CN112314424A - Transplanting-free floating plate and application thereof in floating cultivation of Chinese chives - Google Patents
Transplanting-free floating plate and application thereof in floating cultivation of Chinese chives Download PDFInfo
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- CN112314424A CN112314424A CN202011221739.7A CN202011221739A CN112314424A CN 112314424 A CN112314424 A CN 112314424A CN 202011221739 A CN202011221739 A CN 202011221739A CN 112314424 A CN112314424 A CN 112314424A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a transplant-free floating plate and application thereof in floating cultivation of Chinese chives. The water planting floats the board including floating the board, rectangular array has arranged a plurality of cultivation hole on floating the board, and each cultivation hole all designs into big-end-up's form, promptly, each cultivation hole comprises by an upper aperture and a lower hole, and wherein the diameter of upper aperture is greater than the diameter of lower hole. The upper hole may be a cylindrical hole; the lower hole can be an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole, the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole is larger than the lower diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole, and the diameter of the cylindrical hole is larger than the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole. The novel floating plate designed and developed by the invention realizes the direct seeding of the floating cultivation of the Chinese chives without transplanting, and can effectively reduce green moss and promote the growth of the Chinese chives.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transplanting-free floating plate and application thereof in floating cultivation of Chinese chives, belonging to the field of Chinese chive water culture cultivation.
Background
Leek (Allium tuberosum R.) is generally cultivated in various parts of China, is a characteristic vegetable of China, and is deeply loved by consumers. Soil cultivation is a traditional cultivation method, because the soil cultivation is damaged by diseases and insect pests such as Chinese chive maggots and the like, the prevention and the treatment are difficult, and a large amount of or high-toxicity pesticide is often used in the production process, so that the problem of pesticide residue in Chinese chive products is caused. Soilless culture is used as a novel and efficient mode for solving the problems of soil continuous cropping obstacle and the like, is gradually applied to the production of the Chinese chives, and the root systems of the Chinese chives cultured by nutrient solution grow in the nutrient solution, so that the growth environment of Chinese chives maggots is fundamentally stopped, the Chinese chives maggots can be well prevented and controlled, the development of the root systems is promoted, the yield and the quality of the Chinese chives are improved, and the method is an effective mode for solving a series of problems in the traditional Chinese chives culture mode. The soilless culture forms of the Chinese chives are various, mainly include matrix culture, nutrient solution culture and the like, and have the advantages of less plant diseases and insect pests, high yield, good quality, high vegetable purification rate, flexible culture field and the like. The existing research shows that the height of the soilless culture leek is increased by more than 14 percent compared with the soil culture plant, the yield is increased by more than 20 percent, and the Vc content is increased by more than 10 percent, so that the soilless culture promotes the production of the leek, improves the quality and improves the yield while solving the problem of the damage of leek maggots.
The floating cultivation is a form which has low cost, simple operation, convenient management and easy large-area popularization, and is a main form of soilless cultivation of leaf vegetables. The leek is a perennial vegetable with tillering capability, is also applied to floating cultivation, but mainly adopts a seedling and transplanting mode, and has the problems of high transplanting labor cost, damaged roots during transplanting, weak growth vigor, serious green moss and the like; a series of problems of uncontrollable density, serious green moss and the like exist in the direct seeding cultivation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of seedling culture and transplantation, serious green moss, weak growth and the like in the existing floating production of the Chinese chives, the invention provides the novel water culture floating plate, which realizes the transplanting-free and less green moss floating cultivation of the Chinese chives by designing holes into a form with a large upper part and a small lower part, using seeding sponge and covering perlite, and then combining with matched nutrient solution and management technology to realize the high-quality and high-efficiency production of the Chinese chives.
