CN112335498B - Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus - Google Patents
Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112335498B CN112335498B CN202011221066.5A CN202011221066A CN112335498B CN 112335498 B CN112335498 B CN 112335498B CN 202011221066 A CN202011221066 A CN 202011221066A CN 112335498 B CN112335498 B CN 112335498B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seeds
- soil
- flowers
- seedlings
- watering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting midday vanilla, which adopts seed propagation seedling as a main method for manually planting the midday vanilla, wherein the midday vanilla is manually planted from wild, environmental conditions, seed collection, screening, treatment, hardening seedling transplantation, field planting management, quality conditions and the like are fully researched, the seedling emergence rate of the seedling is more than 90%, the transplantation survival rate is more than 80%, and yield and quality indexes are obviously superior to those of the wild midday vanilla through inspection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of plants, and particularly relates to a planting method of cymbopogon flexuosus.
Background
The hyssop is dry whole herb of Chang of Anaphylis belleyana (J.F. Jeffr.) belonging to Compositae, and is a conventional medicinal material in Yi region, and is pungent and slightly bitter in taste. And (4) temperature. It enters lung and stomach meridians. Has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind and cold, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, regulating stomach function and relieving diarrhea. Can be used for treating wind-cold type common cold, cough with excessive phlegm, and pharyngalgia; the medicines produced by taking the midday vanilla as a raw material comprise Yanshu capsules and Yanshu mixture of Yunnan Jinbi pharmacy limited company, the midday vanilla used at present is obtained from wild harvest, the wild reserve is small, no precedent of artificial planting exists, the wild reserve of the midday vanilla cannot meet the supply along with the increase of the yield of the Yanshu series products, and the development of the midday vanilla is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an artificial planting method of vanilla planifolia comprises the following procedures,
the first process is as follows: seed harvesting: judging the maturity of the seeds according to the maturity of the flowers, and harvesting the flowers meeting the requirements;
and step two, purifying and storing the seeds: drying the flowers for the first time, placing the dried flowers in a container to rub or lightly beat the dried flowers so that seeds fall off sufficiently, removing branches and leaves, buds and villi, removing residual impurities through a third sieve, paving the flowers in a proper container, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers to compress the flowers, drying the flowers in the sun sufficiently again, collecting, sealing, marking, and storing the flowers in a shade or in a cold storage way;
and a third process of seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 4 hours or more, putting the seeds into warm water, and soaking the seeds until the seeds fully absorb water;
and a fourth step of selecting a sowing environment: the environment comprises an indoor seeding environment and a field seeding environment;
fifth, seedbed preparation of indoor seeding: preparing the seedbed with organic fertilizer and loam, uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the sowing ground, killing insects, uniformly spreading the loam on the organic fertilizer, forming ridges and disinfecting;
sixth, indoor seeding: drilling, namely spreading the mixed seeds on ridges one by one, watering for the first time, enabling water to uniformly fall into soil in a vaporific manner by using a spray head during watering, and watering for multiple times after the first watering to keep the soil moist until the seeds emerge;
seventh, seedbed preparation of field sowing: preparing soil, ridging and applying base fertilizer according to the requirements of depth, fineness, transparency and firmness;
eighth, seedling culture of field sowing: row spacing drill seeding is carried out, after seeding, a spray head is used for uniformly watering thoroughly, and mulching films are covered; when the seedlings grow for 2 weeks and quickly contact the film surface, the mulching film is cut to expose the seedlings, the soil is pressed on the mulching film to protect moisture and prevent grass, and the seedlings are watered.
Ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence, during the production period, watering is continued, soil is kept moist, overdrying and flooding are avoided, light, temperature and humidity are adjusted according to the environment, and weeding is carried out in time; timely insect control: proper topdressing can promote root growth and culture strong seedlings.
Tenth procedure and management in the growth period: during the growing period, the plants begin to branch and sprout until the weight of the plants reaches the maximum, watering is carried out in time during the growing period, the soil is kept moist, weeding is carried out in time, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out for 1 to 2 times, and appropriate additional fertilizer can be applied until the plants grow mature;
eleven, harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested before the flowering phase of 7-9 months, the plants grow to 40-60cm high after bolting, the plants are pulled out with roots when growing most vigorously, silt is removed, soil is cleaned with water, dried in the sun and bagged.
The method also comprises the following transplanting process:
transplanting process I, hardening seedlings: when the seedlings grow to be 6-7cm high, the watering frequency is reduced, only slight moisture of soil is kept, a sun-shading net is opened every day to enable the seedlings to be irradiated by sunlight for 4-6 hours, the irradiation time is gradually increased, the seedlings are gradually adapted to the natural environment, the seedlings are hardened for 15-20 days, and the environmental adaptability of the seedlings is improved to be capable of being transplanted outdoors, so that outdoor transplantation can be carried out;
transplanting flow II, transplanting and field planting: the transplanting environment is preferably loam, the water source is good, the irrigation is convenient, and organic fertilizer is added before the transplanting, the cultivation is carried out for 20cm, and the ridge is formed. And (3) temporarily in rainy season, transplanting the seedlings into the field, transplanting the seedlings with the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 20-25cm, pouring enough root pressing water after transplanting, covering a shading film, cutting the film to expose the overground part when the seedlings survive and sprout, covering soil, and watering in time to keep the soil moist.
