CN112314390B

CN112314390B - Gardening seedling culture medium produced by simple mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112314390B
Application number: CN202010928669.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘笑冰; 刘克锋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-07
Filing date: 2020-09-07
Publication date: 2022-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-07
Also published as: CN112314390A

Abstract

A gardening seedling substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method comprises organic components and inorganic components, wherein the inorganic components account for 0-60% of the whole seedling substrate by volume percentage; the organic component accounts for 40-100% of the whole seedling culture substrate by volume; in the inorganic component, the volume percentage of particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm is 44% -58%; in the organic component, the volume percentage of particles with the size of 0.25mm-3mm is 44% -58%. The horticultural seedling raising substrate of the invention is characterized in that the materials forming the substrate are classified and positioned according to the grade, one or more materials are optimally mixed to be close to the standard value of the grade distribution, and then the particles with the standard grade are used for complementing the insufficient part, so that the standard grade distribution is finally achieved. The particle size distribution is used for ensuring the reasonability of the particle size distribution, and further ensuring the stability of the aperture distribution of the seedling substrate.

Description

Gardening seedling culture medium produced by simple mechanical composition method and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant growth substrates, and particularly relates to a gardening seedling substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for seedling growth of horticultural crops.

Background

The substrate is an artificial soil, which is an ideal soil-substrate prepared by mixing one or more organic materials and inorganic materials according to a certain proportion and according to the requirements of different stages of plant seed germination, growth and development on water, fertilizer, gas and heat.

As early as the beginning of the 20 th century, europe began to develop soilless culture substrates by using turf, and the United states began to research and develop in the 20-30 th century. By the beginning of European and American 20 th century 50-60 years, a whole series of mixed substrates and potted plant substrates are introduced, a large number of substrate research institutes, research stations and substrate manufacturers appear, and the industrial and commercial production of the substrates is greatly promoted.

Since the 21 st century, matrix research and production has entered a new phase. Automatic production regulation and control, and integration management of basification and water and fertilizer is integrated together along with the modern irrigation technology. The seedling raising and cultivation substrate quality and standardization of the horticultural crops promote the integrated management of water and fertilizer and greatly improve the product quality and yield. In particular, the standardization of the substrate research and production overcomes the defects of a simple production method with different material proportions, enters a new scientific production mode of controlling pore size distribution and adjusting the configuration of water and fertilizer, and appears a large number of specialized substrate production companies. The development of the fourth generation of matrix promotes the rapid progress of modern agriculture and urban ecology from greenhouse flower, seedling and vegetable seedling cultivation to three-dimensional greening and courtyard planting.

One significant feature of modern agriculture is modern facilities and equipment. Modern facilities are equipped with modern equipment to realize high yield of horticultural crops, and a standardized plant growth carrier, namely artificial soil-substrate, cannot be left. A standard matrix can overcome polymorphism and variability caused by the texture of natural soil-the mechanical composition of natural size fractions. By controlling the mechanical composition of the matrix, namely the size fraction distribution, the rationality of the porosity ratio and the pore size distribution standardization are achieved.

At present, a series of matrixes suitable for integrated management and intelligent management of water and fertilizers and a novel controllable matrix construction technology for controlling pore size distribution by particle size distribution exceeding different material proportions are urgently needed in the market, and a series of matrixes with stable properties urgently needed in modern agriculture are met.

Disclosure of Invention

The main object of the present invention is to provide a horticultural seedling raising substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method and a method for producing the same, which are intended to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a horticultural seedling medium having different pore size distributions, the horticultural seedling medium comprising an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the inorganic component accounts for 0 to 60% by volume of the entire seedling medium, the organic component accounts for 40 to 100% by volume of the entire seedling medium, the inorganic component contains 44 to 58% by volume of particles having a size of 0.25mm to 3mm in size fraction, and the organic component contains 44 to 58% by volume of particles having a size of 0.25mm to 3mm in size fraction.

Preferably, in the inorganic component and the organic component,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 10% -16%;

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 12% -20%;

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 22 percent.

