CN111602578B

CN111602578B - Garden type roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111602578B
Application number: CN202010501791.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘笑冰; 谭一凡; 田小坡; 刘克锋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-04
Filing date: 2020-06-04
Publication date: 2022-09-06
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-04
Also published as: CN111602578A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a garden type roof greening substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the garden type roof greening substrate comprises organic matters and inorganic matters, wherein the volume percentage of the inorganic matters is 80-85%; the volume percentage of the organic matter is 15-20%; in the inorganic matter, the weight percentage of particles with the size of 0.05cm-0.5cm is 15-65%; in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.05cm-0.5cm is 15% -65%. The garden type roof greening substrate provided by the invention mainly meets high-grade three-dimensional greening, can be intelligently managed aiming at the garden construction management in the air with more plant types and multi-level structures, and requires high roof load. The ecological roof can meet the requirements of dense plants and roof planting with a multilayer structure, has light texture, can retain water and fertilizer, is easy to alternate roots, is beneficial to permeable drainage and water and oxygen retention, enables roof plants to grow reasonably, and provides green ecological materials for ecological city construction, sponge city construction and future fourth-generation residential construction.

Description

Garden type roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a garden type roof greening substrate and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Roof greening is special space greening of various buildings with balconies, terraces, balcony, interlamination and the like separated from natural soil, and greening is carried out on the roofs or the terraces of various buildings and structures thereof. In China, the history of roof greening is only about ten years, most of the history mainly focuses on landscape design and plant cultivation and maintenance research, and roof greening substrates are not deeply researched, so that loess or turf is directly used as the roof greening substrate, the substrate sinks too much within 2-3 years due to too high organic matter amount, and plants are degraded to die.

The roof greening is limited by various conditions, the soil layer for greening is relatively thin, the water content is relatively low, and the plants are easy to dry and lack water during planting and growing. Also, roof greening has adverse effects due to problems of raw materials, such as: loess is directly used as a roof greening substrate, and the volume weight of the loess is large, so that the roof is overloaded; the turf is directly used as a roof greening substrate, is easy to crush and run off, and is greatly limited by environmental conditions; the turf is not easy to wet after the water content is lower than 40 percent, watering is difficult, and manpower and material resources are wasted.

In addition, the existing roof greening substrates are different in standard division, the substrates are not different in soil layer thickness, and one substrate is uniformly used for vegetation types, so that the roof greening effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The special substrate is significant in order to change the conditions that the volume weight of the traditional substrate is large, so that the roof is overloaded, the penetration is inconvenient, the permeability is poor, the volume weight of the substrate is too light, the substrate drifts with water, the root system is exposed, the fertilizer and water are not preserved, and the plant growth is poor, and in order to ensure the normal growth of lawn flowers, shrubs and trees with the substrate thickness of 20-50cm or more than 50 cm.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention provides a garden type roof greening substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the garden type roof greening substrate comprises organic matters and inorganic matters, wherein the volume percentage of the inorganic matters is 80-85%; the volume percentage of the organic matter is 15-20%; in the inorganic matter, the weight percentage of particles with the size of 0.05cm-0.5cm is 15-65%; in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.05cm-0.5cm is 15-65%.

Preferably, in the inorganic substance, the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm fraction is 0% -20%; 5-10% by weight of particles with a size of 0.1-0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of particles having a size of 0.05-0.1cm size fraction.

Preferably, in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is 0% -20%; 5-10% by weight of particles with a size of 0.1-0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of particles having a size of 0.05-0.1cm size fraction.

Preferably, the fertilizer also comprises an organic fertilizer with the volume percentage of 4-6%.

Preferably, in the inorganic substance, the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5cm-1.0cm is 0-30%, the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.025cm-0.05cm is 10-25%, the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.005cm-0.025cm is 10-15%, and the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of less than 0.005cm is 20%;

in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5cm-1.0cm is 0% -30%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.05cm is 20% -60%.

