CN112273149A - Mixed matrix for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using hericium erinaceus mushroom residues and preparation method - Google Patents
Mixed matrix for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using hericium erinaceus mushroom residues and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112273149A CN112273149A CN202011167928.0A CN202011167928A CN112273149A CN 112273149 A CN112273149 A CN 112273149A CN 202011167928 A CN202011167928 A CN 202011167928A CN 112273149 A CN112273149 A CN 112273149A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The mixed substrate for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus residues comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10-20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37-40% of cottonseed hulls, 15-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5-3% of quick lime; the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing fresh Hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs into particles, exposing the fresh Hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs to the sun in sunny days, mixing xylitol dregs and quick lime uniformly, adding water into cottonseed hulls in advance for pre-wetting, crushing gypsum and calcium carbonate into powder, sieving, then uniformly mixing according to the proportion, measuring the pH value, bagging or bottling, sterilizing the filled mixed matrix, inoculating liquid strains of the velvet antler mushrooms after the temperature between bottles or bags is reduced to 26 ℃, transferring the liquid strains into a closed spawn running chamber, allowing the bags or bottles to be full of the strains after 20-23 days, transferring the bags or bottles into a mushroom running room, opening a bag opening or a bottle cover, and allowing mushroom buds to sprout after 23-25 days; the invention can realize the beneficial effects of reducing cost, shortening production period and reducing environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of edible fungus production, and particularly relates to a mixed matrix for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using hericium erinaceus fungus residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hericium erinaceus is high in nutritional ingredients, contains 26.3 grams of protein per hundred grams, contains various amino acids, various vitamins and mineral elements, and contains abundant nutritional elements in waste mushroom dregs; xylitol is a natural novel sweetener and advanced medical food extracted from corn cob, bagasse and other substances, has low calorie, and is a natural sweetener; the velvet antler mushroom contains various amino acids and glucans, has the effects of resisting tumors, reducing cholesterol, resisting diabetes and the like after being eaten for a long time, increases the social demand, starts to cultivate the velvet antler mushroom in China late, mostly uses cottonseed hulls as main materials for cultivation, has single raw materials, high price, large investment of cultivation media and low economic benefit, and causes environmental pollution if a large amount of waste hericium erinaceus fungus residues and xylitol residues are not effectively utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs and the preparation method are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a mixed matrix for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs comprises: hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs, wood pond alcohol residues, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran; also comprises gypsum, calcium carbonate and quicklime.
Preferably, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10-20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37-40% of cottonseed hulls and 15-18% of wheat bran; the calcium carbonate-calcium sulfate gypsum plaster also comprises 1% of gypsum, 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5-3% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium carbonate and 3% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium carbonate and 3% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
A preparation method of a mixed matrix for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: removing plastic bags from the fresh hericium erinaceus mushroom residues, removing diseased mushroom bags, crushing into particles with the diameter of 0.1-0.3cm, insolating for 3-5 days in a sunny day, fully mixing xylitol residues and quick lime, uniformly stirring, adding water for pre-wetting cottonseed hulls 6 hours in advance, crushing gypsum and calcium carbonate into powder, and sieving, wherein the diameter of a sieve mesh is 0.5-1 mm;
the second step is that: preparing all raw materials of the mixed matrix according to the raw material ratio, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10-20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37-40% of cottonseed hulls, 15-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5-3% of quick lime; measuring pH to 6-7.5, bagging or bottling, wherein the material bag is polypropylene single-mouth fungus bag, preferably 33 × 17cm, and the material bottle is preferably 750ml plastic bottle;