Preferably, the inorganic component and the organic component are mechanically crushed and sieved, wherein the particles with the size fraction of more than 3mm are classified and screened, and the particles with the size fraction of less than 3mm are screened by water spraying.

Preferably, the horticultural seedling raising substrate comprises 1-2 wt% of calcium ammonium nitrate and 1-2 wt% of pure nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10:10:10, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. Preferably, in the inorganic component, the volume percentage of particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is 30-45%, and the volume percentage of particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 10-15%;

in the organic component, the volume percentage of particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is 30% -45%, and the volume percentage of particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 10% -15%.

As another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a preparation method of the gardening seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method, which comprises the following steps:

respectively sieving an organic raw material and an inorganic raw material in a grading manner, controlling the screened inorganic component particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm and the inorganic component particles with other particle sizes to ensure that the inorganic component particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm account for 44-58% of all inorganic components by volume, and controlling the screened organic component particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm to ensure that the organic component particles with the size of 0.25-3 mm account for 44-58% of all organic components by volume;

mixing the inorganic component accounting for 0-60% of the whole seedling substrate by volume percentage with the organic component accounting for 40-100% of the whole seedling substrate by volume percentage.

Preferably, the inorganic components and the organic components after being classified and sieved meet the following mixture ratio:

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 10-15%;

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 12% -20%;

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 22%;

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is 30% -45%.

Preferably, when the inorganic component accounting for 0-60% of the whole seedling substrate in volume percentage and the organic component accounting for 40-100% of the whole seedling substrate in volume percentage are mixed, 1-2 wt% per mill of calcium ammonium nitrate and 1-2 wt% per mill of pure nitrogen accounting for the total mass of the whole seedling substrate are additionally added: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10:10:10 nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.

Preferably, the step of classifying screening and the step of mixing comprise:

respectively passing the inorganic raw material and the organic raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the crushed particles passing through the 5mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st size fraction;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes with the diameter of 3mm, and passing through a screen with the diameter of 1mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are in the 2 nd particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.5mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size;

the inorganic component crushed grains of the 2 nd fraction, the 3 rd fraction and the 4 th fraction and the organic component crushed grains of the 2 nd fraction, the 3 rd fraction and the 4 th fraction are mixed.

Preferably, the step of mixing comprises:

mixing inorganic component crushed particles of the 1 st and 5 th fractions and organic substances of the 1 st and 5 th fractions with inorganic substances of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions and organic substances of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions, wherein,

the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles of the 1 st size fraction and the 5 th size fraction in the inorganic component is not more than 60%;

the organic component particles of the 1 st and 5 th fractions respectively account for no more than 60% by volume of the organic component.

Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the matrix material and the preparation method thereof have at least one of the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, by selecting the volume ratio of the matrix materials with different size fraction distributions, the volume weight and the water content (the water content is below 40%) of the materials consisting of different matrixes are not required to be considered and are directly measured according to the matrix standard, so that the porosity of the matrix is proper, and the supply of water, oxygen and nutrition of plants is met to the maximum extent;

the invention can be used for solving the technical problem of artificial deviation of the substrate formula caused by different qualities (different rotting degrees) of materials;

in the invention, waste components such as agriculture, forestry, industrial engineering and the like are selected as main materials in the matrix material, so that the purposes of saving economic consumption and environmental protection are achieved;