Preferably, the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials are respectively sieved in a grading way to obtain inorganic matters with the weight percentage of 15-65% of particles with the size of 0.05-0.5 cm, and organic matters with the weight percentage of 15-65% of particles with the size of 0.05-0.5 cm;

mixing 80-85% of the inorganic matter and 15-20% of the organic matter by volume percentage.

Preferably, in the classified and screened inorganic matter, the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is 0-20%; 5-10% by weight of particles with a size of 0.1-0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of particles having a size of 0.05-0.1cm size fraction.

Preferably, in the organic matters after the grading and screening, the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is 0-20%; 5-10% by weight of particles with a size of 0.1-0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of particles having a size of 0.05-0.1cm size fraction.

Preferably, when the inorganic matter with the volume percentage of 80-85% and the organic matter with the volume percentage of 15-20% are mixed, organic fertilizer with the volume percentage of 4-6% is also doped.

Preferably, the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:

passing the inorganic raw material through a screen with 1.0cm sieve mesh, taking the crushed particles which pass through the 1.0cm sieve mesh, and then passing through a screen with 0.5cm sieve mesh to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh as the 1 st particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.5cm, and passing through a sieve mesh of 0.25cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 2 nd particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25cm, and passing through a sieve mesh of 0.1cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.1cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.05cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 4 th particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.05cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.025cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 5 th particle grade;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.025cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.005cm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 6 th particle grade; taking the crushed grains which pass through a sieve pore of 0.005cm to obtain the crushed grains with the grain size of less than 0.005cm, wherein the crushed grains are the 7 th grain size.

Preferably, the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:

enabling the organic matter raw material to pass through a screen with 1.0cm sieve pores, taking particles which pass through the 1.0cm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 0.5cm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.25cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.1cm to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve hole and are the 3 rd particle grade;

and taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.05cm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.05cm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size.

And mixing the inorganic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions and the organic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions.

Preferably, the step of mixing comprises:

mixing the inorganic matters of the 1 st, 5 th, 6 th and 7 th size fractions and the organic matters of the 1 st and 5 th size fractions with the inorganic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions and the organic matters of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th size fractions, wherein,

the inorganic matters of the 5 th grade, the 6 th grade and the 7 th grade respectively account for no more than 60 percent of the weight of the inorganic matters;

the organic matter of the 5 th fraction accounts for no more than 60% of the weight of the organic matter.

(III) advantageous effects

According to the invention, the porosity of the matrix is proper by selecting the weight percentage ratio of the matrix with different particle sizes, so that the purposes of supplying oxygen and water and fertilizer are achieved, and the problem of matrix sinking is avoided.

The invention selects the wastes of agriculture, forestry, industry and the like as main materials in the matrix material, thereby achieving the purpose of environmental protection while saving economic consumption.

The invention controls the weight percentage ratio of inorganic matters to organic matters in the substrate, ensures that roof plants can obtain proper nutrients and reduces the replacement frequency of the substrate.

The invention has more obvious effects on controlling the plant coverage area and regulating and controlling the fresh weight of plants through the substrate under the conditions of dense roof plants and multilayer structures.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method of making the roof greening base of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the crumb screening of the roof greening base material of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an average distribution diagram of each size fraction of a special substrate for garden type roof greening.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a garden type roof greening substrate. The garden type roof greening substrate refers to: on roofs with higher loads, allowing the covering of relatively thick substrate layers, the roof plants have the necessary plant carriers for a large variety, multiple levels and high density.

