CN112335520B - Potato virus-free seedling culture substrate produced by mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Potato virus-free seedling culture substrate produced by mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN112335520B
CN112335520B CN202011212037.2A CN202011212037A CN112335520B CN 112335520 B CN112335520 B CN 112335520B CN 202011212037 A CN202011212037 A CN 202011212037A CN 112335520 B CN112335520 B CN 112335520B
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particles
size
potato
volume
inorganic component
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CN112335520A (en
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田小坡
刘克锋
宁艳民
杨萌
鲁琳
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

A culture medium for potato virus-free seedling and its preparation method are provided. The cultivation matrix for the potato virus-free seedlings comprises inorganic components, wherein in the inorganic components: the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 15-20%, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 15-25%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is 40-60%. According to the culture substrate for the potato virus-free seedlings, disclosed by the invention, a plurality of inorganic substances are used as raw materials, the gap proportion, namely the pore size distribution, of the substrate is controlled by regulating and controlling the particle size fractions with different sizes in the substrate, so that a scientific and reasonable seedling substrate is established, the supply of water, oxygen and nutrition required by the culture of the potato virus-free seedlings is met to the greatest extent, and the large-scale, factory-like, efficient and low-cost culture and production of high-quality potato seeds are realized.

Description

Potato virus-free seedling culture substrate produced by mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a potato virus-free seedling culture substrate produced by a mechanical composition method and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The potato is the fourth crop of the world following corn, rice and wheat, has strong adaptability, multiple cultivation modes and good economic benefit, is widely planted in many countries and regions, and is the largest non-cereal food in the world. The development of the potato industry has great significance for guaranteeing food safety, promoting agricultural modernization, developing regional economy and the like.
The quality of the potatoes and the high and low yield are the key points of potato planting. Therefore, the potato seed industry plays an important role in the potato industry chain.
The potato is susceptible to various viruses in the cultivation process, complex symptoms such as leaf curl, mosaic, bundle top dwarfing and the like are generated, the potato is an asexual propagation crop, the viruses in the body can be accumulated generation by generation, and the yield and the quality of the potato are seriously reduced. Therefore, in China, the stem tip tissue culture is mainly combined with virus detection to detoxify the potatoes, and then the detoxified seed potatoes are produced for production. The 'detoxification' is to remove the virus accumulated and infected by the potato itself, and combine the stem tip detoxification and virus-free seed potato breeding to form a complete detoxification and rapid propagation seed supply system, which is the best method for improving the yield and quality of the potato seed. The popularization and application of the virus-free seed potatoes in the potato production in China are extremely successful, and the popularization and application of the virus-free seed potatoes as an important basis of high-yield cultivation gradually become a lead for the development of the potato industry. The potato seed without virus can not only ensure the product quality, but also improve the yield by 30-50%, therefore, the potato seed becomes the special purpose of the potato seed without virus.
At present, the potato virus-free rapid propagation by utilizing the stem tip tissue culture technology is widely applied to production practice, and is the most direct and effective method for solving the problem of potato seed degeneration at present. The method can keep the yield increase potential of the excellent potato variety for a long time, and provides high-quality seeds for production continuously through a certain excellent seed breeding system. The matrix for producing the potato mini-potato by soilless culture usually adopts vermiculite and turf, the turf in China is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, inner Mongolia and other places, is limited by production places, is expensive in long-distance transportation, belongs to non-renewable resources, and belongs to non-exploitation resources in China. Vermiculite belongs to mica group secondary minerals, is widely distributed in China, but is mainly produced in the Guishou county of Shijiazhuang, has complex process and high price, and can generate great environmental protection problems in the production process. In actual production, after being recycled, the particles become smaller gradually, the air permeability is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the miniature potatoes are influenced.
