CN113924944B - Three-dimensional potted plant substrate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional potted plant substrate and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113924944B CN113924944B CN202110936198.4A CN202110936198A CN113924944B CN 113924944 B CN113924944 B CN 113924944B CN 202110936198 A CN202110936198 A CN 202110936198A CN 113924944 B CN113924944 B CN 113924944B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A three-dimensional potted plant substrate and a manufacturing method thereof. The three-dimensional potted plant substrate comprises 0-25% by volume of crushed grains with the size of more than 15mm, 5-20% by volume of crushed grains with the size of 10-15 mm, 10-20% by volume of crushed grains with the size of 5-10 mm but not containing 10mm, 15-25% by volume of crushed grains with the size of 1-5 mm but not containing 5mm, and 25-55% by volume of crushed grains with the size of below 1 mm. The three-dimensional potting matrix disclosed by the invention utilizes various inorganic components and organic components as raw materials, controls the void ratio, namely the pore size distribution, of the matrix by regulating and controlling the particle size fractions with different sizes in the matrix, establishes scientific and reasonable potting, namely a container cultivation matrix, is suitable for supplying moisture, oxygen and nutrition required by various potting plants to the maximum extent, has light volume weight, reduces building load, and has the advantages of strong fertilizer and water retention capacity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional pot culture substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for container culture substrates for various three-dimensional greening plant pots in the market.
Background
The three-dimensional greening pot culture is arranged in containers such as flowerpots and the like, so the three-dimensional greening pot culture can also be called container pot culture, and the three-dimensional greening in China only starts for more than ten years. The three-dimensional greening is an important essential component for promoting sponge city construction and ecological city construction in China, and is also an essential content for a fourth generation house, a novel building in the future. The study on the three-dimensional greening potted substrate, particularly the study on the control of the water-gas configuration is almost zero, so that the establishment of the technical standard of the three-dimensional greening cultivation or container cultivation substrate is always expected in China, and a novel substrate process technology for controlling the pore size distribution through the particle size distribution is expected. The substrate with controllable water-vapor configuration is the basis for improving the overall level of three-dimensional greening.
In order to meet the requirement of improving the overall level of three-dimensional greening in China, the first general technical (group) standard of the three-dimensional greening culture medium is formulated, and a suitable three-dimensional greening medium production technology and process are provided according to the standard requirement, so that the significance is great, and the implementation of the three-dimensional greening culture medium is beneficial to improving the current situation that the three-dimensional greening is lagged for a long time and is difficult to standardize management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a three-dimensional pot culture substrate taking perlite, vermiculite, slag, turf, coconut husk and harmless fermentation products obtained by fermenting planting, breeding and garden wastes as raw materials and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to at least partially solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional potting medium and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the volume percentage of the granules having a size of more than 15mm size fraction is 0% to 25%, the volume percentage of the granules having a size of 10mm to 15mm size fraction is 5% to 20%, the volume percentage of the granules having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not including 10mm size fraction is 10% to 20%, the volume percentage of the granules having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not including 5mm size fraction is 15% to 25%, and the volume percentage of the granules having a size of 1mm size fraction or less is 25% to 55%.
As another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the three-dimensional potting matrix, which comprises the steps of obtaining the three-dimensional potting matrix, wherein the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of more than 15mm is 0-25%, the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 10mm-15mm is 5-20%, the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 5mm-10mm but not 10mm is 10-20%, the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of 1mm-5mm but not 10mm is 15-25%, and the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of less than 1mm is 25-55%.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the matrix material and the preparation method thereof have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the volume percentage ratio of the matrix materials with different grain diameters, so that the porosity of the matrix is proper, the permeability is good, excessive water accumulation is avoided, and the water, oxygen and nutrition supply of plants is met to the maximum extent;
the invention selects industrial waste components as main materials in the materials of the matrix, thereby enhancing the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the matrix and reducing the times of fertilization and irrigation while saving economic consumption and achieving the purpose of environmental protection;
the invention has the advantages that the volume weight of the matrix material is light, the load is reduced, the matrix does not drift along with the wind and the water, and the matrix material can be widely applied to the three-dimensional greening of different buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for manufacturing the three-dimensional potting medium of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the particle screening process of the three-dimensional potted plant substrate of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of the potted plant substrate particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process for making a three-dimensional potting substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a three-dimensional potted plant substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for providing a growth carrier for greening plants in vertical, sloping and planar containers among floors of a building. The three-dimensional greening substrate refers to: the three-dimensional greening substrate can be understood as a container potting substrate because plants are arranged in a container such as a flowerpot and the like, wherein the inorganic component is selected from the inorganic components, preferably substances with small volume weight and good permeability, such as industrial wastes as main raw materials, such as slag (crushed), fly ash, vermiculite, silt and the like. The organic component is selected to be at least one of: grass peat, coconut chaff and harmless fermentation products formed by fermentation of planting, breeding and garden wastes. Setting a particle size ratio intermediate value, wherein when the three-dimensional potted plant is a small plant, the volume percentage of the particles of each particle size fraction larger than 1mm is smaller than the particle size ratio intermediate value; when the three-dimensional pot culture is a large-scale plant, the volume percentage of the particles of each size fraction larger than 1mm is larger than the median of the particle size ratio. In the process, according to the difference between the ratio of each particle size fraction of the measured mixture and the median value, when the volume percentage after adjustment exceeds 100% or is lower than 100%, the ratio of particles with the particle size of less than 1mm is reduced or increased to carry out filling balance, so that the standard ratio of the particle sizes is achieved, and the mixture is uniformly mixed.