the invention controls the volume ratio of inorganic components and organic components in the matrix, and establishes the standard mechanical composition matrix, thereby overcoming the errors caused by the diversification of matrix composition materials and the diversification of volume weight.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the gardening seedling substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method and the manufacturing method thereof.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process for screening the granules of the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the average distribution composition of inorganic component particles in the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the average distribution and composition of organic component particles in the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a process for producing a horticultural seedling substrate by a simple mechanical composition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a gardening seedling raising substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method and a manufacturing method thereof, which are mainly suitable for growth of gardening crops. The horticultural seedling raising substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method is as follows: organic materials are taken as main materials, the volume ratio is preferably 100 percent of organic materials or at least 60 percent of organic materials, wherein grass peat and coconut coir are preferably used, and the harmless fermentation of agricultural and forestry wastes is also an ideal raw material. Selecting ready-to-use organic materials and inorganic materials, respectively measuring the volume proportion of each grade, and averaging at least three times to obtain the natural mechanical group (the grade volume proportion) of the materials. And calculating by using the volume ratio of two or three materials, so that the mixed materials are more connected to the standard required particle fraction ratio. The screened size fraction particles are adopted to supplement and reach the standard volume ratio, and finally the standard ratio of each target size fraction, namely the ideal matrix mechanical composition is obtained.

The method for producing horticultural substrates by the simple mechanical composition method is essentially characterized in that the optimal production environment suitable for the transition from seeds to seedlings is constructed by the simple method. The traditional seedling raising substrate production method realizes the water-air coordination of seedling growth through different material proportions, plays an active role in the modern production of China, improves the complexity of natural soil texture, and leads the seedling raising to the way of modernization and standardization. However, the substrate itself has a certain variability due to the diversity of the raw materials constituting the substrate and the variability of the size and shape of the raw materials. Therefore, the standardization of substrate production needs to be carried out, and the production raw materials of the substrate need to be standardized.

The inventor of the invention researches for many years and discovers that in order to meet the requirements, the reasonable gap proportion and the reasonable pore size distribution of large, medium and small particles can be achieved by controlling the proportion of inorganic components and organic components in the matrix and simultaneously respectively controlling the particle size distribution of the inorganic components and the organic components, and the seedling culture matrix can be reconstructed into the particle size distribution which is the proportion of each particle size of the large, medium and small particles, so that a scientific and reasonable matrix water-gas configuration is established, and the supply of water, oxygen and nutrition of plants is met to the maximum extent. The inventor considers that according to theoretical analysis, the growth requirements of different crops on seedling raising substrates are met, the quality, namely the mechanical composition, of the seedling raising substrates needs to be controlled, and the dual requirements of root systems on water holding and permeability are guaranteed, so that the control of the proportion of each grain size particle is necessary.

Specifically, the seedling substrate of the gardening seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method is formed by mixing inorganic components and organic components, wherein the inorganic components account for 0-60% of the whole seedling substrate in volume percentage, and the organic components account for 40-100% in volume percentage.

When the volume percentage of the large particles of the inorganic component is too large, the substrate activity is small and the immobilization is poor due to the small cation substitution amount.

When the volume percentage of the organic component is too large, the organic component is easy to rot, the substrate is easy to be refined and sink, and the ventilation porosity is reduced.

Moreover, through theoretical research and experimental verification of the inventor, in order to reach the standard of the special matrix, the following are researched: all materials of the matrix require a low nutrient content state, and the total amount of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium is less than 400mg/KG. The volume weight of the gardening seedling raising substrate is 0.4-0.8g/cm < 3 >, the ventilation pore is 15-30%, the total porosity is more than 60%, the water retention pore is 30-45%, the PH is 5.5-7.5, the total salt content is less than or equal to 0.5g/l, and the total amount of the quick-acting nutrients of the seedling raising substrate after nutrition adjustment is 1000-3000 mg/kg. .

When the volume percentage of the inorganic component particles having a size of 0.5mm or less is too large, the retention of the matrix layer is greatly and positively affected, but the permeability is negatively affected.

The proper inorganic component composition and organic component composition below 0.5mm are favorable for increasing the absorption and storage of the matrix and promoting the development of root systems.

The inorganic component is preferably a substance with small volume weight and good permeability, for example, industrial waste is used as a main raw material, such as: perlite, vermiculite, slag (crushed), volcanic rock, sand, etc.