Therefore, a substrate which is low in price, can replace turf and vermiculite, can reduce the cost of seed potato production, and realizes large-scale, factory-like, efficient and low-cost production of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes and stable seed potato cultivation substrate is urgently needed in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a detoxified potato cultivation medium using fly ash and slag as raw materials and a method for manufacturing the same, which are intended to solve at least part of the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mechanically-produced potato cultivation substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate comprises inorganic components, wherein, among the inorganic components: the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 15% -20%, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 15% -25%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is 40% -60%.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for manufacturing a potato cultivation substrate, comprising the steps of:
mechanically crushing and sieving the inorganic components, wherein the crushed particles with the size fraction of more than 2mm are subjected to classified screening, the crushed particles with the size fraction of less than 2mm are subjected to water spraying screening, and each screened size fraction is air-dried or dried;
mixing the inorganic component particles of each size fraction according to a set proportion.
As still another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate prepared according to the above method for manufacturing a potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the matrix material and the preparation method thereof have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the volume percentage ratio of the matrix materials with different grain diameters to ensure that the porosity of the matrix is proper, thereby meeting the supply of moisture, oxygen and nutrition of plants to the maximum extent;
the invention selects industrial waste components as main materials in the materials of the substrate, thereby achieving the purpose of environmental protection while saving economic consumption;
the invention has the advantages that the material of the matrix can meet the low-cost and high-benefit requirements of cultivation of the potato virus-free seedlings, and the large-scale, industrialized, high-efficiency and low-cost production can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for manufacturing a culture substrate for virus-free potato seedlings according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention for screening crushed potato virus-free seedling culture medium.
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram showing the average distribution of inorganic component particles in the culture substrate for potato virus-free seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process for cultivating a substrate for virus-free potato seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a culture substrate for potato virus-free seedlings produced by a mechanical composition method and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for culturing the potato virus-free seedlings. The culture medium for adjusting the potato virus-free seedlings is as follows: the method comprises the steps of mechanically crushing inorganic component raw materials to obtain inorganic component particles, respectively screening the inorganic component and the organic component with the particle size of less than 2mm by water spraying through sieves with different sizes, air-drying or drying the separated inorganic component particles with different particle sizes to obtain the inorganic component particles, firstly measuring the particle size distribution of 2-3 crushed or original raw materials, mixing 2-3 materials by scientific calculation to reach a certain reasonable particle size distribution proportion, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the required culture substrate after the materials meet the standard requirements if one or more particle sizes are insufficient.
It is worth mentioning that the natural water content of each grade is not required to be measured in advance before the volume ratio of each grade is measured, and the direct volume is adopted for proportioning.
Through years of research, the inventor of the invention finds that in order to meet the requirements, the proportion of inorganic components in the substrate can be controlled, meanwhile, the particle size distribution of the inorganic components can be respectively controlled, the standard pore size distribution can be achieved by reconstructing the standard particle size distribution of the culture substrate, the scientific and reasonable culture substrate is established, and the water, oxygen and nutrition supply required by potatoes is met to the maximum extent. The inventor thinks according to theoretical analysis that the dual requirements of the plant root system on water holding and permeability can be ensured by meeting the growth requirement of the potato on the culture medium and controlling the mechanical composition of the medium.
Specifically, the cultivation matrix for the potato virus-free seedlings is formed by mixing inorganic components with different particle sizes, and coconut coir can be selectively added as an organic component when needed.
And through theoretical research and experimental verification of the inventor, the matrix can reach the following standard, and the volume weight of the physical index of the matrix is 0.2-0.6g/cm 3 The culture substrate has 12-25% of ventilation pores, 55-75% of total porosity and 35-70% of water holding pores.
When the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles having a size of 0.5mm or more is too large, the substrate activity is small and the immobilization is poor due to a small cation exchange amount.
When the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles having a size of 0.5mm or less is too large, the retention of the matrix layer is greatly and positively affected, but the permeability is negatively affected.
The proper inorganic component composition and organic component composition below 0.5mm are favorable for increasing the absorption and storage of the matrix and promoting the development of root systems.
The inorganic component is preferably a substance having a small volume weight and good permeability, for example, an industrial waste such as vermiculite, slag (pulverized), fly ash, silt and the like as a main raw material.