It is worth mentioning that the organic components are preferably peat, coconut coir, harmless fermentation products obtained by fermenting planting, breeding and garden wastes, and the like, before measuring the volume ratio of each grain fraction of the organic components, the harmless fermentation product raw materials obtained by fermenting the planting, breeding and garden wastes in the organic components are cut into pieces with the grain size of less than 30mm, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be more than 65 ℃ for 240-480 hours, the fermentation humidity is 60-80% of wet base water, the pH of the matrix product is adjusted to be 0-8.5, the conductivity EC is less than or equal to 0.5ms/cm, the organic matters are more than or equal to 30%, and the density is less than or equal to 0.8T/m < 3 >.
Through years of research, the inventor of the invention finds that in order to meet the requirements, the proportion of inorganic components in the substrate can be controlled, meanwhile, the particle size distribution of the inorganic components can be respectively controlled, the standard pore size distribution can be achieved by reconstructing the standard particle size distribution of the greening substrate, a scientific and reasonable water-gas configuration of the cultivation substrate is established, and the water, oxygen and nutrition supply required by three-dimensional greening is met to the maximum extent. The inventor considers that according to theoretical analysis, in order to meet the growth requirements of different plant species, the proportion of different size fractions in the substrate needs to be controlled according to the size of the plant species, and the requirements of the different plant species on the greening substrate are guaranteed.
Specifically, the three-dimensional potted plant or container culture substrate is formed by mixing inorganic components and organic components with different particle sizes (the organic components are more than or equal to 30), the middle value of the proportion of each particle size fraction of the three-dimensional greening substrate is set, the proportion of each particle size fraction is adjusted according to the middle value by different plant types, the particle size smaller than 1mm is usually used as a main particle for adjusting the volume proportion, when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate exceeds 100%, the particle proportion smaller than 1mm is reduced for completing balance, and when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate is lower than 100%, the particle proportion smaller than 1mm is increased for completing balance.
And through theoretical research and experimental verification of the inventor, the matrix can reach the following standard, the volume weight of the physical index of the matrix is less than or equal to 0.8T/m for cultivating trees, the three-dimensional greening cultivation matrix has 15-30% of ventilation pores, 50-85% of total porosity, 40-50% of water holding pores and PH:5.0-8.5, conductivity EC ≦ 0.5m for dry harvest/cm.
When the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of more than 10mm in the matrix is too large, the proportion of the ventilation pores of the matrix is increased, and the water retention is poor.
The proper particle size of over 10mm is favorable to maintaining the absorption and storage of the matrix and protecting the root system.
When the substrate of the invention is manufactured, 1-5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added when the proportion of each grain size reaches the requirement, and a proper amount of bactericide, a proper amount of soil conditioner and a proper amount of plant growth regulator are added, and the dosage and the type are adjusted according to different plant types and are uniformly mixed.
As mentioned above, when the three-dimensional potted plant is a small plant, such as petunia, calendula, coreopsis, ophiopogon root, wild cattle grass and the like, the volume percentage of the particles of each size fraction larger than 1mm is smaller than the median of the particle size ratio; when the three-dimensional pot culture is large-scale plants, such as winter jasmine, fructus forsythiae and peony in woody plants, the volume percentage of the crushed particles of the clove with the particle size of more than 1mm is larger than the median of the particle size ratio. In addition, as subshrubes: lavender, herba hyperici setifolii, thyme, part of rhododendron and the like, and the grain size ratio can be about the middle value.