The invention is further provided with a first drying mode in the second process, wherein the cut flowers are laid on a baking pan or a cement floor in time, covered with gauze or silk cloth, compressed and dried.
The invention further provides that the mesh number of the third screen in the second process is 50 meshes.
The invention is further provided that the temperature of the warm water in the third flow is 38-40 ℃, and the soaking time is more than 8 hours.
In the sixth and eighth processes, before sowing seeds, the seeds are diluted according to the standard that 100g of seeds are mixed with 3kg of fine soil and 0.8kg of plant ash, and the diluted seeds are sown for 1 mu or 100g of seeds are mixed with 30kg of fine soil and 8kg of plant ash during sowing, and the diluted seeds are sown for 10 mu.
The invention is further provided that the thickness of the loam in the fifth process is 10 cm.
The invention further sets that the dosage of the seeds per mu is 10g in the process of strip seeding in the process eight, and the row spacing range is 15-20 cm.
The invention further sets that the head-shaped inflorescence is changed from light brown yellow to withered yellow, the buds are opened to spit white filaments, the seeds are changed into brown or black, the shape of an oval is circular, the middle of the flower is bulged, and the flower is harvested when the grains are full.
The invention is further provided that the loam is red loam, and the PH value is 5.5-6.5.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating insect diseases of the hyssop officinalis, the pesticide is sprayed once before the rainy season comes, water accumulation is avoided, and a sunshade net is opened in the morning and evening and in the cloudy day to increase the illumination; when diseases occur, controlling water in time, keeping relatively dry, applying the medicine for sterilization, and carrying out sterilization once every 7 days for 2-3 times continuously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the seed propagation seedling raising as the main method for manually planting the afternoon vanilla, the afternoon vanilla is changed from wild to manually planted, and the environmental conditions, the seed collection, the screening, the processing, the hardening seedling transplantation, the field planting management, the quality conditions and the like are fully researched, the seedling emergence rate of the seedling raising is more than 90 percent, the transplantation survival rate is more than 80 percent, and the yield and the quality index are obviously superior to those of the wild afternoon vanilla through the inspection.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples, so that how to implement the technical means for solving the technical problems and achieving the technical effects of the present application can be fully understood and implemented.
Through the practice of artificially planting the cymbopogon flexuosus by adopting a tissue culture technology and a seed propagation technology, the cymbopogon flexuosus successfully adopts tissue culture seedling culture and seed seedling culture, but the tissue culture operation process is complex, the cost is high, the yield is obviously lower than that of the seed seedling culture, and therefore the seed propagation seedling culture is selected as a main method for artificially planting the cymbopogon flexuosus.
Based on the above, the invention provides an artificial planting method of hyssop officinalis, which comprises the following procedures,
the first process is as follows: seed harvesting: judging the maturity of the seeds according to the maturity of the flowers, and harvesting the flowers meeting the requirements; when leaves begin to wither yellow from green, the head-shaped inflorescence changes from light brown yellow to wither yellow, the buds are opened to discharge white silk, the seeds are changed to brown or black, the shape of an oval is oval, the middle of the buds swells, the buds are harvested when the grains are full, the buds are prevented from being harvested when the buds are harvested and the buds are not matured at the beginning, the immature seeds are in a strip shape, the middle does not swell, and the color is light yellow or white. The method avoids the difference between the fragrant green sprouts and the fragrant green pearls of the same plants, the seeds are not greatly different, the difference is mainly based on flowers, the inflorescence of the fragrant green sprouts and the fragrant green pearls is slightly large, and the color is white. The time from maturation to abscission is short, about fifteen days, and the seeds can naturally fall off or the continuous filaments are blown away by wind when the collection is not in time.
And step two, purifying and storing the seeds: drying the flowers for the first time, placing the dried flowers in a container to rub or lightly beat the dried flowers so that seeds fall off sufficiently, removing branches and leaves, buds and villi, removing residual impurities through a third sieve, paving the flowers in a proper container, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers to compress the flowers, drying the flowers in the sun sufficiently again, collecting, sealing, marking, and storing the flowers in a shade or in a cold storage way;
and a third process of seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 4 hours or more, putting the seeds into warm water, and soaking the seeds until the seeds fully absorb water;
and a fourth step of selecting a sowing environment: the environment comprises an indoor seeding environment and a field seeding environment;
fifth, seedbed preparation of indoor seeding: preparing the seedbed with organic fertilizer and loam, uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the sowing ground, killing insects, uniformly spreading the loam on the organic fertilizer, forming ridges and disinfecting; wherein the loam is preferably red loam, has weak acidity and pH of about 5.5-6.5.
