CN112280459A - 一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112280459A
CN112280459A CN202011238146.1A CN202011238146A CN112280459A CN 112280459 A CN112280459 A CN 112280459A CN 202011238146 A CN202011238146 A CN 202011238146A CN 112280459 A CN112280459 A CN 112280459A
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polyurethane coating
vegetable oil
flame
parts
retardant
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CN112280459B (zh
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郭凯
方正
何伟
朱宁
陶俊杰
刘成扣
陶惠新
陈可泉
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法，以植物油多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、有机溶剂、环氧树脂、阻燃剂、亲水扩链剂、中和剂和水为原料制备而成；其中，所述的环氧树脂为式Ⅰ所示的化合物。本发明提供了一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，该制备方法操作简单，制得的聚氨酯涂料具备绿色环保、耐水性好、产品价格低、阻燃性能好等优良性能，利于工业化生产。

Description

一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来随着人们环保意识的增强和对自身健康的关注，加上环保条例中对挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的排放量以及有害溶剂的含量有严格要求，含有溶剂和有机填料的聚氨酯涂料的应用受到了极大的限制，促使聚氨酯涂料向水性化、粉末化及高固体份的方向发展。其中，水性聚氨酯涂料以水为分散介质，因具有安全无毒、无溶剂挥发、环境友好、耐水性好等特点而受到涂料界的高度重视。发展水性聚氨酯涂料成为近年来聚氨酯涂料领域的热点之一。
但是，现有的水性聚氨酯涂料，多以石油作原料制备多元醇，需要消耗大量的石油资源；且用石油制备多元醇存在工艺复杂、污染严重等问题。天然油脂是目前公认的也是唯一可以再生的石油替代品，而天然油脂中又以植物油的性能最为理想。因此，通过植物油多元醇将植物油分子引入到聚氨酯材料中，不仅可以解决石油资源短缺及环境污染等问题，还可以提高植物油产品的附加值。
同时，大多聚氨酯涂料不具备阻燃性能，所以在合成聚氨酯材料的结构骨架中引入阻燃成分，赋予材料本征阻燃性能，成为近年来研究的热点。白质作为阻燃剂的优点：首先，它们来源于食品工业的废物或副产品，这些都是低成本原料；其次，蛋白质含氮和磷是作为阻燃剂的重要因素。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
本发明还提供了上述阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法。
为了解决上述第一个技术问题，本发明公开了一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料，以植物油多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、有机溶剂、环氧树脂、阻燃剂、亲水扩链剂、中和剂和水为原料制备而成；其中，所述的环氧树脂为式Ⅰ所示的化合物，
Figure BDA0002767482830000021
其中，各原料的重量份数如下：
Figure BDA0002767482830000022
其中，所述的植物油多元醇的羟值为160-180mgKOH/g。
其中，所述的植物油多元醇来源于芝麻油、花生油、大豆油、棉花籽油等。
优选地，所述的植物油多元醇的重量份数为65份。
其中，所述的异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)中的任意一种或几种组合。
优选地，所述的异氰酸酯为IPDI。
优选地，所述的异氰酸酯的重量份数为60份。
其中，所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
优选地，所述的催化剂的重量份数为2份。
其中，所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、甲苯和丁酮中的任意一种或几种组合。
优选地，所述的有机溶剂为丙酮。
优选地，所述的有机溶剂的重量份数为30份。
优选地，所述的环氧树脂的重量份数为15份。
其中，所述的环氧树脂的合成路径如下所示：
Figure BDA0002767482830000031
具体地，包括如下步骤[1]：
(i)将FDCA(21.2g，1.0当量)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF，80mL)中加入到圆底烧瓶中剧烈搅拌，然后将烯丙基溴(49.2g，3.0当量)，K2CO3(56.2g，3.0当量)加入到混合物中，将该混合物加热到50℃反应2天。反应后，旋蒸混合物以除去未反应的烯丙基溴。然后将混合物用水反复洗涤并用二氯甲烷萃取，收集有机层，并用无水硫酸钠干燥。通过硅胶柱分离得到黄色BAMF固体。
(ii)将BAMF(11.8g，1.0当量)和m-CPBA(21.5g，2.5当量)加入到二氯甲烷(80mL)中在40℃下反应3天。过滤得到的悬浮液用二氯甲烷萃取，收集的有机相用亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗涤，然后用10％Na2 CO3水溶液洗涤。最后将有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩，得到环氧树脂Ⅰ。
其中，所述的阻燃剂为双(4-羟基苯基)苯基氧化膦、磷酸三丁酯和酪蛋白(含有如式Ⅱ或式Ⅲ所示的磷蛋白残基)中的任意一种或几种组合。
Figure BDA0002767482830000032