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram of the average distribution of the potted plant substrate particles according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the ratio of the different particle diameters of the inorganic component and the organic component is controlled as follows: the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction larger than 15mm is 0-25%, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction 10mm-15mm is 5-20%, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction 5mm-10mm but not containing 10mm is 10-20%, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction 1mm-5mm but not containing 5mm is 15-25%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction below 1mm is 25-55%.
In a preferred embodiment, the matrix comprises an organic component and an inorganic component; the inorganic component is at least one of perlite, slag, vermiculite and fly ash;
the organic component is selected to be at least one of: peat, coconut husk and planting, breeding and garden waste.
In a preferred embodiment, the three-dimensional pot culture is a small plant, the volume percentage of the particles in each size fraction larger than 1mm is smaller than the particle size ratio intermediate value, and the particle size ratio intermediate value is as follows:
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of the fraction greater than 15mm is 12.5%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm size fraction is 12.5%;
a volume percentage of 15% of nibs having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing a size fraction of 10 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 20%;
the volume percentage of the crushed pieces having a size of 1mm or less was 40%.
Preferably, the three-dimensional pot culture is a macrophyte, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of more than 1mm is larger than the median of the particle size ratio, and the median of the particle size ratio is as follows:
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of the fraction greater than 15mm is 12.5%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm size fraction is 12.5%;
a volume percentage of 15% of nibs having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing a size fraction of 10 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 20%;
the volume percentage of the crushed pieces having a size of 1mm or less was 40%.
The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the three-dimensional potted plant substrate, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a three-dimensional potting matrix and mixing the following components:
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of more than 15mm is 0-25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm is 5% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with a size of 5mm-10mm but without a size fraction of 10mm is 10% -20%;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 15% to 25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size below 1mm is 25-55%.
Preferably, after the proportion of each particle size reaches the requirement, 1-5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added and evenly mixed.
Preferably, the obtaining of the three-dimensional potting medium comprises:
the harmless fermentation product raw material formed by fermenting the planting and breeding wastes in the organic components is cut into pieces with the grain diameter of less than 30mm, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be more than 65 ℃, the fermentation time is 240-480 hours, and the fermentation humidity and the water content (wet basis) are 60-70%. The pH value of the substrate product is adjusted to 6.0-8.5, the conductivity EC is less than or equal to 0.5ms/cm, the organic matter is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the density is less than or equal to 0.8T/m < 3 >.
Preferably, the proportioning step includes: enabling the substrate raw material to pass through a screen with 15mm sieve pores, taking the particles which do not pass through the 15mm sieve pores, and obtaining the particles with the particle size of more than 15mm, wherein the particles are the 1 st particle size;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 15mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 10mm sieve mesh to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh as a 2 nd particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 10mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 5mm sieve mesh to obtain 3 rd particle grade of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 5mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 1mm sieve mesh to obtain 4 th particle size fraction of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain crushed particles with the particle size of less than 1mm, wherein the crushed particles are of the 5 th particle size;
mixing inorganic component particles and organic component particles of the 1 st size fraction, the 2 nd size fraction, the 3 rd size fraction, the 4 th size fraction and the 5 th size fraction in a set ratio.
Further preferably, the three-dimensional potting medium comprises inorganic components and organic components,
the inorganic component is at least one of perlite, slag, vermiculite and fly ash;
the organic component is selected to be at least one of: grass peat, coconut husk and planting and breeding waste are fermented to form harmless fermentation products.
Example 1
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional potting medium of the present invention, fig. 2 is a process flow chart of a crumb-screening process of a three-dimensional potting medium of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the screening process comprises the following steps:
grading and sieving the matrix raw materials, wherein the sieving steps are as follows:
and step S101, carrying out a grading sieving process on the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles, taking the particles which do not pass through a sieve hole of 15mm, and obtaining the particles which are all particles with the size fraction larger than 15mm, wherein the particles are the 1 st particle fraction. By this step, the 1 st fraction of the inorganic component granules and the 1 st fraction of the organic component granules can be obtained.
Step S102, taking the particles which pass through a 15mm sieve mesh, passing through a 10mm sieve mesh to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh as the 2 nd particle fraction, and obtaining the 2 nd particle fraction of inorganic component particles and the 2 nd particle fraction of organic component particles.