The organic component is preferably a substance with low cost, decomposition resistance, beneficial sorting and relatively high cation exchange capacity, such as harmless agricultural and forestry waste fermentation products prepared by fermenting natural resources, such as turf, coconut husk and planting and breeding wastes. Such as straw, mushroom residue and Patrinia scabiosaefolia, into organic substrate raw materials by harmless fermentation. Piling agricultural and forestry wastes into piles, adding water to adjust the water content of the fermentation product to 70% -90%, preferably 80%, fermenting, turning over the piles at the temperature of over 65 ℃, performing multi-round operation, keeping for about 240 hours, cooling to 40 ℃, enabling the water content to be below 40%, and manually cooling to 30 ℃ for storage. And (3) fermentation, namely decomposing organic components into a low-nutrition matrix by virtue of the capability of microbial decomposition in agricultural and forestry wastes, so that the fermentation is moderate, and lignin and cellulose are decomposed in a minimum amount. The turf has organic matter content over 30%, soft texture and easy breaking, volume weight of 0.5-0.7, brown or black color, pH value of 5.5-6.5, and slightly acidic reaction, and has the main functions of improving physical property of product, increasing air permeability of product and basically improving soil.

The organic components comprise organic matters, cellulose, major elements, trace elements and hormones, and comprise: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other major elements, copper, iron, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and other medium and trace elements, and plant growth regulator.

The matrix of the invention preferably also comprises 1-2 wt% of calcium ammonium nitrate and 1-2 wt% of pure nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10:10:10 nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The matrix is added with calcium ammonium nitrate and nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer to adjust the nutrition state of the matrix.

In the production of the substrate of the present invention, 1 to 3 pulverized raw materials or raw materials as they are used are selected, for example: coarse grains larger than 5mm or larger than 10mm are screened out from the turf, the natural distribution proportion of each grain size of the material to be used as the raw material is firstly respectively measured, and then the optimal complementary mixing scheme is finely calculated. The two or three components are mixed to be closest to the required size distribution state, if some size has deviation, the size which is selected previously is selected to be supplemented, and the components are uniformly mixed until all the volume distribution ratio of each size reaches the standard.

As mentioned above, the pore size distribution is generally adjusted by the combination of different size fractions, so as to ensure the requirements of air pores and water retention pores, wherein the minimum size fraction also has the function of adjusting the absorption rate of available nutrients, and sometimes the influence on permeability due to the decay of organic components is avoided when the ratio of inorganic components is controlled to be higher than a certain value in more than one month during seedling culture. The plant growth carrier is not reduced too much by controlling a certain proportion of the inorganic components. In order to control the permeation rate of the matrix to be moderate, wherein the volume weight is 0.4-0.8g/cm ³ 15 to 30 percent of ventilation holes, more than 60 percent of total porosity, 30 to 45 percent of water holding holes, 5.5 to 7.5 pH and less than or equal to 0.5g/l of total salt, thus achieving the purposes of through oxygen supply, water and fertilizer retention.

The ratio of different particle sizes of the organic component and the inorganic component is controlled as follows: in the inorganic component, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 44% -58%; in the organic component, the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is controlled to be 15-20%.

During manufacturing, the inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 30% -45% of the 1 st size fraction, 22% of the 2 nd size fraction, 12% -20% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -16% of the 4 th size fraction and 10% -15% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain the inorganic component mixed matrix. The organic component particles are mixed as follows: mixing 30% -45% of the 1 st size fraction, 22% of the 2 nd size fraction, 12% -20% of the 3 rd size fraction, 10% -16% of the 4 th size fraction and 10% -15% of the 5 th size fraction to obtain an inorganic component mixed matrix, and mixing to obtain an organic component mixed matrix.