In the production of the substrate of the present invention, 1 to 3 pulverized raw materials and raw materials as they are selected, coarse particles larger than 5mm or larger than 10mm are sieved out, the natural distribution ratio of each fraction is measured, and the natural distribution ratio of each fraction of the inorganic component to be used is selected and mixed in a complementary ratio. The two or three components are mixed to be closest to the required size distribution state, if some size has deviation, the selected size is selected for complete supplement, and the components are mixed uniformly after reaching the standard.
As mentioned above, the pore size distribution is generally adjusted by the combination of different size fractions, i.e. the mechanical composition, to ensure air and water retention porosityIt is necessary that the minimum size fraction also has the function of adjusting the absorption rate of available nutrients, and the size fraction of inorganic components smaller than 0.25mm is controlled not to exceed 20%, and the size fraction larger than 2mm is controlled to be smaller than 20%. The ratio of the inorganic components is controlled so that the plant growth carrier is not excessively reduced. In order to control the medium permeation rate to be moderate, the volume weight of the physical index of the medium is 0.2-0.6g/cm 3 The culture medium has 12-25% of ventilation pores, 55-75% of total porosity and 35-70% of water holding pores, and achieves the purposes of supplying oxygen through, holding water and keeping fertilizer.
FIG. 3 is a composition diagram showing the average distribution of the inorganic component particles in the culture medium for potato virus-free seedlings in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the ratio of the different particle sizes of the inorganic components is controlled as follows: in the inorganic component, the volume percentage of particles with the size of 2mm-5mm is 5% -20%; the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is 40% -60%; the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 15% -25%; the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 15% -20%; the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 5-20%.
During manufacturing, the inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 5% -20% of the 1 st size fraction, 40% -60% of the 2 nd size fraction, 15% -25% of the 3 rd size fraction, 15% -20% of the 4 th size fraction and 5% -20% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the potato virus-free seedling cultivation matrix with mixed inorganic components.
In a preferred embodiment, 60-100% by volume of the inorganic component and 0-40% by volume of the organic component can be mixed to obtain the potato virus-free seedling culture substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the potato cultivation substrate of the present invention, comprises inorganic ingredients and organic ingredients,
the volume percentage of the inorganic component accounts for 60-100% of the total volume of the substrate;
the volume percentage of the organic component accounts for 0-40% of the total volume of the substrate,
wherein, in the inorganic component:
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 15% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 15% -25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is 40% -60%.
Preferably, the inorganic component is mechanically crushed and sieved, wherein crushed particles with a size fraction of more than 2mm are classified and sieved, and crushed particles with a size fraction of less than 2mm are subjected to water-spraying and sieving.
Preferably, in the inorganic component, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 2mm-5mm is 5-20%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 5-20%;
preferably, the inorganic component is selected from fly ash, slag, vermiculite; the organic component is coconut husk.
Preferably, the vermiculite represents 0-50% of the total volume of the matrix;
the fly ash with the grain size of less than 1mm and the slag with the grain size of 1-5mm account for 50-100% of the total volume of the matrix.
Preferably, the vermiculite represents 0-50% of the total volume of the matrix;
the fly ash with the grain diameter of less than 1mm and the slag with the grain diameter of 1-5mm account for 50-100% of the total volume of the substrate.
Preferably, the coconut coir is crushed into nibs having a particle size of less than 5 mm.
The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the culture substrate for the potato virus-free seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
mechanically crushing and sieving inorganic components, wherein crushed particles with the size fraction of more than 2mm are classified and screened, crushed particles with the size fraction of less than 2mm are subjected to water spraying and screening, and each screened size fraction is air-dried or dried;
mixing the inorganic component particles of each size fraction according to a set proportion.
In a preferred embodiment, the manufacturing method may further include the step of mixing the mixed inorganic ingredient particles with the organic ingredient particles, wherein the inorganic ingredient particles account for 60% to 100% of the total volume of the matrix.
Preferably, the inorganic components after being classified and sieved all meet the following mixture ratio:
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 2mm-5mm is 5% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is 40% -60%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 15% -25%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 15% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of the fraction less than 0.25mm is 5-20%.