the third step: sterilizing the bagged or bottled cultivation mixed matrix by adopting an autoclaving mode, wherein the pressure is set to be 0.13-0.15 Ma, the temperature is set to be 120-122 ℃, the time lasts for 2-3 hours, and the sterilization is finished;
the fourth step: transferring into inoculating chamber when the temperature in bottle or bag is reduced to 26 deg.C, inoculating liquid strain of cornu Cervi Pantotrichum mushroom (preferably 20 ml) for each bag or bottle;
the fifth step: transferring the inoculated mixed matrix into a sealed spawn running room, wherein the temperature of the spawn running room is set to be 23-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-75%, and CO is added2The concentration is 1500-2000 ppm;the mycelium is fully grown in a bag or a bottle within 20 to 23 days;
and a sixth step: transferring the bag or bottle with overground hyphae into a fruiting chamber, wherein the temperature of the fruiting chamber is set to be 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is kept to be 85-90%, and CO is added2The concentration is 1000-1500 ppm, the illumination is 100-300 LUX, the bag opening or the bottle cap is opened, and the mushroom buds begin to sprout after 23-25 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the cost of the cultivation material is reduced by 18 percent
2) Shortening production cycle by 5-10 days
3) Improve the quality and yield of the product
4) Reduce environmental pollution and form green cycle
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the state of the mixed substrate for cultivating velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus dregs;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, variations and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus dregs comprises: hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs, wood pond alcohol residues, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran; also comprises gypsum, calcium carbonate and quicklime.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing plastic bags from fresh Hericium erinaceus residues, removing diseased fungus bags, crushing into particles with the diameter of 0.1-0.3cm, and insolating for 3-5 days in a sunny day; fully mixing and evenly stirring xylitol residues and quick lime; the cottonseed hulls are pre-wetted by adding water 6 hours in advance; and (3) crushing the gypsum and the calcium carbonate into powder, and sieving the powder, wherein the diameter of a sieve pore is 0.5-1 mm.
The second step is that: preparing all raw materials of the mixed matrix according to the weight ratio of the raw materials, uniformly stirring, measuring the pH value to be 6-7.5, immediately bagging or bottling, wherein the material bag is a polypropylene single-mouth fungus bag, preferably a plastic bottle with the size of 33 multiplied by 17cm, and preferably 750 ml.
The third step: sterilizing the bagged or bottled cultivation mixed matrix by adopting an autoclaving mode, wherein the pressure is set to be 0.13-0.15 Ma, the temperature is set to be 120-122 ℃, the time lasts for 2-3 hours, and the sterilization is finished;
the fourth step: transferring the sterilized mixed culture medium into an inoculation chamber when the temperature in the bottle or the bag is reduced to 26 ℃, and inoculating liquid strain of the velvet antler mushroom into each bag or each bottle, wherein the preferable amount is 20 ml;
the fifth step: transferring the inoculated mixed matrix into a sealed spawn running room, wherein the temperature of the spawn running room is set to be 23-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-75%, and CO is added2The concentration is 1500-2000 ppm; the mycelium is fully grown in a bag or a bottle within 20 to 23 days;
and a sixth step: transferring the bag or bottle with overground hyphae into a fruiting chamber, wherein the temperature of the fruiting chamber is set to be 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is kept to be 85-90%, and CO is added2The concentration is 1000-1500 ppm, the illumination is 100-300 LUX, the bag opening or the bottle cap is opened, and the mushroom buds begin to sprout after 23-25 days.
Preferably, all make-up materials are required to be fresh, free of mold, and free of impurities.
When the raw material proportion is screened in a specific experiment, the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus residues in the second step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the content of the hericium erinaceus fungus residues is designed to be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%; the xylitol residue is designed to have the content of 10 percent, 20 percent and 30 percent; the cotton seed hull is designed to have seven contents of 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%; the wheat bran is designed to have two contents of 15% and 18%; for a total of 30 combinations, 16 packs (one basket) per combination, three replicates.
Observing the growth vigor of the hyphae, measuring the growth speed, and producing according to the yield of the first 4-tide velvet antler mushroom fresh mushrooms, wherein the experimental result is as follows:
note: 1. the hypha growth is shown by +, + + +. + indicates white and fine hyphae, + + indicates white and strong hyphae, and ++ indicates white, strong and dense hyphae.
