CN112281520B - 一种高固色率活性染料印花方法 - Google Patents

一种高固色率活性染料印花方法 Download PDF

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CN112281520B
CN112281520B CN202011029519.4A CN202011029519A CN112281520B CN 112281520 B CN112281520 B CN 112281520B CN 202011029519 A CN202011029519 A CN 202011029519A CN 112281520 B CN112281520 B CN 112281520B
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钱红飞
张永兴
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Zhejiang Seven Color Rainbow Technology Co ltd
Zhejiang Seven Color Rainbow Technology Co ltd Keqiao Branch
University of Shaoxing
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Abstract

本申请提供一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,属于纺织材料的液相、气相和蒸汽连续处理技术领域。包括预轧碱→烘干→印花→烘干→汽蒸或焙烘→水洗→皂洗→水洗→烘干,将本申请应用于活性染料印花,具有固色率高的优点。

Description

一种高固色率活性染料印花方法
技术领域
本申请涉及一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,属于纺织材料的液相、气相和蒸汽连续处理技术领域。
背景技术
活性染料因色泽鲜艳、色牢度较好被广泛用于纤维素纤维织物的印花,它通过自身分子中活性基团与纤维素纤维中的羟基发生化学反应形成共价键固着在纤维上。活性染料与纤维发生固着反应的同时,也会发生水解反应,造成一定量的浮色。在实际印染加工时,需要优化工艺条件尽可能提高与纤维的固着反应,降低水解反应。
活性染料一般需要在碱性条件下发生固着反应,根据施碱方式不同,印花工艺分为全料法和二相法。两者最大的区别是制备色浆时,前者将碱已经加入在色浆中,后者是印花后再轧碱。
二相法的最大优点是染料在色浆中较为稳定,染料与碱剂选择范围广,可以选择反应活性高的染料;但缺点是工艺流程较全料法长,碱剂的施加方式、固色工艺条件对染料的上染及印花效果影响较大,目前实际生产中很少采用。
全料法是较为常用的印花工艺,由于染料与碱在色浆中共混,活性染料存在水解失活的风险,染料品种的选择存在一定的局限性。
一氯均三嗪染料耐碱性高,色浆不易水解,固色后的共价键也不易在碱性环境下断键。因此,一氯均三嗪活性染料是目前市场上最适合全料法印花的活性染料。其色浆稳定性高,贮存时间长,不容易出现风印疵病。但其活性基反应性低,对蒸汽湿度要求较高,大生产时,因为蒸汽湿度较低,经常会导致得色浅,色光萎暗,前后批色差严重,甚至出现左中右色差、布面色花等问题。大多数染料固色率为50%-60%甚至更低,水洗时会造成大量的浮色,造成白底沾色,印花产品湿牢度差,废水COD高等一系列问题。为了改善以上问题,印花企业大量使用尿素,成为氨氮排放大户。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请提供一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,该方法不仅满足固色率高的要求,还实现了低污染印花工艺过程。
具体地,本申请是通过以下方案实现的:
一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,包括以下步骤:预轧碱→烘干→印花→烘干→汽蒸或焙烘→水洗→皂洗→水洗→烘干,
所述预轧碱工艺参数如下:
纯碱 5-20g/L
轧余率: 60-80%
所述印花参数如下:
Figure BDA0002703111330000021
所述汽蒸参数如下:
温度 100-102℃
时间 5-10min
所述焙烘参数如下:
温度 160-180℃
时间 3-5min
所述皂洗参数为:皂洗剂1-2g/L,温度90-95℃,时间10-15min。
所述活性染料选择有P型或K型(含一个一氯均三嗪活性基)、KE型或HE型(含二个一氯均三嗪活性基)、FL型(含一个氟氯均三嗪和一个乙烯砜双活性基)等。