Preferably, the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:
passing the inorganic raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the crushed particles passing through the 5mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 2mm sieve pores to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st size fraction;
taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes with the diameter of 2mm, and passing through a screen with the diameter of 1mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are the 2 nd particle grade;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.5mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade;
taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.25mm to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are the 4 th particle fraction;
taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size;
mixing inorganic component particles of the 1 st size fraction, the 2 nd size fraction, the 3 rd size fraction, the 4 th size fraction and the 5 th size fraction in a set ratio.
Preferably, the manufacturing method further includes the steps of:
mixing the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles, wherein the inorganic component particles account for 60-100% of the total volume of the matrix;
further preferably, the organic component crushed grains are coconut coir, and the coconut coir is crushed into grains with the size of less than 5 mm. The invention also discloses a potato virus-free seedling culture substrate prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of a crumb size screening process of the potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the screening process includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of screening inorganic component raw materials in grades:
step S101, performing a grading sieving process on the particles, enabling the particles to pass through a screen with 5mm sieve holes, taking the particles which pass through the 5mm sieve holes, and enabling the particles to pass through a screen with 2mm sieve holes to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes: fraction 1. By this step, the 1 st size fraction of the inorganic granules and the 1 st size fraction of the organic granules can be obtained.
Further, the crushed pieces not passing through the 5mm mesh were crushed, and the crushed pieces were passed through a sieve having a 5mm mesh again.
Step S102, taking the particles which pass through the 2mm sieve mesh, and passing through a screen with a 1mm sieve mesh to obtain the 2 nd particle grade of the inorganic particles which do not pass through the sieve mesh.
Step S103, taking the particles which pass through the 1mm sieve hole, and passing through a screen with a 0.5mm sieve hole to obtain the 3 rd particle fraction of the inorganic particles which do not pass through the sieve hole.
And step S104, taking the particles which pass through the screen hole of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen with a screen hole of 0.25mm to obtain the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles which do not pass through the screen hole.
And step S105, taking inorganic component particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain particles with particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the particles are the 5 th particle size of the inorganic particles.
The inorganic component granules obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 2mm-5mm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 1mm-2mm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 0.5mm-1mm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 0.25mm-0.5mm, and the particle size of the 5 th particle is less than 0.25 mm.
Considering the inorganic component ratio, 2-3 natural or crushed raw materials are measured to obtain the size fraction distribution, the size fraction distribution is close to the target ratio after the mixing by scientific calculation, and then the deficient parts are filled, and figure 4 is a process flow chart of the culture substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings in one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4:
the proportion of each grade is determined after the inorganic component raw materials are crushed, the organic component raw materials are mixed to approach the requirement required by the formula, and the insufficient grade is filled with the screened grade particles to reach the reasonable range of the grade distribution. In this embodiment, the inorganic component and the organic component may be mixed in proportion, and in order to control the ratio of the particle size in the matrix, the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles in the size fraction of 2mm to 5mm is controlled to be 5%, and the volume percentage of the particles in the size fraction of 0.25mm or less is controlled to be 20%.
The volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is controlled to be 40%, the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 20%, and the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 15%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix was obtained by mixing 5% of the 1 st fraction, 40% of the 2 nd fraction, 20% of the 3 rd fraction, 15% of the 4 th fraction, and 20% of the 5 th fraction.
Further, 60 volume percent of the inorganic component and 40 volume percent of the organic component, namely coconut chaff, are mixed to obtain the detoxified seedling culture substrate of the potato formula 1.
Table 1 shows the actual test of the potato virus-free seedling substrate manufactured by the mechanical composition method of this embodiment for potato seed planting, the test is from 13 days at 4 months in 2019 to 20 days at 7 months in 2019, demonstrated in a potato seed production base in the north of zhangbei county in hebei province, the planting area is 1000 square meters, the planting density is 400 plants/square meters at 300-year cost, 5 square distribution groups are provided in total, and a control group, wherein 5 formulas respectively correspond to the potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate formula manufactured by the mechanical composition method of examples 1 to 5, and the control group is 100% of the substrate manufactured by vermiculite.
TABLE 1 cultivation of potatoes in a seedling substrate with adjustment of moisture configuration
Formula set The survival rate is high Yield of 20 plants (granules) Average yield (grain)
Formulation 1 91 134 6.7
Formulation 2 93 144 7.2
Formulation 3 89 129 6.45
Formulation 4 94 138 6.9
Formulation 5 90 131 6.55
Control group 82 118 5.9
Example 2
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1 except that the particle size of the inorganic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of crushed particles with the size of 2mm-5mm in the inorganic component crushed particles is controlled to be 10 percent, and the volume percentage of crushed particles with the size of below 0.25mm in the inorganic component crushed particles is controlled to be 5 percent.
The volume percentage of crushed particles with the size of 1mm-2mm in the inorganic component crushed particles is controlled to be 45 percent, the volume percentage of crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 20 percent, and the volume percentage of crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 20 percent.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix in formulation 2 was obtained by mixing 10% of the 1 st fraction, 45% of the 2 nd fraction, 20% of the 3 rd fraction, 20% of the 4 th fraction, and 5% of the 5 th fraction.
Further, 70 volume percent of the inorganic component and 30 volume percent of the organic component, namely coconut chaff, are mixed to obtain the potato virus-free seedling culture substrate of the formula 2. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the corresponding test data of the formula 2 in the table 1.
Example 3
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1 except that the particle size of the inorganic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles with the size of 2mm-5mm is controlled to be 15%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is controlled to be 5%.
The volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is controlled to be 40%, the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 25%, and the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 15%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix in formulation 3 was obtained by mixing 15% of the 1 st size fraction, 40% of the 2 nd size fraction, 25% of the 3 rd size fraction, 15% of the 4 th size fraction, and 5% of the 5 th size fraction.
Further, the potato virus-free seedling cultivation matrix of the formula 3 does not contain an organic component coconut husk. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the test data corresponding to the formula 3 in the table 1.
Example 4
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1 except that the particle size of the inorganic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of particles with the size of 2mm-5mm in the inorganic component particles is controlled to be 10%, and the volume percentage of particles with the size of less than 0.25mm in the inorganic component particles is controlled to be 10%.
The volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is controlled to be 40%, the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 15%, and the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 25%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix in formulation 4 was obtained by mixing 10% of the 1 st fraction, 40% of the 2 nd fraction, 15% of the 3 rd fraction, 25% of the 4 th fraction, and 10% of the 5 th fraction.
Further, the potato virus-free seedling culture medium of the formula 4 does not contain an organic component coconut husk. The test data of the actual planting is shown in the test data corresponding to the formula 4 in the table 1.
Example 5
The manufacturing method is the same as example 1 except that the particle size of the inorganic component particles is adjusted to:
the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles with the size of 2mm-5mm is controlled to be 5%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is controlled to be 5%.
The volume percentage of the inorganic component crushed particles with the size of 1mm-2mm is controlled to be 60%, the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 15%, and the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 15%.
The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix in formulation 5 was obtained by mixing 5% of the 1 st size fraction, 60% of the 2 nd size fraction, 15% of the 3 rd size fraction, 15% of the 4 th size fraction, and 5% of the 5 th size fraction.
Further, the potato virus-free seedling culture medium of the formula 5 does not contain an organic component coconut husk. The test data for its actual planting is found in the test data corresponding to formulation 5 in table 1.
From the investigation, the seed potato cultivation substrate produced by using the fly ash, the furnace slag and the vermiculite is higher than that of a control group by using the vermiculite as the cultivation substrate, the survival rate is averagely higher by more than 10%, the average yield is higher by more than 10%, and the yield of a single seed potato plant reaches 6-7 grains, so that the yield is higher.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. The cultivation matrix for the potato virus-free seedlings is characterized by comprising inorganic components, wherein the inorganic components are selected from fly ash, furnace slag and vermiculite;
wherein, in the inorganic component:
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm but without the size fraction of 0.5mm is 15% -20%;
the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm but without the size fraction of 1mm is 15% -25%;
(ii) 40-60% by volume of nibs having a size of 1-2 mm but not containing a size fraction of 2 mm;
the volume percentage of the nibs having a size of 2mm to 5mm but not containing a fraction of 5mm is between 5% and 20%;
the volume percentage of particles with a size below the size fraction of 0.25mm but without 0.25mm is between 5% and 20%.
2. The potato detoxification seedling cultivation matrix according to claim 1, wherein: the vermiculite accounts for 0-50% of the total volume of the matrix;
the fly ash with the grain diameter of less than 1mm and the slag with the grain diameter of 1mm-5mm but not containing 5mm account for 50-100% of the total volume of the matrix.
3. The potato detoxification seedling cultivation matrix according to claim 1, wherein the potato detoxification seedling cultivation matrix further comprises an organic component.
4. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation matrix according to claim 3, wherein the volume percentage of the organic component is 0-40% of the total volume of the matrix.
5. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 3, wherein the organic component is coconut coir.
6. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 5, wherein the coconut coir is pulverized into particles having a size of less than 5 mm.
7. A manufacturing method of a culture substrate for virus-free potato seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mechanically pulverizing and sieving inorganic components; wherein the inorganic component is selected from fly ash, slag and vermiculite; after screening, each grain size is air-dried or dried; and the inorganic components after grading and sieving meet the following mixture ratio: 40-60% by volume of nibs of size fraction 1-2 mm but not containing 2mm, 15-25% by volume of nibs of size fraction 0.5-1 mm but not containing 1mm, 15-20% by volume of nibs of size fraction 0.25-0.5 mm but not containing 0.5mm, 5-20% by volume of nibs of size fraction 2-5 mm but not containing 5mm, 5-20% by volume of nibs of size fraction less than 0.25 mm; mixing the inorganic component particles of each size fraction according to a set proportion.
8. The method of manufacturing of claim 7, wherein the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:
passing the inorganic raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the particles passing through the 5mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 2mm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are inorganic component particles of the 1 st size fraction;
taking the crushed particles passing through the sieve openings of 2mm, and passing through a sieve of 1mm to obtain inorganic component crushed particles of which the crushed particles not passing through the sieve openings are the 2 nd size fraction;
taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve holes of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.5mm to obtain inorganic component crushed particles of which the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve holes are the 3 rd grade;
taking the crushed particles passing through the sieve with the mesh of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen with the mesh of 0.25mm to obtain inorganic component crushed particles with the 4 th size fraction of the crushed particles not passing through the sieve;
taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are inorganic component crushed particles with the 5 th particle size;
mixing the inorganic component particles of the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th fractions in the set ratio.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
mixing the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles, wherein the inorganic component particles account for 60-100% of the total volume of the matrix.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the organic component crumbs are coconut coir, and the coconut coir is pulverized into crumbs having a particle size of less than 5 mm.
11. A potato virus-free seedling cultivation substrate prepared by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.
CN202011212037.2A 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Potato virus-free seedling culture substrate produced by mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof Active CN112335520B (en)

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CN101810131B (en) * 2010-05-07 2011-05-04 甘肃省敦煌种业股份有限公司玉门市种子公司 Detoxified potato primary stock culture medium
CN108029503A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-15 李南飞 The preparation method of virus-free potato primary stock special bio organic substrate
CN111374049A (en) * 2018-12-30 2020-07-07 甘肃康勤薯业有限公司 Culture medium for virus-free seedlings of hydroponic potatoes and application of culture medium
CN111448962A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-07-28 云南泵龙马铃薯种植有限公司 Breeding method of virus-free miniature potatoes
CN111602579B (en) * 2020-06-04 2022-11-15 刘克锋 Autotrophic roof greening matrix and manufacturing method thereof
CN111602578B (en) * 2020-06-04 2022-09-06 刘克锋 Garden type roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof
CN111602577B (en) * 2020-06-04 2022-09-06 刘克锋 Simple roof greening substrate and manufacturing method thereof
CN111699972A (en) * 2020-07-01 2020-09-25 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院(恩施土家族苗族自治州硒应用技术与产品开发研究院) Construction method of breeding system of virus-free seed potatoes

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