2. The growth rate of hyphae means the growth rate of hyphae, and the growth rate can shorten the growth process.
3. The growth rate of hyphae and the yield of fresh mushrooms are subjected to Data Processing by DPS (Data Processing System, version 7.05), different combinations are detected by a new range difference determination method, and the lowercase letters a, b, c and d represent significance of difference (p < 0.05).
4. The average price of the cotton seed hulls is 1.3 yuan/kg, the fungus dregs are 0.2 yuan/kg, the xylitol dregs are 0.2 yuan/kg, the wheat bran is 2.0 yuan/kg, the others are 0.8 yuan/kg, and the dry material of each basket is 8 kg.
Analyzing thirty groups of experimental results, and integrating the growth vigor, the growth speed and the yield of hyphae of each combination;
the preferable proportion of the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues is as follows: 20-30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10-20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37-40% of cottonseed hulls, 15-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5-3% of quick lime.
Preferably, the mixture ratio of the hericium erinaceus and the antler mushroom mixed substrate for cultivating the antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus is 20 percent of hericium erinaceus residues, 20 percent of wood pond alcohol residues, 40 percent of cottonseed hulls, 15 percent of wheat bran, 1 percent of gypsum, 1 percent of calcium carbonate and 3 percent of quicklime;
preferably, the mixture ratio of the hericium erinaceus and the cornua cervi pantotrichum cultivation mixed matrix is 30% of hericium erinaceus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixture ratio of the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues is as follows: 20% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium carbonate and 3% of quicklime.
Preferably, the mixture ratio of the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues is as follows: 30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus dregs is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs, wood pond alcohol dregs, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran.
2. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues further comprises gypsum, calcium carbonate and quicklime.
3. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by using the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the mixed matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30% of hericium erinaceus mushroom residues, 10-20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37-40% of cottonseed hulls, 15-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1-1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5-3% of quick lime.
4. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium carbonate and 3% of quicklime.
5. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
6. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 20% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of calcium carbonate and 3% of quicklime.
7. The mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus fungus residues comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of hericium erinaceus fungus residues, 10% of wood pond alcohol residues, 37% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1.5% of calcium carbonate and 2.5% of quicklime.
8. The preparation method of the mixed matrix for cultivating the velvet antler mushroom by the hericium erinaceus mushroom dregs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: removing plastic bags from fresh Hericium erinaceus mushroom residues, removing diseased mushroom bags, crushing to particles with the diameter of 0.1-0.3cm, insolating for 3-5 days in a sunny day, fully mixing xylitol residues and quicklime, uniformly stirring, adding water to pre-wet cottonseed hulls 6 hours in advance, crushing gypsum and calcium carbonate into powder, and sieving, wherein the diameter of a sieve pore is 0.5-1 mm;
the second step is that: uniformly stirring all the raw materials of the mixed matrix according to the proportion, measuring the pH range of the mixed matrix to be 6-7.5, and immediately bagging or bottling;
the third step: sterilizing the bagged or bottled cultivation mixed matrix by adopting an autoclaving mode, wherein the pressure is set to be 0.13-0.15 Ma, the temperature is set to be 120-122 ℃, the time lasts for 2-3 hours, and the sterilization is finished;
the fourth step: transferring into an inoculation chamber when the temperature in the bottle or the bag is reduced to 26 ℃, and inoculating liquid strain of the velvet antler mushroom into each bag or each bottle;
the fifth step: transferring the inoculated mixed matrix into a sealed spawn running chamber for runningThe temperature of the bacteria room is set to be 23-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-75%, and CO is2The concentration is 1500-2000 ppm; the mycelium is fully grown in a bag or a bottle within 20 to 23 days;
and a sixth step: transferring the bag or bottle with overground hyphae into a fruiting chamber, wherein the temperature of the fruiting chamber is set to be 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is kept to be 85-90%, and CO is added2The concentration is 1000-1500 ppm, the illumination is 100-300 LUX, the bag opening or the bottle cap is opened, and the mushroom buds begin to sprout after 23-25 days.
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