The roof garden is generally required to be capable of planting lawns, tall and short shrubs and large and small trees under the condition of strong roof load. Because it can be designed like a garden on the ground, its requirements for a substrate are very high. The inventor of the invention finds that the thickness of the substrate layer (more than 30 cm) is required to meet the growth of grass, flowers and trees and the requirement of high-density and multi-level planting at the same time through years of research. However, the thickness of the substrate layer needs to be controlled to control the texture and permeability, so that the fine water and fertilizer management is performed. For example, the texture and permeability of the matrix are controlled, the inventor innovatively proposes that the particle size distribution of inorganic matters and organic matters is respectively controlled when the proportion of the inorganic matters and the organic matters in the matrix is controlled, so that the purposes of water and fertilizer retention, ventilation and water permeation are achieved under the condition that the matrix layer is relatively thick, and the growth requirements of multilayer plants are met.

Specifically, the roof greening substrate is formed by mixing inorganic matters and organic matters, wherein the volume percentage of the inorganic matters is 80-85%, and the volume percentage of the organic matters is 15-20%. When the volume percentage of the inorganic substance is too large, the substrate activity is small, the volume weight is high, the immobilization is poor, and the substrate fine particles sink due to the small cation substitution amount. When the volume percentage of the organic matters is too large, the organic matters are rotten, and the matrix layer is easy to sink.

The different particle size ratios of the organic matters and the inorganic matters are controlled as follows: in the inorganic matter, the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is controlled to be 0-20 percent; in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is controlled to be 0-20%.

Moreover, through theoretical research and experimental examination of the inventor, it is considered that, due to the allowance of roof load, the substrate layer can be thicker, the plants can be allowed to have high density and multiple layers, the vegetation is denser and has multiple layers, the thickness is more in the range of 30-50cm (also more than 20cm and more than 50 cm), and the garden type roof greening can be realized from lawns to flower shrubs to big and small trees, so the corresponding substrate design is very necessary. To meet the criteria of such a special matrix, the following were developed: the sand grains (medium grains) with particle size distribution of 0.005-0.25cm account for 60-80% of the total weight, the clay grains (fine grains) as auxiliary material, and the grain size of less than 0.005cm accounts for less than 20%. Gravel (coarse grains) is not more than 40 percent or not, the volume weight is less than 0.9g/cm3, the water holding pore space is more than or equal to 45 percent, the air ventilation pore space is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the water permeability is more than or equal to 0.35 mm/min. With the thickening of the matrix layer, the proportion of coarse grains is reduced, and the proportion of fine grains is properly increased, so as to ensure the growth requirement of multilayer and intensive plants.

As garden type roof greening generally has the following loads on the roof of a building or the top of an underground parking lot: 460kg/m ² -650kg/m ² The thickness of the substrate layer is more than 30cm-50cm or more than 50cm, plants for garden type greening are dense, green layers are more, so that the substrate is required to meet the supply conditions of plant water, fertilizer and gas and ensure a proper amount of permeability when being configured, and overload caused by rainfall in rainy seasons is avoided, such as: the medium-grade particles with the size fraction of 0.005-0.25cm are taken as the main particles, the proportion is 20-70%, firstly, the proper amount of water retention and water permeation is ensured, and secondly, the fine particles with the size fraction of 0.005cm are kept below 20%, so that the storage retention is improved; the medium-grade particles with the size fraction of 0.005-0.25cm are mainly used, and coarse particles with the size fraction of more than 0.25cm are added in a proper amount to adjust the water holding capacity to be more than or equal to 45%, the air pores to be more than or equal to 20% and the permeability to be more than or equal to 0.35 mm/min. The proportion of coarse particles with the size fraction of more than 0.25cm to less than 60 percent is added into the substrate to ensure that the maximum limit of the coarse particles is not broken through when the thickness of the substrate is more than 50cm, and the water and fertilizer supply of plants is ensured.

When the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm in the inorganic substance is too large, the influence on the livestock conservation of the substrate layer is great, and the adverse effect on the nutrition of densely planted plants is generated; when the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm in the organic matter is too large, the obvious excessive volume thickness change can be generated, the substrate layer becomes thin, and the root system is naked.

And, when the weight percentage of the crushed grains having a size of 0.25cm to 0.5cm fraction in the inorganic substance is too small, the water permeability and air porosity of the substrate are seriously affected. When the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm in the organic matter is too small, the ratio of the inorganic particles to the same size fraction can be influenced, and the water holding pores are reduced year by year.

The inorganic substance is preferably a substance with small volume weight and good permeability, for example, industrial waste is used as a main raw material, such as: building waste bricks, volcanic rocks, coarse slag, pulverized coal slag and the like.

The organic matter is preferably low-cost, decomposition-resistant, relatively high-efficiency sorting and cation exchange material, such as harmless agricultural and forestry waste fermented from natural resources, such as turf and coconut husk, and planting and breeding waste. For example: straw, mushroom residue and Patrinia scabiosaefolia are fermented into an organic matrix in a harmless manner. Agricultural and forestry wastes subjected to harmless treatment include: piling up agricultural and forestry wastes into piles, adding water to adjust the water content of the fermentation product to 70-90%, preferably 80%, fermenting, turning over piles at the temperature of above 65 ℃, performing multi-round operation, keeping for about 240 hours, cooling to 40 ℃, reducing the water content to below 40%, cooling to 30 ℃ and storing. Fermentation, in which organic matter is decomposed into a low-nutrient medium by virtue of the capability of microbial decomposition in agricultural and forestry wastes, so that the fermentation is moderate. The turf has the organic matter content of over 30 percent, soft texture and easy scattering, the volume weight of 0.5-0.7 is brown or black mostly, the pH value is generally 5.5-6.5, the turf is in a slightly acidic reaction, the main function of the turf is to improve the physical properties of the turf, increase the air permeability of the turf and also have a basic improvement effect on soil.

The organic matter comprises organic matters, cellulose, major elements, trace elements and hormones, and comprises the following components: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other major elements, copper, iron, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and other medium and trace elements, and plant growth regulator.

The matrix of the invention preferably contains 4-6 wt% of standard organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can be prepared conventionally, and organic fertilizer is added into the matrix to increase the content of various major elements, trace elements and hormones in the matrix.

In the production of the substrate of the present invention, the organic material and the inorganic material may be screened and classified according to particle size.

As previously mentioned, the pore size distribution is generally adjusted by the composition of the inorganic particle fraction and the organic particle fraction, i.e., the mechanical composition of the fraction. Wherein the minimum fraction also has the function of adjusting the absorption rate of available nutrients, the control of the inorganic matter proportion to be more than 80% is to avoid the organic matter from rotting and sinking, the sinking is required to be less than 10%, and the plant growth carrier can not be reduced by controlling the inorganic matter proportion. In order to control the medium permeability rate to be moderate, the permeability of the medium is controlled to be more than 0.35mm/min, the ventilation pore is controlled to be not less than 20%, the maximum capillary water holding capacity is controlled to be more than or equal to 45% and less than 70, and the purposes of through oxygen supply, water and fertilizer retention and substrate sinking prevention are achieved.

Further preferably, in the inorganic material, the inorganic material is controlled so that the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.25cm to 0.5cm, the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.1cm to 0.25cm is controlled to be 0% to 20%, the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.05cm to 0.1cm is controlled to be 5% to 10%, the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.025cm to 0.05cm is controlled to be 10% to 25%, the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.005cm to 0.025cm is controlled to be 10% to 15%, and the weight percentage of particles having a size fraction of 0.005cm or less is controlled to be 20% or less; in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm is controlled to be 0-20%, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.1cm-0.25cm is controlled to be 5-10%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.05cm is controlled to be 20-60%.

Fig. 3 is an average distribution diagram of each particle size of garden type roof greening substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the ratio of each particle is adjusted according to the application thickness of the substrate, when the required application thickness is small, the ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.25cm or less is relatively lower than the ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.5cm or more, when the soil layer becomes thicker, the ratio of particles in the fine particles gradually increases, and the ratio of coarse particles gradually decreases. The substrate belongs to garden type roof greening substrates, and the application thickness of the substrate is within the range of 30-100cm, intelligent water and fertilizer integrated management is required to be met, the load is reduced as much as possible, and certain air permeability and water permeability are maintained. The proportion is adjusted according to the thickness of the matrix, for example: when the thickness of the matrix is required to be controlled below 50cm, the proportion of particles larger than 1.0cm is controlled below 20%, and the proportion of particles smaller than 0.005cm is controlled about 20%, and when the thickness of the matrix is required to be controlled above 50cm, the proportion of particles larger than 1.0cm is controlled below 10%, and the proportion of particles smaller than 0.005cm is controlled below 20%.

During manufacturing, the inorganic particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% -30% of the 1 st size fraction, 10% -20% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% -10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -35% of the 4 th size fraction, 10% -25% of the 5 th size fraction, 10% -15% of the 6 th size fraction and less than 20% of the 7 th size fraction to obtain an inorganic mixed matrix. The organic matter particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% -30% of the 1 st size fraction, 10% -20% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% -10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -35% of the 4 th size fraction and 20% -60% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the organic matter mixed matrix.

As mentioned above, it is preferable that the total weight percentage of the inorganic matter fraction 1, the organic matter fraction 1, the inorganic matter fraction 2 and the organic matter fraction 2 after mixing is less than 35%.

Preferably, 80-85% by volume of the inorganic substances and 15-20% by volume of the organic substances are mixed, and when the weight percentage of the organic substances is not more than 100%, 4-6% by weight of organic fertilizer is doped to obtain the final garden type roof greening substrate.

It is worth mentioning that, since the temperature in south of China is generally high, so that the substrate is rotted and sinks quickly, and the rainfall is high, so that the ventilation pore is required to be below the upper limit, the volume percentage of the inorganic matters in the substrate for south is 85%, and the volume percentage of the organic matters is 15%, compared with the south, the temperature in north is relatively low, and the rainfall is small, so that the volume percentage of the inorganic matters in the substrate for north is 80%, the volume percentage of the organic matters is 20%, and the ventilation pore is above the lower limit. Depending on the rainfall, the substrate is proportioned from the 1 st size fraction in the south of high rainfall, and from the 3 rd size fraction in the north of low rainfall.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a manufacturing method of the roof greening substrate of the invention, fig. 2 is a flow chart of particle screening in the process flow, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the process comprises the following steps:

respectively grading and sieving the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials, wherein the sieving steps are as follows:

step S101, respectively carrying out grading sieving technology on the inorganic matter crushed grains and the organic matter crushed grains, enabling the crushed grains to pass through a screen with a screen hole of 1.0cm, taking the crushed grains which pass through the screen hole of 1.0cm, and then enabling the crushed grains to pass through a screen with a screen hole of 0.5cm, so as to obtain the crushed grains which do not pass through the screen hole: fraction 1. By this step, the 1 st size fraction of the inorganic granules and the 1 st size fraction of the organic granules can be obtained.

Further, the inorganic matter chips and the organic matter chips which did not pass through the screen of 1.0cm were pulverized, respectively, and the pulverized chips were passed through a screen of 1.0cm again.

Step S102, the inorganic particles and the organic particles which pass through the sieve of 0.5cm are respectively taken to pass through a screen of 0.25cm to obtain the 2 nd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 2 nd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve.

Step S103, the inorganic particles and the organic particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.25cm are respectively taken to pass through a screen of the sieve hole of 0.1cm, and the 3 rd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 3 rd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve hole are obtained.

And mixing the inorganic matters of the 2 nd and 3 rd size fractions and the organic matters of the 2 nd and 3 rd size fractions.

And step S104, respectively taking the inorganic particles and the organic particles which pass through a sieve hole of 0.1cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.05cm to obtain the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 4 th particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve hole and the 5 th particle fraction of the organic particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.05 cm.

In step S105, the inorganic granules passing through the 0.05cm mesh screen are passed through a 0.025cm mesh screen to obtain the 5 th fraction of the inorganic granules not passing through the mesh screen.

In step S106, the inorganic granules passing through the sieve of 0.025cm are taken out and passed through a screen of 0.005cm to obtain the 6 th fraction of the inorganic granules which do not pass through the sieve.

In step S107, the inorganic granules passing through the sieve of 0.005cm are taken to obtain the 7 th fraction of the inorganic granules passing through the sieve.

The inorganic particles obtained by screening included: the particle size of the particle size distribution comprises a 1 st particle size, a 2 nd particle size, a 3 rd particle size, a 4 th particle size, a 5 th particle size, a 6 th particle size and a 7 th particle size, wherein the 1 st particle size is 0.5-1.0cm, the 2 nd particle size is 0.25-0.5cm, the 3 rd particle size is 0.1-0.25cm, the 4 th particle size is 0.05-0.1cm, the 5 th particle size is 0.025-0.05cm, the 6 th particle size is 0.005-0.025cm and the 7 th particle size is less than 0.005 cm; the organic matter particles obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 0.5-1.0cm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 0.25-0.5cm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 0.1-0.25cm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 0.05-0.1cm, and the particle size of the 5 th particle is less than 0.05 cm.

Example 1 the inorganic and organic materials were mixed separately in proportions such that, in order to control the particle size ratio in the matrix, the inorganic granules had a size fraction of 0.5 to 1.0cm at the 1 st size fraction, a size fraction of 0.25 to 0.5cm at the 2 nd size fraction, a size fraction of 0.1 to 0.25cm at the 3 rd size fraction, a size fraction of 0.05 to 0.1cm at the 4 th size fraction, a size fraction of 0.025 to 0.05cm at the 5 th size fraction, a size fraction of 0.005 to 0.025cm at the 6 th size fraction, and a size fraction of less than 0.005cm at the 7 th size fraction, wherein the 1 st fraction was 0 to 30 wt%, the 2 nd fraction was 0 to 20 wt%, the 3 rd fraction was 5 to 10 wt%, the 4 th fraction was 10 to 35 wt%, and the size fraction was 10 to 35 wt%, The weight percentage of the 5 th fraction is 10-25%, the weight percentage of the 6 th fraction is 10-15% and the weight percentage of the 7 th fraction is less than 20%.

In the organic matter crushed grains, the 1 st fraction of the crushed grains with the size of 0.5-1.0cm, the 2 nd fraction of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25-0.5cm, the 3 rd fraction of the crushed grains with the size of 0.1-0.25cm, the 4 th fraction of the crushed grains with the size of 0.05-0.1cm, the 5 th fraction of the crushed grains with the size of 0.025-0.05cm and the 5 th fraction of the crushed grains with the size of less than 0.05cm are arranged, wherein the weight percentage of the 1 st fraction is 0-30%, the weight percentage of the 2 nd fraction is 0-20%, the weight percentage of the 3 rd fraction is 5-10%, the weight percentage of the 4 th fraction is 10-35%, and the weight percentage of the 5 th fraction is 20-60%.

Further, for the purpose of screening the above particle size, the step of classifying, screening and mixing comprises:

taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.1cm, and passing through a screen of the sieve hole of 0.05cm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve hole and are the 4 th particle grade;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.05cm, and passing through a screen of the sieve hole of 0.025cm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve hole as the 5 th particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.025cm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.005cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 6 th particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.005cm to obtain the crushed particles with the size fraction of less than 0.005cm which pass through a sieve pore of 0.005cm, wherein the crushed particles are the 7 th size fraction.

passing the organic matter raw material through a screen with 1.0cm sieve pores, taking the particles which pass through the 1.0cm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 0.5cm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.05cm to obtain crushed particles with the size fraction smaller than 0.05cm, wherein the size fraction is the 5 th size fraction, and the size fraction passes through a sieve pore of 0.05 cm; and respectively proportioning the inorganic particles and the organic particles.