Sixth, indoor seeding: drilling, namely spreading the mixed seeds on ridges one by one, watering for the first time, enabling water to uniformly fall into soil in a vaporific manner by using a spray head during watering, and watering for multiple times after the first watering to keep the soil moist until the seeds emerge;
seventh, seedbed preparation of field sowing: preparing soil, ridging and applying base fertilizer according to the requirements of depth, fineness, transparency and firmness;
eighth, seedling culture of field sowing: row spacing drill seeding is carried out, after seeding, a spray head is used for uniformly watering thoroughly, and mulching films are covered; when the seedlings grow for 2 weeks and quickly contact the film surface, cutting the mulching film to expose the seedlings, pressing soil on the mulching film to protect moisture and prevent grass, and watering;
ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence, during the production period, watering is continued, soil is kept moist, overdrying and flooding are avoided, light, temperature and humidity are adjusted according to the environment, and weeding is carried out in time; timely insect control: proper topdressing is carried out to promote the growth of root systems and cultivate strong seedlings;
tenth procedure and management in the growth period: during the growing period, the plants begin to branch and sprout until the weight of the plants reaches the maximum, watering is carried out in time during the growing period, the soil is kept moist, weeding is carried out in time, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out for 1 to 2 times, and appropriate additional fertilizer can be applied until the plants grow mature;
eleven, harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested before the flowering phase of 7-9 months, the plants grow to 40-60cm high after bolting, the plants are pulled out with roots when growing most vigorously, silt is removed, soil is cleaned with water, dried in the sun and bagged.
The method also comprises the following transplanting process:
transplanting process I, hardening seedlings: when the seedlings grow to be 6-7cm high, the watering frequency is reduced, only slight moisture of soil is kept, a sun-shading net is opened every day to enable the seedlings to be irradiated by sunlight for 4-6 hours, the irradiation time is gradually increased, the seedlings are gradually adapted to the natural environment, the seedlings are hardened for 15-20 days, and the environmental adaptability of the seedlings is improved to be capable of being transplanted outdoors, so that outdoor transplantation can be carried out;
transplanting flow II, transplanting and field planting: the transplanting environment is preferably loam, the water source is good, the irrigation is convenient, and organic fertilizer is added before the transplanting, the cultivation is carried out for 20cm, and the ridge is formed. And (3) temporarily in rainy season, transplanting the seedlings into the field, transplanting the seedlings with the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 20-25cm, pouring enough root pressing water after transplanting, covering a shading film, cutting the film to expose the overground part when the seedlings survive and sprout, covering soil, and watering in time to keep the soil moist.
Preferably, the first sun-drying mode in the second process is as follows, the cut flowers are paved on a baking pan or a cement floor in time, covered with gauze or silk cloth, compressed and dried.
Preferably, the mesh number of the third screen in the second flow path is 50 meshes.
Preferably, the temperature of the warm water in the third process is 38-40 ℃, and the soaking time is more than 8 hours.
Preferably, in the sixth and eighth processes, before sowing seeds, the seeds are diluted according to the standard that 100g of seeds are mixed with 3kg of fine soil and 0.8kg of plant ash, and sowing is performed for 1 mu, or 100g of seeds are mixed with 30kg of fine soil and 8kg of plant ash, and sowing is performed for 10 mu.
Preferably, the thickness of the loam in the fifth process is 10 cm.
Preferably, in the eighth flow, the dosage of the seeds per mu is 10g during the strip sowing, and the row spacing range is 15-20 cm.
The invention will now be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments,
in the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,
the seeding environment in the embodiment is selected as a greenhouse, the flow is selected as follows,
the first process comprises the following steps of seed harvesting: seeds are usually harvested after about 11 months of maturity, and may be advanced or delayed due to different regions, growth environments or growth periods. And (4) distinguishing the maturity degree of the flowers. When the flower blooms or white villus is bloomed, the flower bud and the flower bud are immature, the flower is picked off, and the villus is picked off to observe, so that seeds are hung on the villus or the flower receptacle is provided with fallen seeds. Mature seeds are tan or black, long round, slightly swollen in the middle, green, white or non-swollen in the middle. When in collection, the mature flowers are cut off one by using scissors, and immature flowers can be reserved for maturation;
and step two, purifying and storing the seeds: spreading the cut flowers on a baking pan or a cement floor in time, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers, pressing the flowers tightly, and drying the flowers in the sun. The seeds are prevented from being piled and mildewed or damaged by heating, the seeds are small and light, and the seeds are prevented from falling on the open soil ground and being blown away by wind. After the flowers are dried in the sun, the flowers are placed in a disc or a plastic bag to be rubbed or lightly beaten, the mode that the seeds can fall off fully belongs to the protection range of the invention, branches and leaves, buds and villi are removed, the remaining impurities are removed by a three-mesh sieve (50 meshes), the flowers are spread in a suitable container, covered with gauze or silk cloth to be compressed, dried in the sun fully, collected, sealed, marked, placed in a cool place or stored in a cold place;