所述的合成增稠剂为聚丙烯酸类增稠剂,如中科大研制的合成增稠剂KG-201、沈阳化工院研制的增稠剂PF、绍兴柯桥鑫火印花材料公司生产的增稠剂2008等。
所述促固剂为偏疏水性的聚醚型表面活性剂,如L61、L62、L72、L92等系列,其分子结构式为:
Figure BDA0002703111330000031
上述印花方法的具体操作:经过前处理的棉织物,先用纯碱液进行浸轧施碱,烘干后待用(堆放时最好用塑料薄膜包覆,与空气隔绝,以免环境影响布面的碱性)。用上述印花处方制备的色浆进行印花,马上进行烘干、汽蒸或焙烘固色,后进行水洗、皂洗、水洗与烘干。
本申请所提供的上述印花方法可获得高固色率低污效果,其工作原理描述如下:
(1)采用预施碱工艺。织物在印花加工前浸轧碱液并烘干,避免印花色浆制备时碱剂的加入,克服了染料和碱同浆引起染料过早水解的问题,扩大了染料的选择范围,不局限于低反应活性的活性染料,还可以选择使用高反应性、高固色率的活性染料品种。
(2)合成增稠剂的应用。合成增稠剂的特点是给色量较高,但是耐盐性较差,其流变性容易受电解质型碱(碳酸氢钠)的影响,色浆容易变稀发生渗化等现象。而在前道工序预施碱的配合下,较好地解决了上述技术难题。
(3)专用助剂的应用。本发明自行研发了一种促固剂,促固剂能够提高合成增稠剂耐盐性、并改善色浆亲疏水性的助剂,具有促进色浆中活性染料上染转移至纤维素纤维上反应固着的作用,进一步提高了活性染料的固色率。
综上所述,本发明活性染料印花技术是一项集工艺流程、染料和助剂等系统创新的成套技术,具有高固色率低污染的效果和特点,适合推广应用。
附图说明
图1为小苏打对合成增稠剂色浆粘度的影响;
图2为尿素浓度对印花固色率的影响;
图3为促固剂浓度对色浆流变性的影响;
图4为促固剂对印花织物色深值、固色率和印透性的影响。
具体实施方式
实施例1:小苏打对合成增稠剂制成的色浆流变性影响
采用活性红P-6B,其浓度为1%,合成增稠剂KG-201为3.5%,尿素为10%,变化小苏打浓度为0-4%,其余加水,制备色浆,用NDJ-4A型旋转式粘度计测定其粘度,结果如图1所示。
从上图1可以看出,当小苏打在色浆中加入后,其色浆的粘度有较大幅度的下降,并随着用量的增加,色浆粘度逐渐下降。说明小苏打与合成增稠剂相容性较差,不能在一起使用,所以织物的预施碱工艺能较好地解决上述问题,为后续高给色性合成增稠剂的应用提供较好的技术保障。
实施例2:合成增稠剂用量的优化
合成增稠剂用量决定色浆的粘稠性,对印花效果起到重要的作用,其用量需要进一步优化。由于碱的存在对合成糊料成糊性影响很大,试验分别在不含碱剂和含碱剂两种情况下进行。色浆处方为:活性红P-6B为1%,尿素10%,小苏打为0或3%,变化合成增稠剂的浓度,范围为0-6%,其余加水至100%,用NDJ-4A型旋转式粘度计测定其粘度,结果如表1所示。
表1不同合成增稠剂浓度下色浆的粘度
Figure BDA0002703111330000051
注:“——”表示色浆太稀或太稠,粘度不能测定。
由实验数据可知,色浆达到相近粘稠性,不含碱色浆其合成增稠剂用量比含碱的用量明显要低。当合成增稠剂用量增至3-4%时,不加碱的色浆粘度已基本达到了加碱色浆6%合成增稠剂用量的粘度指标(转速为3r是粘度值为20400),为达到相近粘度,另行配制合成增稠剂用量为3.5%的色浆,测定粘度值为19400,其粘度已能满足印花要求。
实施例3:预施碱中纯碱用量的优化和染料的筛选
先将织物浸轧不同浓度的碳酸钠溶液,浓度为5g/L、10g/L、15g/L、20g/L、25g/L,烘干后待用。采用不同种类活性染料,其浓度为1%,合成增稠剂KG-201为3.5%,尿素为10%,其余加水,制备色浆,对织物进行印花、烘干,并在100℃条件下汽蒸8min,后经水洗、皂洗、水洗、烘干等工序,对织物表观色深值用SF-600 Data color测色配色仪测量,记录在最大吸收波长处的K/S值。计算印花织物皂洗后的K/S值与皂洗前K/S值的百分比值,获得固色率。其结果如下表2所示。
表2纯碱用量对各类活性染料印花给色量和固色率(%)的影响
Figure BDA0002703111330000052
从上表2数据可以看出,对于不同活性染料而言,碱的影响是不同的。活性红P-6B的固色率随着碳酸钠浓度的增大先上升后下降,在碳酸钠浓度为20g/L时其固色率最高。活性红KE-7B的固色率随着碳酸钠浓度的增大而上升,至20g/L时基本达到最高。活性红K-2BP的固色率随碳酸钠浓度的呈缓慢增长趋势。但是活性红M-3BE和活性红FL-2BL的固色率随着碳酸钠浓度的增大开始升高后马上降低,说明对这两类染料而言,纯碱的浓度以10g/L为好。
比较每个染料最高固色率值可以发现,活性红P-6B、活性红KE-7B的固色率为最高,均达到90%以上,分别为90.01%、99.20%。其次是活性红FL-2BL和活性红K-2BP,分别为85.97%、84.88%。而活性红M-3BE表现最差,其固色率低于66%。