优选地，所述的阻燃剂为酪蛋白。
优选地，所述的阻燃剂的重量份数为18份。
其中，所述的亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟基半酯和二羟甲基丁酸中的任意一种或几种组合。
优选地，所述的亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸。
优选地，所述的亲水扩链剂的重量份数为9份。
其中，所述的中和剂为三乙胺、三乙醇胺和二甲基环己胺中的任意一种或几种组合。
优选地，所述的中和剂为三乙胺。
优选地，所述的中和剂的重量份数为25份。
优选地，所述的水的重量份数为30份。
为了解决上述第二个技术问题，本发明公开了上述聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将植物油多元醇与异氰酸酯在有机溶剂中混合，并加入催化剂进行反应，得预聚体混合液；
(2)向步骤(1)所得的预聚体混合液中加入环氧树脂、阻燃剂和亲水扩链剂进行聚合反应，得聚合体混合液；
(3)向步骤(2)所得聚合体混合液中加入中和剂至中性，再加入水乳化，抽真空，即得。
[1]Meng J,Zeng Y,Chen P,et al.New ultrastiff bio-furan epoxy networkswith high Tg:Facile synthesis to excellent properties[J].European PolymerJournal,2019,121:109292.
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优势：
1、本发明提供了一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，该制备方法操作简单，制得的聚氨酯涂料具备绿色环保、耐水性好、产品价格低、阻燃性能好等优良性能，利于工业化生产。
2、本产品的制备过程中使用了植物油多元醇，避免了使用石化类产品，既可综合利用、降低成本，又可以生物降解、绿色环保。
3、本产品的制备过程中使用了生物基阻燃剂(酪蛋白)，绿色环保。乳清蛋白在涂料中诱导碳化过程中的碳在氮气下降解，形成的碳层能够降低峰值热释放速率(PHRR)并且降低燃烧速率，使涂料具有了很好的阻燃性能。
4、本发明使用式Ⅰ所示的环氧树脂，反应活性高、生物碳含量高、与油脂相容性更强、使物料均一性好，让后续的反应更好的进行，进一步提高各项性能。
具体实施方式
据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
各原料的用量“份”为“重量份”。所述的酪蛋白(注：又称干酪素)的厂家为甘南州科瑞乳品开发有限公司，型号为工业级干酪素。
以下实施例中，所用的环氧树脂为式Ⅰ所示的化合物：
Figure BDA0002767482830000051
式Ⅰ所示的化合物的合成路径如下所示：
Figure BDA0002767482830000052
式Ⅰ所示的化合物的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将FDCA(21.2g，1.0当量)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF，80mL)中加入到圆底烧瓶中剧烈搅拌，然后将烯丙基溴(49.2g，3.0当量)，K2CO3(56.2g，3.0当量)加入到混合物中，将该混合物加热到50℃反应2天。反应后，旋蒸混合物以除去未反应的烯丙基溴，然后将混合物用水反复洗涤并用二氯甲烷萃取，收集有机层，并用无水硫酸钠干燥，通过硅胶柱分离得到黄色BAMF固体(27.2g，85％)。
(2)将BAMF(11.8g，1.0当量)和m-CPBA(21.5g，2.5当量)加入到二氯甲烷(80mL)中在40℃下反应3天，过滤得到的悬浮液用二氯甲烷萃取，收集的有机相用亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗涤，然后用10％Na2 CO3水溶液洗涤。最后将有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩，得到环氧树脂Ⅰ(9.94g，75.0％)。
实施例1
将65份植物油多元醇(羟值为170mgKOH/g，来源于棉花籽油)与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂Ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例2
将50份植物油多元醇(羟值为160mgKOH/g，来源于芝麻油)与60份甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)在35份甲苯中混合并加入1份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入10份环氧树脂Ⅰ、18份阻燃剂双(4-羟基苯基)苯基氧化膦和5份亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入20份中和剂三乙醇胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入20份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去甲苯得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例3
将60份植物油多元醇(羟值为180mgKOH/g，来源于花生油)与70份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)在40份丁酮中混合并加入3份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入20份环氧树脂Ⅰ、15份阻燃剂磷酸三丁酯和13份亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丁酸，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入30份中和剂二甲基环己胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入40份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丁酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例4