Preferably, the inorganic component accounting for 0-60% of the volume of the whole seedling substrate and the organic component accounting for 40-100% of the volume of the whole seedling substrate are mixed, and simultaneously 1-2 per mill of calcium ammonium nitrate and 1-2 per mill of pure nitrogen in percentage by weight are added into the substrate: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10:10:10 to obtain the final gardening seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method. In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments. Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for manufacturing a horticultural seedling substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a process flow chart of a crumb screening method of the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:

respectively sieving the organic component raw materials and the inorganic component raw materials in a grading way, wherein the sieving steps are as follows:

step S101, carrying out a grading sieving process on the crushed grains, enabling the crushed grains to pass through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the crushed grains which pass through the 5mm sieve pores and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores, and obtaining the crushed grains which do not pass through the sieve pores: fraction 1. By this step, the 1 st size fraction of the inorganic granules and the 1 st size fraction of the organic granules can be obtained.

Further, the crushed pieces not passing through the 5mm mesh were crushed, and the crushed pieces were passed through a sieve having a 5mm mesh again.

And step S102, taking the particles which pass through a sieve pore of 3mm, and passing through a screen of a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain the 2 nd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 2 nd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve pore.

Step S103, taking the particles which pass through the sieve openings of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve openings of 0.5mm to obtain the 3 rd particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 3 rd particle fraction of the organic particles which do not pass through the sieve openings.

The inorganic crumbles of the 2 nd and 3 rd fractions and the organic crumbles of the 2 nd and 3 rd fractions were taken and mixed.

And step S104, taking the particles which pass through the sieve hole of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve hole of 0.25mm to obtain the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles which do not pass through the sieve hole, wherein the particles are the 4 th particle fraction of the inorganic particles and the 4 th particle fraction of the organic particles.

And step S105, taking the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain particle size particles of which the particle sizes are less than 0.25mm, wherein the particle size particles are 5 th particle size particles. The inorganic component granules obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 3mm-5mm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 1mm-3mm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 0.5mm-1mm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 0.25-0.5mm, and the 5 th particle size of the particle size smaller than 0.25 mm; the organic component granules obtained by screening include: the particle size of the 1 st particle is 3mm-5mm, the particle size of the 2 nd particle is 1mm-3mm, the particle size of the 3 rd particle is 0.5mm-1mm, the particle size of the 4 th particle is 0.25mm-0.5mm, and the 5 th particle size of the particle size smaller than 0.25 mm.

Example 1

Passing the inorganic component raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the particles passing through the 5mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade; taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes with the diameter of 3mm, and passing through a screen with the diameter of 1mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are in the 2 nd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 1mm, and passing through a screen mesh of a sieve pore of 0.5mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 3 rd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as the 4 th particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size.

Passing the organic component raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, taking the particles passing through the 5mm sieve pores, and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 3mm, and passing through a sieve pore of 1mm to obtain the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore as a 2 nd particle grade; taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.5mm to obtain the particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are the 3 rd particle grade; taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve holes of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.5mm to obtain 4 th particle size fraction of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve holes; taking the crushed particles which pass through a sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain the crushed particles with the particle size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed particles are the 5 th particle size.

In the examples, the inorganic component ratio is usually considered, the particle size distribution of the natural or pulverized raw materials in 2-3 is measured, the particle size distribution is calculated to approach the target ratio after mixing, and then the missing part is filled up, and fig. 5 is a process flow chart of the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method provided by one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5:

the proportion A of each grade is measured after the inorganic component raw material is crushed, the proportion B of each grade and the proportion C of each grade are measured after the organic component raw material is crushed, the proportion is redistributed by A, B, C raw material after the raw material is mixed by scientific calculation so as to approach the requirement of the formula, and the insufficient grade reaches the reasonable range of the grade distribution by the screened grade particles. In this embodiment, the inorganic component and the organic component may be mixed separately in proportion, and in order to control the ratio of the particle size in the matrix, the volume percentage of the particles with size of 3mm to 5mm in the inorganic component particles is controlled to be 30% to 45%, and the volume percentage of the particles with size of 0.25mm or less is controlled to be 10% to 15%; the volume percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is controlled to be 30% -45%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is controlled to be 10% -15%.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the average distribution composition of inorganic component particles of the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the average distribution and composition of organic component particles in the horticultural seedling substrate produced by the simple mechanical composition method according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4. And respectively proportioning the inorganic component particles and the organic component particles.