综上所述,预施碱印花工艺比较适合P、KE、K、FL等类型活性染料,不太适合M型。对于不同类型的活性染料,其预施碱工艺中纯碱的用量略有不同。在活性染料浓度为1%时,对于P、KE、K型活性染料而言,纯碱用量以15-25g/L为佳,而对于FL型活性染料而言,纯碱用量可以减少至5-10g/L。
实施例4:尿素用量对新工艺印花效果的影响
选择活性红KE-7B,为了节约纯碱用量,棉织物预施碱纯碱浓度为10g/L。色浆处方为:染料浓度为1%,合成增稠剂KG-201为3.5%,变化尿素的用量,范围为0-10%,其余加水至100%。用相同工艺进行印花后处理,测定印花织物的表面K/S值、固色率和印透性,结果如图2所示。
从上图2可以看出,对于本实施例印花工艺,印花固色率随着尿素用量的增加而逐渐升高,当尿素用量升至4%以后,固色率达到最高,后变化不大。说明新工艺中,尿素的加入有利于提高印花固色率,一般可以控制在4-10%范围内。
实施例5:促固剂对色浆流变性的影响
采用活性红KE-7B,其浓度为1%,合成增稠剂KG-201为3.5%,尿素为10%,加入促固剂(聚醚型表面活性剂L61),其余加水至100%,制备色浆,用NDJ-4A型旋转式粘度计测定其粘度,结果如图3所示。
图3显示,随着促固剂浓度的递增,其色浆的粘度增大,PVI值有所降低。当用量增加至1.0%时,增加幅度变得比较缓慢。因此,说明促固剂加入有助于改善合成增稠剂耐盐性,降低了活性染料(含磺酸盐、电解质等)、尿素对合成增稠剂流变性的影响,增加了色浆粘稠性,同时降低了PVI值,假塑性流变特性更加明显,有助于色浆的刮印和精细花型的印制。
实施例6:促固剂对活性染料固色率的影响
用上述含不同促配剂浓度的色浆对棉织物进行印花,棉织物预施碱纯碱浓度为10g/L,用相同工艺进行后处理,测定印花织物的表面K/S值、固色率和印透性,结果如图4所示。
图4显示,随着色浆中促固剂含量的增加,固色率也随之递增,但增加至0.5%后,固色率又随之下降。从印透性分析,却随着促固剂含量增加而下降,这与色浆的粘稠性增加相关,粘稠性增加不利于色浆的渗透,印透性随之降低。从上述数据表明,促固剂用量以0.5%为最佳,考虑它对色浆的流变性影响,实际生产时,用量控制范围为0.5-1.0%为好。
上述实施例的应用效果
采用活性红KE-7B、活性黄KE-4R以及活性藏青KE-R三色KE型活性染料,以新型印花工艺对棉织物进行印花,棉织物预施碱纯碱浓度为10g/L,轧余率为60-70%。印花色浆处方为染料浓度为1%,增稠剂KG-201为3.5%,尿素为10%,自配促固剂为0%或0.5%,其余加水至100%。印花后在100℃条件下汽蒸8min,后经过水洗、皂洗、水洗、烘干等后处理,测定其固色率,并与传统印花工艺获得的固色率进行比较,结果如下表3所示。
表3各类工艺印花所得固色率(%)的对比
Figure BDA0002703111330000071
注:传统工艺印花工艺处方为:染料浓度1%,海藻酸钠原糊60%,尿素为10%,碳酸氢钠为3%,其余加水至100%。其他印花后处理工艺均与新型印花工艺相同。
从上述结果可以看出,与传统的印花工艺相比,本案例新型印花技术具有明显高固色率效果,三只活性染料固色率均达到80%以上,其中活性红KE-7B和活性藏青KE-R均达到了90%以上,具有较强的推广应用价值。

Claims (4)

1.一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:预轧碱→烘干→印花→烘干→汽蒸或焙烘→水洗→皂洗→水洗→烘干,
所述预轧碱的工艺参数设置如下:
纯碱 5-20g/L
轧余率: 60-80%;
所述印花的工艺参数设置如下:
活性染料 X%,X%≤6%
合成增稠剂 2-6%
促固剂 0.5-1.0%
尿素 4-10%
水 余量至100%;
所述活性染料为P型或K型、KE型或HE型、FL型,
所述促固剂为L61、L62、L72、L92系列中的任一种,结构式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
所述合成增稠剂为聚丙烯酸类增稠剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,其特征在于,所述皂洗的工艺参数设置为:皂洗剂1-2g/L,温度90-95℃,时间10-15min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,其特征在于,所述焙烘的工艺参数设置如下:
温度 160-180℃
时间 3-5min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高固色率活性染料印花方法,其特征在于,所述汽蒸的工艺参数设置如下:
温度 100-102℃
时间 5-10min。
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