将70份植物油多元醇(羟值为175mgKOH/g，来源于大豆油)与80份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在40份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂Ⅰ、10份阻燃剂双(4-羟基苯基)苯基氧化膦和9份亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入40份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入35份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例5
将65份植物油多元醇(羟值为170mgKOH/g，来源于棉花籽油)与60份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入4份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入18份环氧树脂Ⅰ、10份阻燃剂酪蛋白、15份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入40份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入40份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
对比例1：环氧树脂替换为双酚F环氧树脂
将65份植物油多元醇(羟值为170mgKOH/g，来源于棉花籽油)与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份双酚F环氧树脂、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
对比例2：环氧树脂替换为双酚A环氧树脂
将65份植物油多元醇(羟值为170mgKOH/g，来源于棉花籽油)与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份双酚A环氧树脂、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
对比例3：环氧树脂替换为酚醛型环氧树脂
将65份植物油多元醇(羟值为170mgKOH/g，来源于棉花籽油)与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡，于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份酚醛型环氧树脂、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯，于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性，加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
将上述实施例和对比例所得聚氨酯涂料按照如何方法检测其各项性能：根据GB/T1728-1979(1989)测定涂料的实干时间；根据GB/T 9754-1988测定涂料的60°光泽；根据GB/T 1730-1993测定涂料的摆杆硬度；根据GB/T 1731-1993测定涂料的柔韧性；根据GB/T1732-1993测定涂料的耐冲击性；根据GB/T 1733-1993测定涂料的耐水性；根据GB/T23989-2009测定涂料的耐乙醇擦拭性；根据GB/T 2406.2-2009测定涂料的极限氧指数；根据GB/T 2408-1996测定涂料的阻燃性能指标。具体检测结果如表1所示。
表1水性聚氨酯涂料的涂膜性能
Figure BDA0002767482830000081
表1给出了根据本发明实施例的组合获取的水性聚氨酯涂料的涂膜性能，与现有技术的水性聚氨酯涂料相比，本发明的水性聚氨酯涂料具备绿色环保、耐水性好、产品价格低、阻燃性能好等优良性能，利于工业化生产。
本发明提供了一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，以植物油多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、有机溶剂、环氧树脂、阻燃剂、亲水扩链剂、中和剂和水为原料制备而成；其中，所述的环氧树脂为式Ⅰ所示的化合物，
Figure FDA0002767482820000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，各原料的重量份数如下：
Figure FDA0002767482820000012
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的植物油多元醇的羟值为160-180mgKOH/g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或几种组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、甲苯和丁酮中的任意一种或几种组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的阻燃剂为双(4-羟基苯基)苯基氧化膦、磷酸三丁酯和酪蛋白中的任意一种或几种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟基半酯和二羟甲基丁酸中的任意一种或几种组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于，所述的中和剂为三乙胺、三乙醇胺和二甲基环己胺中的任意一种或几种组合。
10.权利要求1～9中任意一项所述的聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将植物油多元醇与异氰酸酯在有机溶剂中混合，并加入催化剂进行反应，得预聚体混合液；
(2)向步骤(1)所得的预聚体混合液中加入环氧树脂、阻燃剂和亲水扩链剂进行聚合反应，得聚合体混合液；
(3)向步骤(2)所得聚合体混合液中加入中和剂至中性，再加入水乳化，抽真空，即得。
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