In the embodiment, the inorganic substance and the organic substance are mixed according to the proportion, in order to control the proportion of the particle diameter in the substrate, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5-1.0cm in the inorganic substance particles is controlled to be 0% -30%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.005cm in the particles is controlled to be less than 20%; the weight percentage of the organic matter particles with the size of 0.5-1.0cm is controlled to be 0% -30%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.05cm below is controlled to be 20% -60%.

Controlling the weight percentage of 0.25-0.5cm size fraction in the inorganic matter fraction to be 0% -20%, the weight percentage of 0.1-0.25cm size fraction to be 5% -10%, and the weight percentage of 0.05-0.1cm size fraction to be 10% -35%; the weight percentage of the organic matter particles with the size of 0.25-0.5cm is controlled to be 0-20%, the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.1-0.25cm is controlled to be 5-10%, and the weight percentage of the particles with the size of 0.05-0.1cm is controlled to be 10-35%.

Controlling the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.025-0.05cm in the inorganic crushed particles to be 10-25%, and controlling the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.005-0.025cm in the crushed particles to be 10-15%: .

The inorganic matter particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% -30% of the 1 st size fraction, 0% -20% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% -10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -35% of the 4 th size fraction, 10% -25% of the 5 th size fraction, 10% -15% of the 6 th size fraction and less than 20% of the 7 th size fraction to obtain an inorganic mixed matrix.

The organic matter particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% -30% of the 1 st size fraction, 0% -20% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% -10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -35% of the 4 th size fraction and 20% -60% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the organic matter mixed matrix.

The greening substrate is obtained by mixing 80-85% of inorganic matters and 15-20% of organic matters in percentage by volume, and adding 3-6Kg of 5% of organic fertilizer when the weight percentage is not more than 100% and mixing uniformly.

More preferably, the weight percentage of the 1 st fraction is less than 30% or not added, the weight percentage of the 2 nd fraction is always less than 20% or not added, and the weight percentage of the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25cm is not less than 40%.

The garden type roof greening substrate is planted with three plants, namely, sedum sarmentosum, sedum lineare and rosa chinensis, and the advantages of the substrate are proved by measuring the coverage area and fresh weight of the three plants for three years. Wherein CK is a commercially available common roof greening substrate.

Table 1: example first year plant growth

Table 2: example second year growth of plants

Table 3: example third year growth of plants

As shown in tables 1 to 3, it was found that three plants were significantly improved in both coverage and fresh weight over the conventional roof greening base during the period of using the garden type roof greening base by measuring and recording the three-year growth of the three plants. Meanwhile, the table also proves that the garden type roof greening substrate can effectively retain water and fertilizer.

The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roof greening substrate, comprising: the composite material is applied to scenes with total load of 460 kg/square meter to 650 kg/square meter and matrix thickness of 30-100cm, and comprises organic matters and inorganic matters, wherein,

the inorganic matter accounts for 80-85% of the total volume of the roof greening substrate;

the organic matter accounts for 15-20% of the total volume of the roof greening substrate;

in the inorganic matter, the weight percentage of particles which have the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm and do not contain the size fraction of 0.5cm is 0% -20%; 5-10% by weight of nibs having a size of 0.1-0.25cm but not containing a size fraction of 0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of nibs having a size of 0.05-0.1cm but not containing a size fraction of 0.1 cm;

in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.25cm-0.5cm but without the size fraction of 0.5cm is 0-20 percent; 5-10% by weight of nibs having a size of 0.1-0.25cm but not containing a size fraction of 0.25 cm; 10-35% by weight of nibs having a size of 0.05-0.1cm but not containing a size fraction of 0.1 cm.

2. The roof greening substrate of claim 1, wherein:

in the inorganic substance, the weight percentage of particles with a size of 0.5cm-1.0cm but not containing 1.0cm is 0-30%, the weight percentage of particles with a size of 0.025cm-0.05cm but not containing 0.5cm is 10-25%, the weight percentage of particles with a size of 0.005cm-0.025cm but not containing 0.025cm is 10-15%, and the weight percentage of particles with a size of less than 0.005cm is less than 20%;

in the organic matter, the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 0.5cm-1.0cm but not containing the size fraction of 1.0cm is 0-30%, and the weight percentage of the crushed grains with the size of less than 0.05cm is 20-60%.

3. A method for manufacturing a roof greening matrix is applied to a scene with the total load of 460 kg/square meter to 650 kg/square meter and the matrix thickness of 30-100cm, and comprises the following steps:

respectively classifying and sieving an organic material and an inorganic material to obtain an inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material comprises 0 to 20 weight percent of particles with the size of 0.25 to 0.5cm and the particle size not containing 0.5cm, 5 to 10 weight percent of particles with the size of 0.1 to 0.25cm and the particle size not containing 0.25cm, and 10 to 35 weight percent of particles with the size of 0.05 to 0.1cm and the particle size not containing 0.1 cm; obtaining an organic material in which the weight percentage of the crushed grains of a size fraction of 0.25cm to 0.5cm but not 0.5cm is 0 to 20%, the weight percentage of the crushed grains of a size fraction of 0.1cm to 0.25cm but not 0.25cm is 5 to 10%, and the weight percentage of the crushed grains of a size fraction of 0.05cm to 0.1cm but not 0.1cm is 10 to 35%;

and mixing the inorganic matters and the organic matters to obtain the roof greening substrate, wherein the inorganic matters account for 80-85% of the total volume of the roof greening substrate, and the organic matters account for 15-20% of the total volume of the roof greening substrate.

4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the steps of classifying, screening and mixing include:

passing the inorganic raw material through a screen with a screen hole of 1.0cm, taking the crushed particles which pass through the screen hole of 1.0cm, and then passing through a screen with a screen hole of 0.5cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the screen hole and are the 1 st grade of the inorganic substance;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.25cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore and are the 2 nd grade of the inorganic substance;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.25cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.1cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve hole, namely inorganic matter grade 3;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.1cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.05cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore and are the 4 th grade of the inorganic substance;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.05cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.025cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 5 th grade of the inorganic substance;

taking the crushed particles passing through the sieve hole of 0.025cm, and passing through a screen of 0.005cm to obtain crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve hole and are the 6 th grade of the inorganic substance;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.005cm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.005cm, wherein the crushed particles are inorganic matter 7 th particle size.

5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the steps of classifying, screening and mixing include:

passing the organic matter raw material through a screen with 1.0cm sieve pores, taking the particles which pass through the 1.0cm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 0.5cm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st grade of the organic matter;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.5cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.25cm to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve hole and are the 2 nd grade of the organic matters;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.25cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.1cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 3 rd grade of the organic matters;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.1cm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.05cm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th fraction of the organic matter;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.05cm to obtain crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.05cm, wherein the crushed particles are organic matter 5 th particle size;

mixing inorganic matters of 2 nd grade of inorganic matters, 3 rd grade of inorganic matters and 4 th grade of inorganic matters and organic matters of 2 nd grade of organic matters, 3 rd grade of organic matters and 4 th grade of organic matters.

6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the step of mixing comprises:

mixing inorganic matters of inorganic matter No. 1, inorganic matter No. 5, inorganic matter No. 6 and inorganic matter No. 7, and organic matters of organic matter No. 1 and organic matter No. 5 with inorganic matters of inorganic matter No. 2, inorganic matter No. 3 and inorganic matter No. 4, and organic matters of organic matter No. 2, organic matter No. 3 and organic matter No. 4,

the inorganic matters of the 5 th inorganic matter grade, the 6 th inorganic matter grade and the 7 th inorganic matter grade respectively account for not more than 60 percent of the total inorganic matters by weight percent;

the organic matter of fraction 5 of the organic matter does not exceed 60% by weight of the total organic matter.