and a third process of seed treatment: the seeds are dried in the sun for about 4 hours, and then are put into warm water with the temperature of 38-40 ℃ for soaking for more than 8 hours, so that the seeds fully absorb water, and the germination period is shortened. Wherein, because the seeds are extremely fine and can be sown after dilution, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 3kg of fine soil and about 0.8kg of plant ash (range ash) during seedling raising, and the seeds are sown for 1 mu; when sowing, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 30kg of fine soil, about 8kg of plant ash (range ash) and 10 mu of land is sowed;
and step four, selecting a sowing environment: the greenhouse belongs to an indoor environment, so that the seeding environment is an indoor seeding environment;
preparing a seedbed for indoor sowing, wherein the seedbed is prepared by using organic fertilizer and loam, when seedlings are grown in a shed, the organic fertilizer is uniformly spread on the bottom, the insects are killed, the loam with the thickness of 10cm is uniformly spread on the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is paved into ridges and disinfected;
and sixthly, seedling culture of indoor sowing, namely drilling, namely, sowing the mixed seeds on ridges one by one at a distance of 10cm from the edges of the ridges and at a sowing distance of 20 cm. The seeding is uniform, and the growth of the seeds is prevented from being influenced by the difficulty in maintenance caused by overlarge density difference. After sowing, watering for the first time to remove moisture and moisten the soil, and enabling the seeds to fall into a soil fixing position, paying special attention to the fact that water is enabled to uniformly fall into the soil in a vaporific manner by using a spray head during watering, the amount of watering for the first time is not too large, the seeds are prevented from being gathered together by accumulated water, the seeds can be sprayed again after the soil absorbs the water and are repeatedly used until the soil is fully moistened, watering is carried out in the later period until the soil is moist, watering is carried out in time when the soil layer is dry, and the accumulated water is stopped when the surface of the saturated. The seeds are sown until budding for about 20-40 days (influenced by temperature and humidity).
Ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence until the growth period, continuously watering, keeping soil moist, avoiding overdrying and flooding, adjusting light, temperature and humidity according to the environment, and weeding in time; timely insect control: proper topdressing is carried out to promote the growth of root systems and cultivate strong seedlings;
tenth procedure and management in the growth period: during the growing period, the plants begin to branch and sprout until the weight of the plants reaches the maximum, watering is carried out in time during the growing period, the soil is kept moist, weeding is carried out in time, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out for 1 to 2 times, and appropriate additional fertilizer can be applied until the plants grow mature;
eleven, harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested before the flowering phase of 7-9 months, the plants grow to 40-60cm high after bolting, the plants are pulled out with roots when growing most vigorously, silt is removed, soil is cleaned with water, dried in the sun and bagged.
Example 2, a field seeding environment is used in this example, wherein the requirements of the field seeding environment: the environment suitable for growth of the vanilla at noon is selected, the altitude is 1200 + 2700m, and the planting is carried out in the forest in the east-west direction hilly land. Good water source, convenient irrigation planting area, and the following procedures after determining the requirements of the field sowing environment,
the first process comprises the following steps of seed harvesting: seeds are usually harvested after about 11 months of maturity, and may be advanced or delayed due to different regions, growth environments or growth periods. And (4) distinguishing the maturity degree of the flowers. When the flower blooms or white villus is bloomed, the flower bud and the flower bud are immature, the flower is picked off, and the villus is picked off to observe, so that seeds are hung on the villus or the flower receptacle is provided with fallen seeds. Mature seeds are tan or black, long round, slightly swollen in the middle, green, white or non-swollen in the middle. When in collection, the mature flowers are cut off one by using scissors, and immature flowers can be reserved for maturation;
and step two, purifying and storing the seeds: spreading the cut flowers on a baking pan or a cement floor in time, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers, pressing the flowers tightly, and drying the flowers in the sun. The seeds are prevented from being piled and mildewed or damaged by heating, the seeds are small and light, and the seeds are prevented from falling on the open soil ground and being blown away by wind. After the flowers are dried in the sun, the flowers are placed in a disc or a plastic bag to be rubbed or lightly beaten, the mode that the seeds can fall off fully belongs to the protection range of the invention, branches and leaves, buds and villi are removed, the remaining impurities are removed by a three-mesh sieve (50 meshes), the flowers are spread in a suitable container, covered with gauze or silk cloth to be compressed, dried in the sun fully, collected, sealed, marked, placed in a cool place or stored in a cold place;
and a third process of seed treatment: the seeds are dried in the sun for about 4 hours, and then are put into warm water with the temperature of 38-40 ℃ for soaking for more than 8 hours, so that the seeds fully absorb water, and the germination period is shortened. Wherein, because the seeds are extremely fine and can be sown after dilution, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 3kg of fine soil and about 0.8kg of plant ash (range ash) during seedling raising, and the seeds are sown for 1 mu; when sowing, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 30kg of fine soil, about 8kg of plant ash (range ash) and 10 mu of land is sowed;
and step four, selecting a sowing environment: the sowing environment is a field sowing environment; the field sowing environment has two conditions, if irrigation is inconvenient, namely in areas with difficult irrigation, sowing is carried out before a rainy season of 5-6 months, and if an area with convenient irrigation is selected, sowing is carried out in 2-3 months.