The invention provides a water culture floating plate, which comprises a floating plate, wherein a plurality of cultivation holes are arranged on the floating plate in a rectangular array mode, each cultivation hole is designed to be in a form of a big top and a small bottom, namely, each cultivation hole consists of an upper hole and a lower hole, and the diameter of the upper hole is larger than that of the lower hole;
in particular, the upper hole may be a cylindrical hole; the lower hole can be an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole, the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole is larger than the lower diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole, and the diameter of the cylindrical hole is larger than the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole.
Further, the height of the cylindrical hole is smaller than that of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole;
still further, the floating plate may have a size of: 540 x 280 x 35mm, which may be made of expandable polystyrene (material);
72 cultivation holes are arranged on the floating plate in a rectangular array;
the cultivation hole consists of a cylindrical hole at the upper part and an inverted round platform-shaped hole at the lower part,
the diameter of the cylindrical hole can be 28-32mm, specifically 30mm, the height can be 8-12mm, specifically 10 mm;
the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole can be 14-18mm, specifically 16mm, the lower diameter can be 10-14mm, specifically 12mm, the height can be 22-28mm, specifically 25 mm;
the water culture floating plate can further comprise a seeding sponge which is arranged in the lower hole of the culture hole and has the same shape and size with the lower hole (the height of the seeding sponge is 20mm), and perlite which is arranged above the seeding sponge and is accommodated in the upper hole of the culture hole;
the seeding sponge is divided into two layers, wherein the upper layer is closed-cell foaming sponge, and the lower layer is open-cell foaming water-absorbing sponge; the upper layer of sponge and the lower layer of sponge are adhered together through high-strength glue;
the thickness ratio of the upper closed-cell foam sponge to the lower open-cell foam absorbent sponge can be 1:1-3, specifically 1: 3;
the center of the upper closed-cell foaming sponge is also provided with a round hole for placing and fixing seeds;
the perlite is a mixture of perlite particles with the particle size of 2mm-4mm and perlite particles with the particle size of less than 2mm which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-2:4 (specifically 1: 4);
the volume weight of the perlite is 0.18-0.20g/cm3The water holding capacity is 400-425g/kg, the air permeability pore is 10-15%, the water holding pore is 60-65%, the total porosity is 70-80%, and the ratio of large pores to small pores is 0.2-0.3.
The application of the water culture floating plate in the transplanting-free water culture of Chinese chives also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The invention also provides a Chinese chive transplanting-free water culture method.
The transplanting-free Chinese chive hydroponic method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: placing leek seeds in a round hole in the center of closed-cell foaming sponge on the upper layer of the seeding sponge of the water culture floating plate; filling perlite particles into the cultivation holes; and placing the mixture on special nutrient solution for maintenance and management.
In the transplanting-free water culture, Ca (NO) is added3)2、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、K2SO4、CaCl2And H3PO4The special nutrient solution formula is researched and developed as an ion source of the low-nitrogen nutrient solution, and can be Ca2+2mmol/L；K+6mmol/L；NO3 -6mmol/L；NH4 +4mmol/L；Mg2+1mmol/L；SO4 2-4mmol/L；PO4 3-2mmol/L。
The invention discloses a water culture floating plate, wherein the culture holes on the plate are designed in a mode of being large above and small below, and the inverted frustum-shaped design of the lower holes is convenient for placing seeding sponge on one hand, so that the sponge is not easy to slide into a nutrient solution, and meanwhile, the seedling of the later Chinese chives is ensured not to fall into the nutrient solution; on the other hand, the design of the small holes at the bottom of the floating plate is beneficial to increasing buoyancy and reducing the draught, so that the thickness of the floating plate can be reduced, the cost is reduced, the reduction of the draught also reduces the contact of nutrient solution with perlite and the upper surface of the floating plate, the occurrence of green moss is reduced, meanwhile, the contact area of the Chinese chives root system and the air is increased, the oxygen is increased, and the growth of the Chinese chives is facilitated.
When the floating plate is used for sowing, firstly, the lower cultivation hole is filled with the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped sowing sponge which is the same as the lower cultivation hole; the seeding sponge is 20mm high and divided into two layers, the upper layer is 5mm thick, the lower layer is 15mm thick, the upper layer is the closed-cell foamed water-impermeable sponge which does not absorb water, so that the phenomenon that the lower layer sponge absorbs nutrient solution to influence seed germination and absorb the nutrient solution to cause perlite green moss can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the humidity of the upper layer perlite is reduced, and the prevention and control of pests such as Chinese chive maggots and the like are facilitated; the lower layer is a water-absorbing sponge with open pores, and the two layers of sponges are adhered together through high-strength glue mainly for ensuring that the Chinese chives can absorb nutrient solution in time after the root systems of the Chinese chives extend out and promoting growth; the height of the seeding sponge is lower than that of the inverted truncated cone-shaped hole, the sponge is flush with the upper part of the inverted truncated cone-shaped hole during seeding, and a gap of 5mm is formed at the bottom of the inverted truncated cone-shaped hole, so that the oxygen at the root part can be increased; the middle of the upper closed cell foam sponge is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 6mm and the depth of 5mm, which is mainly used for facilitating the sowing of the Chinese chives and the fixation of the seeds. The perlite has particle size of 2-4 mm and particle size of less than 2mm, and is mixed at a volume ratio of 1:4, and the volume weight is 0.18-0.20g/cm3The water holding capacity is 400-425g/kg, the air hole is 10-15%, the water holding hole is 60-65%, the total porosity is 70-80%, and the size-to-pore ratio is 0.2-0.3, and the method is mainly used for covering and moisturizing after sowing to ensure that the Chinese chives germinate neatly.
The matched special nutrient solution and management technology for the Chinese chives are established by matching with the novel floating plate. Ca (NO) is used for the characteristic that the flavor substances of the Chinese chives are mainly sulfides3)2、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、K2SO4、CaCl2And H3PO4As an ion source of the low-nitrogen nutrient solution, a special nutrient solution formula is researched and developed, and particularly Ca is used2+2mmol/L；K+6mmol/L；NO3 -6mmol/L；NH4 +4mmol/L；Mg2+1mmol/L；SO4 2-4mmol/L；PO4 3-2mmol/L。
In order to realize the purposes of transplanting-free, less green moss, uniform growth and the like of the floating cultivation of the Chinese chives, the invention designs and develops the novel floating plate, realizes the direct seeding of the floating cultivation of the Chinese chives without transplanting, can effectively reduce the green moss and promote the growth of the Chinese chives.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a hydroponic floating panel of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the hydroponic floating plate of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the hydroponic floating panel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The top plan view of the water culture floating plate is shown in figure 1; the bottom view is shown in fig. 2; the side view is shown in fig. 3.
Examples
The invention designs and develops a novel floating plate by combining the growth characteristics of Chinese chives after researching and analyzing the existing Chinese chives floating transplanting and floating direct seeding modes. The floating plate size was 540 x 280 x 35mm, total 72 cultivation wells, weighing 105 g. The cultivation holes are designed into a form of big top and small bottom, and the upper holes are cylindrical holes with the diameter of 30mm and the height of 10 mm; the lower hole is an inverted frustum-shaped hole with an upper diameter of 16mm, a lower diameter of 12mm and a height of 25mm (see figures 1-3 in detail).
The invention discloses a floating plate with a large upper part and a small lower part, and the inverted frustum-shaped design of the lower hole is convenient for placing seeding sponge on one hand, so that the sponge is not easy to slide into nutrient solution, and meanwhile, the seedling of the later Chinese chives is ensured not to fall into the nutrient solution; on the other hand, the design of the small holes at the bottom of the floating plate is beneficial to increasing buoyancy and reducing the draught, so that the thickness of the floating plate can be reduced, the cost is reduced, the reduction of the draught also reduces the contact of nutrient solution with perlite and the upper surface of the floating plate, the occurrence of green moss is reduced, meanwhile, the contact area of the Chinese chives root system and the air is increased, the oxygen is increased, and the growth of the Chinese chives is facilitated.