Step S103, taking the particles which pass through a sieve hole of 10mm, passing through a sieve of 5mm, and obtaining the particles which do not pass through the sieve hole as the 3 rd particle fraction, and obtaining the 3 rd particle fraction of the inorganic component particles and the 3 rd particle fraction of the organic component particles.
Step S104, taking the particles which pass through a 5mm sieve mesh, passing through a 1mm sieve mesh to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh as a 4 th particle fraction, and obtaining a 4 th particle fraction of inorganic component particles and a 4 th particle fraction of organic component particles.
Step S105, taking the particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain particles with particle size smaller than 1mm, wherein the particles are of 5 th particle size, and the 3 rd particle size of the inorganic component particles and the 3 rd particle size of the organic component particles are obtained.
The inorganic component particles and the organic component particles obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is more than 15mm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 10mm-15mm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 5mm-10mm but does not contain 10mm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 1mm-5mm but does not contain 5mm, and the 5 th particle size of the particle size less than 1 mm.
Setting an intermediate value of the ratio of the granules of each grade of the three-dimensional greening substrate according to the ratio of the granules of each grade adjusted according to the sizes of different plant species, adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade according to the intermediate value by different plant species, generally taking the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm as main granules for adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade, when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate exceeds 100%, performing compensation balance by reducing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm, and when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate is lower than 100%, performing compensation balance by increasing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1 mm.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process for making a three-dimensional potting substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4:
the method comprises the steps of crushing inorganic component raw materials, measuring the proportion of each grade, selecting and adding the organic component raw materials which are crushed and measured according to different plant species, and supplementing or reducing the screened grade particles with the size fraction smaller than 1mm to reach the reasonable range of the grade distribution when the volume ratio is insufficient or exceeded. This embodiment may be to mix the inorganic component and the organic component in a ratio, for example: when the current plant species and the environment need to use all the inorganic component particles, the inorganic component particles account for 100 percent, and the organic component particles account for 0 percent. When it is determined that the current plant species and the environment need to use both the inorganic component crushed grains and the organic component crushed grains, the object can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of the inorganic component crushed grains to the organic component crushed grains, for example, 70% of the inorganic component crushed grains and 30% of the organic component crushed grains. The specific inorganic component particles and organic component particles can be set independently according to different plants, requirements and environments.
Table 1 shows the practical experiment of the three-dimensional potting medium of this example for planting of maidenhair, which is cultivated in open-air ponds of a simulated base from 6 months in 2017 to 10 months in 2017, each group has 40 pots, the planting density is 1 plant/pot, the total is 3 formula groups and 1 control group, wherein 3 formula groups correspond to the three-dimensional potting medium formulas of examples 1 to 3, respectively, and the control group is the three-dimensional potting medium formula of example 4.
TABLE 1 three-dimensional potted plant substrate for experiments of planting peacock flowers
| Numbering | Fresh weight on the ground g | Fresh weight of underground g | Dry weight of ground g | Underground dry weight g |
| 1-1 | 141 | 3.46 | 35.71 | 1.96 |
| 2-1 | 145 | 2.48 | 41.02 | 1.46 |
| 3-1 | 85 | 2.26 | 21.61 | 1.31 |
| 4-1 | 17 | 1.82 | 8.48 | 1.04 |
For example, in the case of potted plants of maidenhair, the grain size ratio is less than the intermediate value because of maidenhair as a small plant, and the volume percentage of the 1 st-size fraction having a size of more than 15mm is 0%, the volume percentage of the 2 nd-size fraction having a size of 10mm to 15mm is less than 12.5%, the volume percentage of the 3 rd-size fraction having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing 10mm is less than 15%, the volume percentage of the 4 th-size fraction having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing 5mm is less than 20%, and the volume percentage of the 5 th-size fraction having a size of 1mm or less is more than 40%.
When the grain size ratio reaches the requirement, 1-5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added and uniformly mixed to serve as a three-dimensional pot culture substrate for planting the peacock flowers.
Setting an intermediate value of the ratio of the granules of each grade of the three-dimensional greening substrate according to the ratio of the granules of each grade adjusted according to the sizes of different plant species, adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade according to the intermediate value by different plant species, generally taking the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm as main granules for adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade, when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate exceeds 100%, performing compensation balance by reducing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm, and when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate is lower than 100%, performing compensation balance by increasing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1 mm.