Seventh, seedbed preparation of field sowing: preparing soil, ridging and applying base fertilizer according to the requirements of depth, fineness, transparency and firmness;
eighth, seedling culture of field sowing: the using amount of the fertilizer per mu is 10g, the row spacing of the fertilizer is equal to 15-20cm, the fertilizer is sowed in a row, a sprayer is used for uniformly watering the fertilizer thoroughly after sowing, and a mulching film is coated; when the seedlings grow for 2 weeks and quickly contact the film surface, the mulching film is cut to expose the seedlings, the soil is pressed on the mulching film to protect moisture and prevent grass, and the seedlings are watered.
Ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence, during the production period, watering is continued, soil is kept moist, overdrying and flooding are avoided, light, temperature and humidity are adjusted according to the environment, and weeding is carried out in time; timely insect control; checking and treating cabbage butterflies (cabbage caterpillars) in time; proper topdressing is carried out to promote the growth of root systems and cultivate strong seedlings; wherein, the seedling stage is also carried out with the period of timely checking and reseeding: ensure the seedling to be complete and even
Tenth procedure and management in the growth period: the growth is slower after seedling emergence, the plants grow until the growth period (branch) lasts for about 90 days, when the plants in the growth period begin to branch and carry out bolting and bud breaking, the weight of the plants reaches the maximum, watering is carried out in time during the period, the soil is kept moist, weeding is carried out in time, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out for 1 to 2 times, and appropriate topdressing can be carried out until the plants grow to maturity;
eleven, harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested before the flowering phase of 7-9 months, the plants grow to 40-60cm high after bolting, the plants are pulled out with roots when growing most vigorously, silt is removed, soil is cleaned with water, dried in the sun and bagged.
Wherein the invention also provides a transplanting process, which will be explained in example 3, when transplanting seedlings is required, but the transplanting is carried out in a greenhouse as a seeding environment, so the following processes are selected,
the first process comprises the following steps of seed harvesting: seeds are usually harvested after about 11 months of maturity, and may be advanced or delayed due to different regions, growth environments or growth periods. And (4) distinguishing the maturity degree of the flowers. When the flower blooms or white villus is bloomed, the flower bud and the flower bud are immature, the flower is picked off, and the villus is picked off to observe, so that seeds are hung on the villus or the flower receptacle is provided with fallen seeds. Mature seeds are tan or black, long round, slightly swollen in the middle, green, white or non-swollen in the middle. When in collection, the mature flowers are cut off one by using scissors, and immature flowers can be reserved for maturation;
and step two, purifying and storing the seeds: spreading the cut flowers on a baking pan or a cement floor in time, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers, pressing the flowers tightly, and drying the flowers in the sun. The seeds are prevented from being piled and mildewed or damaged by heating, the seeds are small and light, and the seeds are prevented from falling on the open soil ground and being blown away by wind. After the flowers are dried in the sun, the flowers are placed in a disc or a plastic bag to be rubbed or lightly beaten, the mode that the seeds can fall off fully belongs to the protection range of the invention, branches and leaves, buds and villi are removed, the remaining impurities are removed by a three-mesh sieve (50 meshes), the flowers are spread in a suitable container, covered with gauze or silk cloth to be compressed, dried in the sun fully, collected, sealed, marked, placed in a cool place or stored in a cold place;
and a third process of seed treatment: the seeds are dried in the sun for about 4 hours, and then are put into warm water with the temperature of 38-40 ℃ for soaking for more than 8 hours, so that the seeds fully absorb water, and the germination period is shortened. Wherein, because the seeds are extremely fine and can be sown after dilution, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 3kg of fine soil and about 0.8kg of plant ash (range ash) during seedling raising, and the seeds are sown for 1 mu; when sowing, 100g of seeds are mixed with about 30kg of fine soil, about 8kg of plant ash (range ash) and 10 mu of land is sowed;
and step four, selecting a sowing environment: the greenhouse belongs to an indoor environment, so that the seeding environment is an indoor seeding environment;
preparing a seedbed for indoor sowing, wherein the seedbed is prepared by using organic fertilizer and loam, when seedlings are grown in a shed, the organic fertilizer is uniformly spread on the bottom, the insects are killed, the loam with the thickness of 10cm is uniformly spread on the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is paved into ridges and disinfected;
and sixthly, seedling culture of indoor sowing, namely drilling, namely, sowing the mixed seeds on ridges one by one at a distance of 10cm from the edges of the ridges and at a sowing distance of 20 cm. The seeding is uniform, and the growth of the seeds is prevented from being influenced by the difficulty in maintenance caused by overlarge density difference. After sowing, watering for the first time to remove moisture and moisten the soil, and enabling the seeds to fall into a soil fixing position, paying special attention to the fact that water is enabled to uniformly fall into the soil in a vaporific manner by using a spray head during watering, the amount of watering for the first time is not too large, the seeds are prevented from being gathered together by accumulated water, the seeds can be sprayed again after the soil absorbs the water and are repeatedly used until the soil is fully moistened, watering is carried out in the later period until the soil is moist, watering is carried out in time when the soil layer is dry, and the accumulated water is stopped when the surface of the saturated. The seeds are sown until budding for about 20-40 days (influenced by temperature and humidity).
Ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence until the growth period, continuously watering, keeping soil moist, avoiding overdrying and flooding, adjusting light, temperature and humidity according to the environment, and weeding in time; timely insect control: proper topdressing is carried out to promote the growth of root systems and cultivate strong seedlings;
transplanting process I, hardening seedlings: when the seedlings grow to be 6-7cm high, the watering frequency is reduced, only slight moisture of soil is kept, a sun-shading net is opened every day to enable the seedlings to be irradiated by sunlight for 4-6 hours, the irradiation time is gradually increased, the seedlings are gradually adapted to the natural environment, the seedlings are hardened for 15-20 days, and the environmental adaptability of the seedlings is improved to be capable of being transplanted outdoors, so that outdoor transplantation can be carried out;
transplanting flow II, transplanting and field planting: the transplanting environment is preferably loam, the water source is good, the irrigation is convenient, and organic fertilizer is added before the transplanting, the cultivation is carried out for 20cm, and the ridge is formed. And (3) temporarily in rainy season, transplanting the seedlings into the field, transplanting the seedlings with the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 20-25cm, pouring enough root pressing water after transplanting, covering a shading film, cutting the film to expose the overground part when the seedlings survive and sprout, covering soil, and watering in time to keep the soil moist.
Based on the above and a control group was set up, the control group being in a wild state.
Examples 1-3 and control were each sampled during the process in the following manner
Selecting 10 different places or positions when the weight of the bolting plant in autumn is the maximum, collecting 10 plants each, cleaning, drying, weighing and determining the content of chlorogenic acid.
Weight statistical table
Unit (g)
Making variance homogeneity test to obtain variance homogeneity
The treatment corresponds to F170.921, P <0.001, and the overall mean values of the four different planting modes are considered to be different or not identical. Different cultivation methods are therefore considered to have a significant effect on weight.
It can be seen that the overall average weights of the different treatment factors are different in pairs.
By comparison, the weight of the vanilla plants produced by the four different methods had a significant effect, as seen from the weight average, example 1 > example 2 > example 3 > wild.
Reason analysis: the greenhouse planting can better achieve the growth condition of the vanilla at noon through manual control, and the vanilla grows more vigorously; the field sowing planting has less growth ability than the greenhouse, but has strong adaptability, and the field sowing planting also has vigorous growth in summer and autumn; although the seedling stage of greenhouse seedling raising transplantation is relatively vigorous, the adaptability after transplantation is poor, the survival period is relatively long, and the growth in the survival period is extremely slow; wild plants are not treated, the germination rate is low, the growth is sparse, the adaptability is strong, but the selectivity of the growth condition is poor, the number is small, and the weight of the plants is minimum.
The weight comparison shows that the yield of the artificial planting is obviously higher than that of the wild planting, and the planting mode suitability is arranged to be superior to greenhouse planting and field planting and superior to greenhouse seedling transplanting.
Chlorogenic acid content statistical table
Unit (%)
The treatment corresponds to F9.773, P <0.001, and the overall mean values of the four different planting modes are considered to be different or not identical. Different cultivation methods are therefore considered to have a significant effect on the content.
By comparison, the treatment corresponded to F-9.773, P <0.001, with four different methods producing vanillic plant chlorogenic acid with significant differences, example 1 > example 2 > example 3 > wild.
Reason analysis: the chlorogenic acid content of the vanilla planifolia may be related to the vigorous growth of the plants.
The comparison of the contents shows that the artificial planting is obviously superior to the wild plants in quality and is related to the vigorous growth degree of plants.
In conclusion, the artificial planting of the vanilla planifolia is obviously superior to the wild vanilla planifolia in yield and quality, and has great significance for supporting the application and development of the vanilla planifolia of Yi medicinal materials.
In addition, because fungal infection can occur in the planting process, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the greenhouse for seedling or planting, the soil is wet when meeting rainy and high-temperature weather, the basal leaves are easy to turn black and rot and gradually extend to the stem base, and the seedlings are cut off after the stem base turns black and rot. White hyphae attached to the root system can be obviously seen after the seedlings are pulled up.
The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating the insect disease of the lysimachia insignis.A pesticide is sprayed once before the rainy season comes, water accumulation is avoided, and a sunshade net is opened in the morning and evening and in the cloudy day to increase the illumination; when diseases occur, water is controlled in time.
In addition, a cabbage butterfly exists in the growing process: the larvae, namely cabbage caterpillars, bite leaves, only gnaw mesophyll before 2 years old, a layer of transparent epidermis is left, the silkworms after 3 years old eat the holes or the notches of the leaves, the leaves are completely eaten in severe cases, only rough veins and petioles are left, and the prevalence of soft rot is easily caused. When the disease occurs, the insect is killed in time. Wherein, the snail and cabbage looper can also cause plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the invention and need to be killed in time.