When the floating plate is used for sowing, firstly, the lower cultivation hole is filled with the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped sowing sponge which is the same as the lower cultivation hole; the seeding sponge is 20mm high and divided into two layers, the upper layer is 5mm thick, the lower layer is 15mm thick, the upper layer is the closed-cell foamed water-impermeable sponge which does not absorb water, so that the phenomenon that the lower layer sponge absorbs nutrient solution to influence seed germination and absorb the nutrient solution to cause perlite green moss can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the humidity of the upper layer perlite is reduced, and the prevention and control of pests such as Chinese chive maggots and the like are facilitated; the lower layer is a water-absorbing sponge with open pores, and the two layers of sponges are adhered together through high-strength glue mainly for ensuring that the Chinese chives can absorb nutrient solution in time after the root systems of the Chinese chives extend out and promoting growth; the middle of the upper closed cell foam sponge is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 6mm and the depth of 5mm, which is mainly used for facilitating the sowing of the Chinese chives and the fixation of the seeds. The perlite has particle size of 2-4 mm and particle size of less than 2mm, and is mixed at a volume ratio of 1:4, and the volume weight is 0.18-0.20g/cm3The water holding capacity is 400-425g/kg, the air hole is 10-15%, the water holding hole is 60-65%, the total porosity is 70-80%, and the size-to-pore ratio is 0.2-0.3, and the method is mainly used for covering and moisturizing after sowing to ensure that the Chinese chives germinate neatly.
The matched special nutrient solution and management technology for the Chinese chives are established by matching with the novel floating plate. Ca (NO) is used for the characteristic that the flavor substances of the Chinese chives are mainly sulfides3)2、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、K2SO4、CaCl2And H3PO4As an ion source of the low-nitrogen nutrient solution, a special nutrient solution formula is researched and developed, and particularly Ca is used2+2mmol/L；K+6mmol/L；NO3 -6mmol/L；NH4 +4mmol/L；Mg2+1mmol/L；SO4 2-4mmol/L；PO4 3-2mmol/L。
The cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1. the sowing sponge is plugged into the corresponding cultivation hole and is flush with the upper part of the cultivation hole.
2. And sowing the Chinese chive seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination acceleration into the sowing holes of the sponge.
3. The wet perlite is evenly covered in the cultivation holes.
4. Stacking 10-15 sown floating plates together, and putting the floating plates into a germination accelerating box for accelerating germination.
5. After the leek roots grow seeding sponge and the perlite is ejected from the upper part, the floating plate is put into the floating tank.
6. Nutrient solution management: according to the development of nutrient solution formula, Ca (NO) is firstly added3)2And KNO3Dissolving in water at room temperature to obtain nutrient solution A (Ca)2+2mmol/L；K+2mmol/L；NO3-6mmol/L), then (NH4)2SO4、MgSO4And K2SO4(NH4+4mmol/L；Mg2+1mmol/L；SO4 2-4mmol/L) is put into clean water at normal temperature, and nutrient solution B is obtained after dissolution; adding 1/3 volumes of clear water into the nutrient solution pool, adding the nutrient solution A, uniformly stirring, then adding 1/3 volumes of clear water, adding the nutrient solution B, and uniformly stirring; finally adding H3PO4Rear (PO)4 3-2mmol/L), adding sufficient clear water, and stirring to obtain the special nutrient solution. Adjusting the EC value and the pH value of the nutrient solution to be 1.6-1.8mS/cm and 6.0-6.2 respectively at the seedling stage of the Chinese chives, adjusting the EC value and the pH value to be 2.2-2.4mS/cm and 6.0-6.2 at the vigorous growth stage of the Chinese chives, and adjusting the EC value and the pH value to be 1.8-2.0mS/cm and 6.0-6.2 at 7 days before harvesting. The temperature of the nutrient solution is kept between 15 and 25 ℃.
Emergence condition of novel surface floating plate after sowing
The conventional plug seedling adopts a 72-hole plug seedling, and the specific operation and technical points are operated according to NY/T2119 + 2012 vegetable plug seedling + general rules.
Growth and green moss comparison after cultivation of novel surface floating plate
The conventional floating plate transplanting operation is as follows: after the substrate at the root of the plug seedling is washed clean, the rootstock part is wrapped by common sponge and transplanted to the corresponding hole of the floating plate, and the upper plane of the sponge is level to the upper part of the hole; sowing the plug seedlings and the floating plates in a direct sowing mode at the same time, wherein the plug is 72 holes, and the substrate is a commercialized seedling culture substrate; the floating plate is made of expandable polystyrene, has size of 62.5 × 37.5 × 4mm, has 84 holes and is cylindrical, and has uniform upper and lower diameters of 43 mm. The seedlings are put in the same environment for unified management after emergence of the seedlings in the two modes, and data are measured after 60 days. When the green moss occurrence rate is calculated, 5 grades are divided according to the color from light to dark: grade 1, no green coating; grade 2 sporadic occurrence, light green; grade 3, occurring in small amount and being greener in color; grade 4 occurs in large quantities, and the color is dark green; all the 5 grades are covered, and the color is black and green; levels 1-2 are calculated as not occurring and levels 3-5 are calculated as occurring).
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a water planting floating plate, includes and floats the board, rectangular array has arranged a plurality of cultivation hole on floating the board, and each cultivation hole all designs into big-end-up's form, promptly, each cultivation hole comprises one hole and one hole down, and wherein the diameter of last hole is greater than the diameter of hole down.
2. The hydroponic floating plate of claim 1, wherein: the upper hole is a cylindrical hole; the lower hole is an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole, the upper diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole is larger than the lower diameter of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped hole,
and the diameter of the cylindrical hole is larger than the upper diameter of the inverted round table-shaped hole.
3. A hydroponic floating panel according to claim 2, wherein: the height of the cylindrical hole is smaller than that of the inverted round table-shaped hole.
4. A hydroponic floating panel according to claim 3, wherein: the water planting floating plate further comprises a seeding sponge arranged in the lower hole of the cultivation hole and having the same shape and size as the lower hole, and perlite arranged above the seeding sponge and contained in the upper hole of the cultivation hole.
5. The hydroponic floating plate of claim 4, wherein: the seeding sponge is divided into two layers, wherein the upper layer is closed-cell foaming sponge, and the lower layer is open-cell foaming water-absorbing sponge; the upper layer sponge and the lower layer sponge are adhered together through high-strength glue.
6. A hydroponic floating panel according to claim 5, wherein: the thickness ratio of the upper closed-cell foam sponge to the lower open-cell foam absorbent sponge is 1: 1-3.
7. The hydroponic floating plate of claim 6, wherein: and the center of the upper closed-cell foaming sponge is also provided with a round hole for placing and fixing seeds.
8. The hydroponic floating plate of claim 7, wherein: the perlite is a mixture of perlite particles with the particle size of 2mm-4mm and perlite particles with the particle size of less than 2mm which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 4.
9. Use of the hydroponics floating plate of any one of claims 1-8 in non-transplant hydroponics of leeks.
10. A Chinese chive transplanting-free water culture method comprises the following steps: placing leek seeds in a round hole in the center of an upper closed-cell foam sponge of a seeding sponge of the hydroponic floating plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8; filling perlite particles into the cultivation holes; placing the special nutrient solution on the special nutrient solution for maintenance and management; the formula of the special nutrient solution is Ca2+ 2mmol/L；K+6mmol/L；NO3 -6mmol/L；NH4 + 4mmol/L；Mg2+ 1mmol/L；SO4 2- 4mmol/L；PO4 3- 2mmol/L。
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| CN116250476A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-06-13 | 北京市农林科学院 | Double-layer floating planting plate for perennial leaf vegetables and planting method and application thereof |
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