Controlling the volume percentage of 1mm-3mm size fraction particles in the inorganic component fraction particles to be 22 percent, and controlling the volume percentage of 0.5mm-1mm size fraction particles to be 12-20 percent; the volume percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is controlled to be 22%, and the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is controlled to be 12% -20%.

Controlling the volume percentage of 0.25mm-0.5mm size fraction particles in the inorganic component particles to be 10% -16%; the volume percentage of the organic component particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm in the particles is controlled to be 10% -16%. Controlling the volume percentage of the crushed particles with the size of less than 0.25mm in the inorganic component crushed particles to be 10-15%; the volume percentage of the organic component particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is controlled to be 10-15%.

The inorganic component particles are mixed as follows: the inorganic component mixed matrix was obtained by mixing 38% of the 1 st fraction, 22% of the 2 nd fraction, 15% of the 3 rd fraction, 15% of the 4 th fraction, and 10% of the 5 th fraction.

The organic component particles are mixed as follows: the organic component mixed matrix was obtained by mixing 38% of the 1 st fraction, 22% of the 2 nd fraction, 15% of the 3 rd fraction, 15% of the 4 th fraction, and 10% of the 5 th fraction.

Further, mixing the inorganic components accounting for 0-60% of the whole seedling substrate by volume percentage with the organic components accounting for 40-100% of the whole seedling substrate by volume percentage, and adding 1-2 wt% of calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for the total mass of the whole seedling substrate, 1-2 wt% of pure nitrogen: phosphorus pentoxide: the mass ratio of potassium oxide is 10:10:10 to obtain the final gardening seedling raising substrate.

Example 2

In example 2, the test was conducted in a germination room and a nursery room, which are experimental bases of Beijing college of agriculture. Table 1 shows that 11 seedling substrates (a-I ranges from relatively large to relatively small in coarse grain ratio and relatively large in fine grain ratio) are prepared for cucumber seedling experiments by a simple mechanical composition method, and two commercial substrates (CK 1\ CK 2) prepared by a conventional material mixing method on the market for comparison are included, and variety cucumber n =3 (n is the number of samples measured). As shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1 cucumber seedling raising experiment with seedling raising substrate prepared by simple mechanical composition method

Table 2 shows that 11 seedling substrates (a-I ranges from relatively large to relatively small in coarse fraction and relatively large in fine fraction) are prepared for tomatoes according to a simple mechanical composition method, and two commercial substrates (CK 1\ CK 2) are prepared for tomatoes according to a conventional material mixing method on the market for comparison, and the variety tomato n =5 (n is the number of samples to be measured). As shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 tomato seedling raising experiment with seedling raising matrix prepared by simple mechanical composition method

Note: in tables 1 and 2, root evaluation was performed according to the following determination method:

covering root ball over 60;

b: covering the root ball by more than 50 percent;

c: root ball coverage was 50 or less.

The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the seedling conditions of the cucumbers and the tomatoes:

the seedling substrate produced by mechanical composition control has 9 formulas (A-I), and the plant height and the ground diameter of the cucumber are obviously superior to those of commercial seedling substrates purchased in two contrast markets. The dry weight and fresh weight of the underground part and the overground part and the development of the root system are obviously superior to those of the contrast. More importantly, the proportion of the particle size of the matrix constructed by the simple mechanical composition is guaranteed, the porosity ratio is stable, and the matrix has more scientific and practical significance compared with the instability of the matrix on the market caused by the variability of materials.

9 formulas of the seedling substrate produced by mechanical composition control have the advantages that tomatoes have poor growth except A, C and E are not as good as other formulas except CK2, the tomato seeds are relatively small in comparison in the experimental process, and the seedling substrate is better in the formula with the lower limit, namely the maximum value of the particle size fraction of less than 0.25 mm.

The particle size of the raw materials from the source of substrate production is controlled, so that the size-pore ratio of the substrate is ensured, the water, fertilizer and air of the substrate are controlled properly, the root system development is promoted, and the seedling quality is improved. The seedling raising substrate is prepared according to the volume ratio, so that the influence of moisture and the influence of the diversified volume weight change of raw materials are reduced.

The volume of the product is proportional to the volume of the product in a small-sized matrix production plant, and the product is convenient to produce without considering the complexity of materials and the amount of water. In the scale and mechanized production process, the direct volume calculation or the conversion from volume weight to weight is also very concise.

The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gardening seedling raising substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method comprises organic components and inorganic components, and is characterized in that:

the gardening seedling substrate is tomato or cucumber gardening seedling substrate;

the volume percentage v1 of the inorganic component in the whole gardening seedling raising substrate is more than 0 percent and less than or equal to v1 and less than or equal to 60 percent;

the volume percentage v2 of the organic components in the whole horticultural seedling raising substrate is more than or equal to 40% and less than 100%;

among the inorganic component and the organic component,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of less than 0.25mm is 10-15 percent,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.25mm-0.5mm is 10% -16%,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 12% -20%,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 22 percent,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is 30% -45%.

2. A horticultural seedling substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic component and the organic component are mechanically crushed and sieved, and the crushed grains having a size fraction of 3mm or more of 3mm are classified and sieved, and the crushed grains having a size fraction of 3mm or less of 3mm are not classified and sieved by water.

3. A horticultural seedling medium as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, which includes, in addition to the inorganic components, calcium ammonium nitrate in an amount of 1-2wt per mill of the entire horticultural seedling medium, and a nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide of 10:10 in an amount of 1-2wt per mill of the entire horticultural seedling medium.

4. A method for manufacturing a gardening seedling substrate produced by a simple mechanical composition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

respectively sieving the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials in a grading way, and controlling the organic components and the inorganic components after grading and sieving to meet the following mixture ratio:

among the organic component and the inorganic component,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 0.5mm-1mm is 12% -20%,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 1mm-3mm is 22 percent,

the volume percentage of the particles with the size of 3mm-5mm is 30% -45%;

mixing the inorganic components accounting for the volume percentage v1 of the whole gardening seedling raising matrix and meeting the requirement that v1 is more than 0% and less than or equal to 60% with the organic components accounting for the volume percentage v2 of the whole gardening seedling raising matrix and meeting the requirement that v2 is more than or equal to 40% and less than 100%.

5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein when the inorganic component and the organic component are mixed, calcium ammonium nitrate accounting for 1-2wt per mill of the whole horticultural seedling raising substrate and a nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer accounting for 1-2wt per mill of the whole horticultural seedling raising substrate and having a mass ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide of 10:10 are additionally added.

6. The method of manufacturing of claim 5, wherein the step of classifying the screen and mixing comprises:

respectively passing the inorganic raw material and the organic raw material through a screen with 5mm sieve pores, respectively taking the particles which pass through the 5mm sieve pores and then passing through a screen with 3mm sieve pores, and obtaining particles which do not pass through the sieve pores and are the 1 st particle grade;

taking the particles which pass through the sieve holes of 3mm, and passing through a screen mesh of 1mm to obtain particles which do not pass through the sieve holes and are in the 2 nd particle grade;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve holes of 1mm, and passing through a screen of the sieve holes of 0.5mm to obtain 3 rd particle grade of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve holes;

taking the crushed particles which pass through the sieve pore of 0.5mm, and passing through a screen mesh of 0.25mm to obtain 4 th particle grade of the crushed particles which do not pass through the sieve pore;

taking the crushed grains passing through the sieve pore of 0.25mm to obtain crushed grains with the grain size of less than 0.25mm, wherein the crushed grains are the 5 th grain size;

the inorganic component particles of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions and the organic component particles of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th fractions are mixed.

7. The method of manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the step of mixing further comprises:

the inorganic component chips of the 1 st and 5 th fractions and the organic component chips of the 1 st and 5 th fractions were mixed together with the chip mixture obtained in the previous step.