In addition, the invention meets the quality requirement of the planting method as follows: the characters are consistent with national standards, wherein the thin-layer identification of the medicinal materials and the thin-layer identification of the chlorogenic acid in the invention are in positive response, the water content is not more than 10.0%, the total ash content is not more than 15.0%, the acid insoluble ash content is not more than 5.0%, the extract content is not less than 20.0%, and the content of the chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9) in a dry product is not less than 0.18%. The content of lead, cadmium, mercury and copper is less than ten ppm, and the content of arsenic is less than two ppm; contains total hexachloro cyclohexane, total dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane not more than 0.2mg/kg, and pentachloronitrobenzene not more than 0.1 mg/kg.
The invention adopts seed propagation seedling as the main method for manually planting the afternoon vanilla, the afternoon vanilla is changed from wild to manually planted, and the environmental conditions, the seed collection, the screening, the processing, the hardening seedling transplantation, the field planting management, the quality condition and the like are fully researched, the seedling emergence rate of the seedling is more than 90 percent, the transplantation survival rate is more than 80 percent, and the yield and the quality index are obviously superior to those of the wild afternoon vanilla through the inspection.
As used in the specification and in the claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect.
It is noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of vanilla at noon is characterized by comprising the following procedures,
the first process is as follows: seed harvesting: judging the maturity of the seeds according to the maturity of the flowers, and harvesting the flowers meeting the requirements;
and step two, purifying and storing the seeds: drying the flowers for the first time, placing the dried flowers in a container to rub or lightly beat the dried flowers so that seeds fall off sufficiently, removing branches and leaves, buds and villi, removing residual impurities through a third sieve, paving the flowers in a proper container, covering gauze or silk cloth on the flowers to compress the flowers, drying the flowers in the sun sufficiently again, collecting, sealing, marking, and storing the flowers in a shade or in a cold storage way;
and a third process of seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 4 hours or more, putting the seeds into warm water, and soaking the seeds until the seeds fully absorb water;
and a fourth step of selecting a sowing environment: the environment comprises an indoor seeding environment and a field seeding environment;
fifth, seedbed preparation of indoor seeding: preparing the seedbed with organic fertilizer and loam, uniformly spreading the organic fertilizer on the sowing ground, killing insects, uniformly spreading the loam on the organic fertilizer, forming ridges and disinfecting;
sixth, indoor seeding: drilling, namely spreading the mixed seeds on ridges one by one, watering for the first time, enabling water to uniformly fall into soil in a vaporific manner by using a spray head during watering, and watering for multiple times after the first watering to keep the soil moist until the seeds emerge;
seventh, seedbed preparation of field sowing: preparing soil, ridging and applying base fertilizer according to the requirements of depth, fineness, transparency and firmness;
eighth, seedling culture of field sowing: row spacing drill seeding is carried out, after seeding, a spray head is used for uniformly watering thoroughly, and mulching films are covered; when the seedlings grow for 2 weeks and quickly contact the film surface, cutting the mulching film to expose the seedlings, pressing soil on the mulching film to protect moisture and prevent grass, and watering;
ninth process, seedling management: after seedling emergence, during the production period, watering is continued, soil is kept moist, overdrying and flooding are avoided, light, temperature and humidity are adjusted according to the environment, and weeding is carried out in time; timely insect control: proper topdressing is carried out to promote the growth of root systems and cultivate strong seedlings;
tenth procedure and management in the growth period: during the growing period, the plants begin to branch and sprout until the weight of the plants reaches the maximum, watering is carried out in time during the growing period, the soil is kept moist, weeding is carried out in time, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out for 1 to 2 times, and appropriate topdressing is carried out until the plants grow to be mature;
eleven, harvesting before flowering in 7-9 months, growing the plants to 40-60cm high after bolting, pulling out the plants with roots when the plants grow vigorously, removing silt, washing soil with water, drying in the sun, and bagging;
the method also comprises the following transplanting flow of the indoor seeding environment:
transplanting process I, hardening seedlings: when the seedlings grow to be 6-7cm high, the watering frequency is reduced, only slight moisture of soil is kept, a sun-shading net is opened every day to enable the seedlings to be irradiated by sunlight for 4-6 hours, the irradiation time is gradually increased, the seedlings are gradually adapted to the natural environment, the seedlings are hardened for 15-20 days, and the environmental adaptability of the seedlings is improved to be capable of being transplanted outdoors, so that outdoor transplantation can be carried out;
transplanting flow II, transplanting and field planting: the transplanting environment is loam, the water source is better, the irrigation is convenient, 20cm of organic fertilizer is added before the transplanting, the ridging is carried out, when the rainy season comes, the seedlings are taken and moved to the field for planting, the transplanting row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, sufficient root pressing water is poured after the transplanting, a shading film is covered, when the seedlings survive, when new buds are sent out, the film is cut to expose the overground part, the soil is covered, and the watering is carried out in time to keep the soil moist.
2. The method for planting herba cymbidii sinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sun-drying in the second process is performed by spreading the cut flowers on a baking pan or a cement floor, covering with gauze or silk cloth, compacting, and sun-drying.