According to the small plants of the malachite flowers, the organic and inorganic components may be controlled such that the volume percentage of the 1 st size fraction having a size of more than 15mm is 0%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component granules having a size of 10mm to 15mm is 5% and the volume percentage of the organic component granules is 5% as the volume percentage of the 2 nd size fraction is 12.5%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component granules having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing 10mm is 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component granules is 5% as the volume percentage of the 3 rd size fraction is 15%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component granules having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing 5mm is 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component granules is 10% as the volume percentage of the 4 th size fraction is 20%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component granules having a size of 1mm or less is 40% and the volume percentage of the organic component granules is 20% as the volume percentage of the 5 th size fraction is 60%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 5% of the 2 nd size fraction, 10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% of the 4 th size fraction and 40% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix in the formula 1;
the organic component particles are mixed as follows: the organic component mixed matrix in formula 1 was obtained by mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 7.5% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% of the 4 th size fraction and 20% of the 5 th size fraction thoroughly, and adjusting the proportion of the upper or lower size fraction to 1mm according to the plant size when the total amount of the size fractions was less than 100%.
Further, mixing the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles to obtain the three-dimensional potting matrix of the formula 1, adding 4 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer when the grain size ratio meets the requirement, adding a proper amount of bactericide, a proper amount of soil conditioner and a proper amount of plant growth regulator, adjusting the dosage and the type according to market commodity requirements, and uniformly mixing to obtain the final three-dimensional greening matrix. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the test data corresponding to the formula 1 in the table 1.
Example 2
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1, except that the particle diameter ratio of the inorganic component particles to the organic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of the 1 st fraction having a size of more than 15mm was 0%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 10mm to 15mm was 5% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 7.5% as the volume percentage of the 2 nd fraction, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not having a size of 10mm was 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 10% as the volume percentage of the 3 rd fraction was 20%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not having a size of 5mm was 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 10% as the volume percentage of the 4 th fraction was 20%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm or less was 20% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 20% as the volume percentage of the 5 th fraction was 40%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 5% of the 2 nd size fraction, 10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% of the 4 th size fraction and 20% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix in the formula 1;
the organic component particles are mixed as follows: the organic component mixed matrix in formulation 1 was obtained by mixing 0% of fraction 1, 7.5% of fraction 2, 10% of fraction 3, 10% of fraction 4 and 20% of fraction 5.
Further, the inorganic component crushed grains and the organic component crushed grains are mixed to obtain the three-dimensional potting matrix of the formula 2, when the grain size ratio meets the requirement, 3 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a proper amount of bactericide, a proper amount of soil conditioner and a proper amount of plant growth regulator are added, the amount and the types of the plant growth regulator are adjusted according to market commodity requirements, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to serve as the final three-dimensional greening matrix. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the corresponding test data of the formula 2 in the table 1.
Example 3
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1, except that the particle diameter ratio of the inorganic component particles to the organic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of the 1 st fraction having a size of more than 15mm was 0%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 10mm to 15mm was 5% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 7.5% as the volume percentage of the 2 nd fraction, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not having a size of 10mm was 5% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 10% as the volume percentage of the 3 rd fraction was 15%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not having a size of 5mm was 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 10% as the volume percentage of the 4 th fraction was 20%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm or less was 20% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles was 40% as the volume percentage of the 5 th fraction was 60%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 5% of the 2 nd size fraction, 5% of the 3 rd size fraction, 5% of the 4 th size fraction and 15% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix in the formula 1;
the organic component particles are mixed as follows: the organic component mixed matrix in formulation 1 was obtained by mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 10% of the 2 nd size fraction, 10% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% of the 4 th size fraction, and 40% of the 5 th size fraction.
Further, mixing the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles to obtain a three-dimensional potting matrix of a formula 3, adding 2 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer when the grain size ratio meets the requirement, adding a proper amount of bactericide, a proper amount of soil conditioner and a proper amount of plant growth regulator, adjusting the dosage and the type according to market commodity requirements, and uniformly mixing to obtain the final three-dimensional greening matrix. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the corresponding test data of the formula 3 in the table 1.
Example 4
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1, except that the matrix does not contain organic component particles, and the particle size of the inorganic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed grains with the size of more than 15mm is controlled to be 0 percent, and the volume percentage of the crushed grains with the size of less than 1mm is controlled to be 40 percent.
The volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed grains is controlled to be 20% in the size fraction of 10mm-15mm, the volume percentage of the crushed grains is controlled to be 20% in the size fraction of 5mm-10mm but not containing 10mm, and the volume percentage of the crushed grains is controlled to be 20% in the size fraction of 1mm-5mm but not containing 5 mm.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix in formulation 3 was obtained by mixing 0% of the 1 st size fraction, 20% of the 2 nd size fraction, 20% of the 3 rd size fraction, 20% of the 4 th size fraction, and 40% of the 5 th size fraction.
Furthermore, the three-dimensional potting medium of the formula 4 does not contain organic components of coconut coir and harmless fermentation products prepared by fermenting planting and breeding wastes. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the test data corresponding to the formula 4 in the table 1.
Example 5
Table 2 shows the practical experiment of the three-dimensional potting medium of this embodiment for planting cockscomb, which is cultivated in open-air ponds of the three-dimensional greening simulation base from 6 months in 2017 to 11 months in 2017, each group has 40 pots, the planting density is 1 plant/pot, 1 formula group and 1 control group, which correspond to the experimental data of example 5, no. 1-1, and the control group corresponds to the formula of the three-dimensional potting medium of example 5, no. 2-1.
TABLE 2 three-dimensional potting substrate for cockscomb planting test
| Numbering | Fresh weight on the ground g | Fresh weight of underground g | Dry weight on ground g | Underground dry weight g |
| 1-1 | 80 | 8.3 | 20.55 | 2.01 |
| 2-1 | 65 | 4.06 | 16.88 | 1.18 |
According to the cockscomb, which is a miniature plant, the organic and inorganic components can be controlled so that the particle size ratio is less than the median value, and the volume percentage of the 1 st size fraction having a size of more than 15mm is 0%, the volume percentage of the 2 nd size fraction having a size of 10mm-15mm is less than 12.5%, the volume percentage of the 3 rd size fraction having a size of 5mm-10mm but not 10mm is less than 15%, the volume percentage of the 4 th size fraction having a size of 1mm-5mm but not 5mm is less than 20%, and the volume percentage of the 5 th size fraction below the 1mm size fraction is more than 40%.
When the grain size ratio reaches the requirement, 1-5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added and uniformly mixed to be used as a three-dimensional potted plant substrate for planting the cockscomb.
Setting an intermediate value of the ratio of the granules of each grade of the three-dimensional greening substrate according to the ratio of the granules of each grade adjusted according to the sizes of different plant species, adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade according to the intermediate value by different plant species, generally taking the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm as main granules for adjusting the ratio of the granules of each grade, when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate exceeds 100%, performing compensation balance by reducing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1mm, and when the volume percentage of the adjusted substrate is lower than 100%, performing compensation balance by increasing the ratio of the granules with the diameter smaller than 1 mm.
According to the cockscomb as a small plant, the organic component and the inorganic component can be controlled such that the volume percentage of the 1 st size fraction having a size of more than 15mm is 0%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 10mm to 15mm is 5% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles is 5% as the volume percentage of the 2 nd size fraction is 12.5%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing 10mm is 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles is 5% as the volume percentage of the 3 rd size fraction is 15%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing 5mm is 10% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles is 10% as the volume percentage of the 4 th size fraction is 20%, the volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles having a size of 1mm or less is 40% and the volume percentage of the organic component crushed particles is 20% as the volume percentage of the 5 th size fraction is 60%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 0% of the 1 st fraction, 5% of the 2 nd fraction, 10% of the 3 rd fraction, 10% of the 4 th fraction and 40% of the 5 th fraction to obtain an inorganic component mixed matrix in formula 1;
the organic component particles are mixed as follows: the organic component mixed matrix in formulation 1 was obtained by mixing 0% of fraction 1, 7.5% of fraction 2, 5% of fraction 3, 10% of fraction 4 and 20% of fraction 5.
Further, the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles are mixed to obtain the three-dimensional potting matrix of the formula 1, when the proportion of each particle size reaches the requirement, 5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a proper amount of bactericide, a proper amount of soil conditioner and a proper amount of plant growth regulator are added, the using amount and the type of the plant growth regulator are adjusted after being added according to market commodity requirements, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to serve as the final three-dimensional potting matrix. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the test data corresponding to the formula 1 in the table 2.
According to the planting test of the malachite grass and the cockscomb, the formula of the potted three-dimensional greening substrate is close to 60% of the size fraction smaller than 1mm, the sum of the four size fractions larger than 1mm is close to 40%, the volume ratio of the size fraction smaller than 1mm to 40% of the control group is obvious, and the experiment shows that 3 formulas of the malachite grass and 1 formula of the cockscomb are better than that of the control group, so the experiment proves that the substrate for the small herbaceous flower plants is close to be thinner, the water retention is better, and the permeability can be properly lower.
The proper permeability and water retention property are beneficial to accumulation of dry and fresh substances on the overground part and the underground part, the small-sized plants have poor water retention property and poor water retention type, the growth vigor can be reduced, the roots of the tall and large-sized plants are developed and deep, the proper permeability is improved, the growth of crops is not influenced, and the water retention load can be reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional potted plant substrate is characterized in that,
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of more than 15mm is 0-25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm is 5% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with a size of 5mm-10mm but without a size fraction of 10mm is 10% -20%;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 15% to 25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size below 1mm is 25-55 percent;
wherein, the paint comprises organic components and inorganic components;
the inorganic component is selected from at least one of perlite, slag, vermiculite or fly ash;
the organic component is selected to be at least one of: grass peat, coconut chaff and harmless fermentation products formed by fermentation of planting, breeding and garden wastes.
2. The three-dimensional potting substrate of claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional potted plant is a small plant, the volume percentage of broken grains of each grain size which is larger than 1mm is smaller than the median of the grain size ratio, and the median of the grain size ratio is as follows:
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of the fraction greater than 15mm is 12.5%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm size fraction is 12.5%;
a volume percentage of 15% of nibs having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing a size fraction of 10 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 20%;
the volume percentage of the crushed pieces having a size of 1mm or less was 40%.
3. The three-dimensional potting substrate of claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional potted plant is a large-scale plant, the volume percentage of broken grains of each grain size larger than 1mm is larger than the median of the grain size ratio, and the median of the grain size ratio is as follows:
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of the fraction greater than 15mm is 12.5%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm is 12.5%;
a volume percentage of 15% of nibs having a size of 5mm to 10mm but not containing a size fraction of 10 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 20%;
the volume percentage of the crushed pieces having a size of 1mm or less was 40%.
4. The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional potting medium is characterized in that the three-dimensional potting medium is obtained and is prepared according to the following mixture ratio:
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of more than 15mm is 0-25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 10mm-15mm is 5% -20%;
10-20% by volume of nibs having a size of 5-10 mm but not containing a size fraction of 10 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 1mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is 15% to 25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size below 1mm is 25-55 percent;
wherein, still include:
when the proportion of each particle fraction meets the requirement, 1-5 per mill of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added and mixed evenly.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the method for obtaining the three-dimensional potting matrix comprises the following steps:
cutting harmless fermentation product raw materials formed by fermenting planting and breeding wastes in organic components into pieces with the grain size of less than 30mm, controlling the fermentation temperature to be more than 65 ℃, fermenting for 240-480 hours, adjusting the fermentation humidity to 60-70% of wet base water content, adjusting the pH value of a substrate product to be 0-8.5, adjusting the electric conductivity EC to be less than or equal to 0.5ms/cm, adjusting the organic matters to be more than or equal to 30% and adjusting the density to be less than 0.8T/m < 3 >.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the proportioning step comprises the following steps: enabling the substrate raw material to pass through a screen with 15mm sieve pores, taking the particles which do not pass through the 15mm sieve pores, and obtaining the particles with the particle size of more than 15mm, wherein the particles are the 1 st particle size;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 15mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 10mm sieve mesh to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh as a 2 nd particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 10mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 5mm sieve mesh to obtain 3 rd particle grade of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a 5mm sieve mesh, and passing through a 1mm sieve mesh to obtain 4 th particle size fraction of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain crushed particles with the particle size of less than 1mm, wherein the crushed particles are of the 5 th particle size;
mixing inorganic component particles and organic component particles of the 1 st size fraction, the 2 nd size fraction, the 3 rd size fraction, the 4 th size fraction and the 5 th size fraction in a set ratio.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the three-dimensional pot culture substrate comprises an inorganic component and an organic component,
the inorganic component is selected from at least one of perlite, slag and vermiculite;
the organic component is selected to be at least one of: grass peat, coconut chaff and planting and breeding waste are fermented to form harmless fermentation products.
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