventor thinks according to practice and theoretical analysis that the dual requirements of the plant root system on the water holding capacity and the permeability can be ensured by controlling the mechanical composition of the base and optimizing the pore size distribution.
Specifically, the cultivation substrate for regulating the water-gas configuration is formed by mixing an inorganic component and an organic component, wherein the inorganic component accounts for 20-60% of the whole cultivation substrate by volume, and the organic component accounts for 40-80% of the whole cultivation substrate by volume.
When the volume percentage of the large particles of the inorganic component is too large, the substrate activity is low and the fertilizer retention and supply performance is poor due to small cation replacement amount.
When the volume percentage of the organic components is too large and the cultivation time is too long, the organic components are rotten, the matrix is finely granulated and sinks, and the ventilation porosity is reduced.
And, through the theoretical research and experimental examination of the inventor, in order to reach the standard of the special matrix, the following are researched: all materials of the culture medium require a low nutrient content state, the available nutrient is 400mg/Kg, meanwhile, different amounts of nutrient components are added again according to the requirements of vegetable production, the ventilation pore of the culture medium is 15-25%, the total porosity is more than 60%, the water retention pore is 25-45%, the pH value is 5.5-7.5, and the total salt is less than or equal to 0.5g/L (the conductivity is 5.5-7.5 mS/cm).
When the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.5mm in the inorganic components is larger, the fine pores are increased, and too many fine pores can generate stagnant water to influence the development of root systems.
The proper inorganic component composition and organic component composition below 0.5mm are favorable for increasing the absorption and storage of the matrix and promoting the development of root systems.
The inorganic component is preferably a substance with small volume weight and good permeability, for example, industrial waste is used as a main raw material, such as: perlite, vermiculite, slag (crushed), fly ash, silt, and the like.
The organic component is preferably a substance with low cost, decomposition resistance, beneficial sorting and relatively high cation replacement amount, such as a harmless fermentation product obtained by fermenting natural resources such as grass peat and planting and breeding wastes. Such as straw, mushroom residue and Patrinia scabiosaefolia, into organic substrate raw materials by harmless fermentation. Abandoning agricultural and forest cropsStacking the materials, adding water to adjust the water content of the fermented materials to 70% -90%, preferably 80%, fermenting, turning over the materials at above 65 ℃, performing multi-round operation, keeping for about 240 hours, cooling to 40 ℃, keeping the water content below 40%, and manually cooling to 30 ℃ for storage. And (3) fermentation, namely decomposing organic components into a low-nutrition matrix by virtue of the capability of microbial decomposition in agricultural and forestry wastes, so that the fermentation is moderate, and lignin and cellulose are decomposed in a minimum amount. The organic matter content of the grass peat is more than 30 percent, the grass peat is soft and easy to break, and the volume weight is 0.5-0.7g/cm 3 The soil conditioner is brown or black mostly, has a pH value of 5.5-6.5, is in a slightly acidic reaction, and mainly has the functions of improving the physical properties of products, increasing the air permeability of the products and basically improving the soil.
The organic components comprise organic matters, cellulose, major elements, trace elements and hormones, and comprise: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other major elements, copper, iron, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and other medium and trace elements, and plant growth regulator.
The matrix of the invention preferably also comprises 1-2 wt% of calcium ammonium nitrate and 2-3 wt% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 15. The matrix is added with calcium ammonium nitrate and nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer to adjust the nutrition state of the matrix.
In the production of the substrate of the present invention, 1 to 3 pulverized raw materials and raw materials as they are selected, coarse particles larger than 5mm or larger than 10mm are sieved out, the natural distribution ratio of each fraction is measured, and the natural distribution ratio of each fraction of the inorganic component to be used is selected and mixed in a complementary ratio. The two or three components are mixed to be closest to the required size distribution state, if some size has deviation, the selected size is selected for complete supplement, and the components are mixed uniformly after reaching the standard.
As mentioned above, the pore size distribution is generally adjusted by combining different size fractions, i.e. the mechanical composition, i.e. the particle size distribution, so as to ensure that the proportion of air pores and water-holding pores is appropriate, and in addition, the minimum size fraction also has the function of adjusting the absorption rate of available nutrients. Sometimes, the inorganic component ratio is controlled to be higher because the culture medium is used for a longer time, so that the organic component is prevented from rotting and the ventilation gap is reduced. Too much inorganic component reduces the cation exchange amount and affects the plant growth. In order to control the medium permeability rate to be moderate, the aeration pore of the medium is controlled to be 15-25%, the total porosity is controlled to be more than 60%, the total water retention pore is controlled to be 25-45%, the pH value is 5.5-7.5, the total salt is less than or equal to 0.5g/L (the conductivity is 5.5-7.5 mS/cm), and the purposes of supplying oxygen and water and fertilizer can be achieved.
The ratio of different particle sizes of the organic component and the inorganic component is controlled as follows: in the inorganic component, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 14% -18%; in the organic component, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 14-18%.
During manufacturing, the inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 10% -20% of the 1 st size fraction, 30% -40% of the 2 nd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 3 rd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 4 th size fraction and 15% -25% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix. The organic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 10% -20% of the 1 st size fraction, 30% -40% of the 2 nd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 3 rd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 4 th size fraction and 15% -25% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain an inorganic component mixed matrix, and mixing to obtain an organic component mixed matrix.
Preferably, the inorganic components accounting for 20-60% of the volume ratio of the whole culture medium and the organic components accounting for 40-80% of the volume ratio of the whole culture medium are mixed, and calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2 wt% of the total mass of the whole culture medium, 2-3 wt% of the total mass of the whole culture medium and pure nitrogen are added into the culture medium according to the growth requirements of different fruits and vegetables: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 15:15:15, the substrate is provided with fertilizer for nutrient supply.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments. Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a moisture configuration-regulated cultivation substrate according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of a particle screening process of a moisture configuration-regulated cultivation substrate according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising the steps of:
respectively sieving the organic component raw materials and the inorganic component raw materials in a grading way, wherein the sieving steps are as follows:
step S101, carrying out a grading sieving process on the crushed grains, enabling the crushed grains to pass through a screen with 6mm sieve pores, taking the crushed grains which pass through the 6mm sieve pores and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores, and obtaining the crushed grains which do not pass through the sieve pores: fraction 1. By this step, the 1 st size fraction of the inorganic granules and the 1 st size fraction of the organic granules can be obtained.
Further, the crushed pieces which did not pass through the 6mm mesh were crushed, and the crushed pieces were passed through a 6mm mesh sieve again.
And step S102, taking the particles which pass through a sieve pore of 3mm, and passing through a screen of a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain the 2 nd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 2 nd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve pore.
Step S103, taking the particles which pass through the sieve openings of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve openings of 0.5mm to obtain the 3 rd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 3 rd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve openings.
The inorganic crumbles of the 2 nd and 3 rd fractions and the organic crumbles of the 2 nd and 3 rd fractions were taken and mixed.
And step S104, taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve hole of 0.25mm to obtain the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles which do not pass through the sieve hole, wherein the particles are the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 4 th particle fraction of the organic particles.
And step S105, taking the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain particle size particles of which the particle sizes are less than 0.25mm, wherein the particle size particles are 5 th particle size particles. The inorganic component granules obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 3mm-6mm, the size of the 2 nd particle is 1mm-3mm, the size of the 3 rd particle is 0.5mm-1mm, the size of the 4 th particle is 0.25mm-0.5mm, and the size of the 5 th particle is less than 0.25 mm; the organic component granules obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 3mm-6mm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 1mm-3mm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 0.5mm-1mm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 0.25mm-0.5mm, and the 5 th particle size of the particle size smaller than 0.25 mm.
Example 1
Passing the inorganic component raw material through a screen with 6mm sieve pores, taking the crushed particles passing through the 6mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st size fraction; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 3mm, and passing through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 2 nd particle grade; taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.5mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are the 3 rd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size.
Passing the organic component raw material through a screen with 6mm sieve pores, taking the particles passing through the 6mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade; taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes with the diameter of 3mm, and passing through a screen with the diameter of 1mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are in the 2 nd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.5mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th particle grade; taking the crushed grains which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed grains with the grain size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed grains are the 5 th grain size.
In the examples, generally considering the ratio of inorganic components, 2-3 kinds of natural or pulverized raw materials are measured for particle size distribution, and after scientifically calculating that the particle size distribution is close to the target ratio after mixing, and then filling the missing part, fig. 5 is a process flow chart of a cultivation substrate for adjusting water-gas configuration provided by an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5:
the proportion A of each grade is determined after the inorganic component raw material is crushed, the proportion B of each grade and the proportion C of each grade are determined after the organic component raw material is crushed, the proportion is redistributed by each grade after the raw material is mixed by scientific calculation A, B, C so as to be close to the requirement required by a formula, and the insufficient grade reaches the standard range of the grade distribution by the screened grade particles. In this embodiment, the inorganic component and the organic component may be mixed separately according to a certain proportion, and in order to control the ratio of the particle size in the matrix, the weight percentage of the particles with a size of 3mm to 6mm in the inorganic component particles is controlled to be 10% to 20%, and the weight percentage of the particles with a size of 0.25mm or less is controlled to be 15% to 25%; the weight percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 3mm-6mm is controlled to be 10% -20%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of below 0.25mm is controlled to be 15% -25%.
Controlling the weight percentage of 1mm-3mm size fraction particles in the inorganic component particles to be 30% -40%, and controlling the weight percentage of 0.5mm-1mm size fraction particles to be 14% -18%; controlling the weight percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 1mm-3mm in the particles to be 30% -40%, and controlling the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm in the particles to be 14% -18%; controlling the weight percentage of 0.25mm-0.5mm size fraction particles in the inorganic component particles to be 14% -18%; the weight percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm in the particles is controlled to be 14% -18%.
Controlling the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of less than 0.25mm in the inorganic component crushed particles to be 15-25%; controlling the weight percentage of the organic component particles with the size of less than 0.25mm in the particles to be 15-25%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 10% -20% of the 1 st size fraction, 30% -40% of the 2 nd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 3 rd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 4 th size fraction and 15% -25% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix.
The organic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 10% -20% of the 1 st size fraction, 30% -40% of the 2 nd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 3 rd size fraction, 14% -18% of the 4 th size fraction and 15% -25% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the organic component mixed matrix.
Further, the inorganic components accounting for 20% -60% of the whole culture medium in volume percentage and the organic components accounting for 40% -80% of the whole culture medium in volume percentage are mixed, and calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2 wt% of the total mass of the whole culture medium and nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer accounting for 2-3 wt% of the total mass of the whole culture medium are added (the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 15. Obtaining the final culture medium.
Example 2
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of inorganic component particles in a moisture configuration-adjusted cultivation substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of organic component particles in a moisture configuration-adjusted growth substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4. And respectively proportioning the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles.
In embodiment 2, table 1 provides a demonstration area of 3000 square meters for seedling culture and cultivation test of a cultivation substrate for adjusting water and gas configuration, and the cultivation method is strip cultivation, wherein the furrow spacing is 110 cm, the upper opening width of the cultivation groove is 30 cm, the lower opening width is 20 cm, the groove depth is 30 cm, and the filling substrate is 25 cm. The density is 4200 plants/mu, and the finished seedlings are cultivated with soil mass. The cucumber planting date is as follows: 2019, 9, 2 and 120 days. The tomato planting date is as follows: 2019, 9, 5 and 120 days. Compound fertilizers of NPK (15, 15) with the proportion of 5 per mill are added in the formulas 1 and 2, and standard organic fertilizers are added in the formulas 3 and 4 for 10 percent. The reference ck is a commercial culture medium purchased in the market. Applying 3 per mill nitrogen phosphorus potassium flush fertilizer to the flowering phase and the early full bearing period of the cucumbers and the tomatoes.
Table 1 cultivation substrate planting test for adjusting moisture configuration
1. Exemplary results for tomatoes (120 days) are shown in Table 2 below
Table 2 tomato demonstration results (120 days)
| Numbering | Treatment of | Investigation of quantity/number of plants | Yield per plant (kg) | Total yield (kg) | Reduced acre yield (kg) | Ranking |
| 1 | Formulation 1 | 18 | 2.3 | 59.4 | 9660 | 2 |
| 2 | Formulation 2 | 18 | 2.45 | 62.1 | 10290 | 1 |
| 3 | Formulation 3 | 18 | 2.15 | 456.7 | 9030 | 3 |
| 4 | Formulation 4 | 18 | 2.05 | 54.9 | 8610 | 4 |
| 5 | Average | 18 | 2.38 | 58.28 | 9395 | |
| 6 | |
18 | 1.8 | 50.4 | 7560 | 5 |
2. Cucumber demonstration results (120 days) are shown in table 3 below:
table 3 cucumber demonstration results (120 days)
| Numbering | Treatment of | Investigation of quantity/number of plants | Yield per plant (kg) | Total yield (kg) | Yield per mu (kg) | Ranking |
| 1 | Formulation 1 | 22 | 4.05 | 89.1 | 20253 | 3 |
| 32 | Formulation 2 | 22 | 4.45 | 91.3 | 20790 | 2 |
| 3 | Formulation 3 | 22 | 4.25 | 93.5 | 21255 | 1 |
| 4 | Formulation 4 | 22 | 3.95 | 86.9 | 19766 | 4 |
| 5 | Average | 22 | 4.17 | 90.2 | 20516 | |
| 6 | ck | 22 | 3.3 | 72.6 | 16535 | 5 |
In order to verify the demonstration accuracy, the unified fertilization of hormone is not sprayed in the cultivation process, and the demonstration shows that the yield of a single vegetable plant can be promoted and the total yield can be influenced by regulating the particle size and the pore size distribution through a water-gas configuration, and the yield can be increased by more than 15% on the basis of improving the plant height, the ground diameter, the canopy width and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation substrate for regulating moisture configuration comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, and is characterized in that:
the culture medium is a tomato or cucumber culture medium;
the inorganic component accounts for 20-60% of the whole culture medium by volume;
the organic component accounts for 40-80% of the whole culture medium by volume;
among the inorganic components and the organic components,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 15-25 percent,
the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 14% -18%,
the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 14% -18%,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 30-40 percent,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-6mm is 10% -20%.
2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2wt per mill of the whole culture medium and a nitrogen phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide compound fertilizer accounting for 2-3wt per mill of the whole culture medium, wherein the mass ratio of the pure nitrogen to the phosphorus pentoxide to the potassium oxide is 15:15, besides the inorganic components.
3. A manufacturing method of a cultivation substrate for adjusting water-vapor configuration is provided, wherein the cultivation substrate is a tomato or cucumber cultivation substrate; the manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively sieving the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials in a grading way, and controlling the organic components and the inorganic components after grading and sieving to meet the following mixture ratio:
among the organic component and the inorganic component,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 15-25 percent,
14 to 18 percent of particles with the size of 0.25 to 0.5mm,
the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 14% -18%,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 30% -40%,
the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-6mm is 10% -20%;
mixing the inorganic component accounting for 20-60% of the whole culture medium by volume with the organic component accounting for 40-80% of the whole culture medium by volume.
4. The manufacturing method of claim 3, characterized in that when inorganic components accounting for 20-60% of the whole culture medium by volume are mixed with organic components accounting for 40-80% of the whole culture medium by volume, calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2wt per mill of the whole culture medium and nitrogen phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide compound fertilizer accounting for 2-3wt per mill of the whole culture medium with the mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide being 15:15 are additionally added.
5. The method of manufacturing of claim 4, wherein the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:
respectively passing the inorganic raw material and the organic raw material through a screen with 6mm sieve pores, respectively taking the particles which pass through the 6mm sieve pores and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores, and obtaining particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve holes of 3mm, and passing through a screen mesh of 1mm to obtain 2 nd-grade crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve holes;
taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve holes of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.5mm to obtain 3 rd particle grade of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve holes;
taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen of a sieve hole of 0.25mm to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are the 4 th particle fraction;
taking the crushed grains passing through the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain crushed grains with the grain size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed grains are the 5 th grain size;
the inorganic component particles of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions and the organic component particles of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions are mixed.
6. The method of manufacturing of claim 5, wherein the step of mixing further comprises:
the inorganic component crushed grains of the 1 st and 5 th size fractions and the organic component crushed grains of the 1 st and 5 th size fractions were mixed together with the crushed grain mixture obtained in the above step.
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