3. The planting method of cymbopogon flexuosus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the third screen in the second process is 50 meshes.
4. The planting method of cymbopogon flexuosus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the warm water in the third process is 38-40 ℃ and the soaking time is more than 8 hours.
5. The method for planting hyssop noontifolia as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the sixth and eighth process, before sowing seeds, the seeds are diluted with the standard that 100g seeds are mixed with fine soil 3kg and grass ash 0.8kg, sowing is performed for 1 mu or 100g seeds are mixed with fine soil 30kg and grass ash 8kg, sowing is performed for 10 mu.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the thickness of the loam soil in the fifth procedure is 10 cm.
7. The method for planting vanilla planifolia according to claim 6, wherein the amount of seeds used per mu in the eight-row flow is 10g, and the row spacing is 15-20 cm.
8. The planting method of cymbopogon flexuosus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds are harvested when leaves begin to wither yellow from green, head inflorescences change from light brown yellow to wither yellow, buds open to give white silk, seeds change to brown or black, ovate, swell in the middle, and the grains are full.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the loam is red loam and the PH is 5.5-6.5.
10. The method for planting vanilla midday as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pest control process: spraying the pesticide once before the rainy season comes to avoid water accumulation, and opening a sunshade net in the morning, evening and cloudy day to increase the illumination; when diseases occur, controlling water in time, keeping relatively dry, applying the medicine for sterilization, and carrying out sterilization once every 7 days for 2-3 times continuously.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011221066.5A CN112335498B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011221066.5A CN112335498B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112335498A CN112335498A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
| CN112335498B true CN112335498B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
Family
ID=74428732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011221066.5A Active CN112335498B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112335498B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8535735B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2013-09-17 | Unigen, Inc. | Identification of free-B-ring flavonoids as potent COX-2 inhibitors |
| CN103503688A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 遵义普迪生物科技有限责任公司 | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root |
| CN106386484A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 云南金碧制药有限公司 | Anaphalis bulleyana cultivation and breeding method |
| CN106576662A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 孙正国 | Planting method for paris polyphylla |
| CN106688378A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-24 | 李洋锌 | Method for planting selenium-rich affine cudweed by using selenium-rich coating |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080003300A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Gaffar Maria C | Compostions containing Mg/Zn/F-CaP plus inhibitors of pro-inflammatory Cytokines (a combination of a Free-B-Ring flavonoids and a flavan) for osteoporosis prevention, therapy and treatment of bone diseases |
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202011221066.5A patent/CN112335498B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8535735B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2013-09-17 | Unigen, Inc. | Identification of free-B-ring flavonoids as potent COX-2 inhibitors |
| CN103503688A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-15 | 遵义普迪生物科技有限责任公司 | Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root |
| CN106576662A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 孙正国 | Planting method for paris polyphylla |
| CN106386484A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 云南金碧制药有限公司 | Anaphalis bulleyana cultivation and breeding method |
| CN106688378A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-24 | 李洋锌 | Method for planting selenium-rich affine cudweed by using selenium-rich coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112335498A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105941065B (en) | Soft seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method | |
| CN112673946B (en) | Method for brewing, heating and seedling raising of pod peppers in high and cold mountainous areas in south | |
| CN112568081A (en) | Angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method | |
| CN112753511A (en) | Artificial planting method for large-leaved gentian | |
| CN104145651A (en) | Planting method of Adenophora triphylla, perennial herb of the family Campanulaceae | |
| CN108260488B (en) | Technical method for high-yield under-forest ginseng tending | |
| CN110583383A (en) | Artificial planting method for wild conyza blinii | |
| CN109076911A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of Radix Angelicae Sinensis | |
| CN112335498B (en) | Planting method for cymbopogon flexuosus | |
| CN112470830B (en) | Seed propagation technology of rhizoma atractylodis in asteraceae | |
| CN109429950A (en) | A kind of free of contamination organic rice implantation methods | |
| CN114586624A (en) | Efficient seedling raising method for euphorbia pekinensis seeds | |
| CN110313371B (en) | Method for cultivating plateau coronarium | |
| CN108739327B (en) | Seed production method of capsicum annuum nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line | |
| CN113142000A (en) | Artificial planting method for fritillaria unibracteata | |
| CN113812324A (en) | Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area | |
| CN106993414B (en) | Germination box and akebia trifoliata seedling propagation method | |
| CN110754305A (en) | High-yield pitaya planting method | |
| CN112056165A (en) | Breeding and cultivating method of saussurea lappa in plateau area | |
| CN109258363A (en) | A kind of planting equipment and its implantation methods improving paris polyphylla volume increase | |
| CN111165277B (en) | Rapid breeding method of green grass in Africa | |
| CN110915531B (en) | Chinese gall planting method | |
| CN112655474B (en) | Yangxin tarragon direct seeding propagation method | |
| CN109937826B (en) | Method for effectively controlling harm of slug to pseudo-ginseng seedlings | |
| CN108293709A (en) | A kind of organic cabbage heart seedling dish open field culture method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |