CN101948355A - Preparation method of culture medium of edible fungi - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a culture medium of edible fungi, which comprises the following steps: airing crop straw and pulverizing the crop straw by a pulverizer, wherein the length of the pulverized straws is 1cm; proportioning fresh potato pulp with the water content of 80% to the pulverized crop straw in dry weight into 3-5:7-5; adding gypsum or calcium carbonate of 2%, a bactericide such as carbendazim powder of 0.1% or thiophanate methyl of 0.1%, and the like; stirring evenly in a stirrer; adding lime water for adjusting the pH of the mixed materials into 6-8; filling the mixed materials treated in the two steps by a mechanical or manual bagging method into polypropylene plastic bags of which the specification is 17cm*35cm*0.045cm and the height of the bag is about 17-23cm; and sterilizing at normal temperature and pressure for 8-12 hours or autoclaving for 2-3 hours. The invention is used for culturing and producing the edible fungi, comprehensively utilizes the potato pulp and the crop straw, solves the problem of handling the potato pulp, and provides the culture medium for producing high-quality edible fungi.

Description

The culture medium of edible fungus preparation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fungus growing technique, is the method for raw material production culture medium of edible fungus with potato residues and stalk especially.

Background technology

The present invention is a kind of at the technology of producing high-quality edible mushroom culture medium in the field of agricultural production technologies.Edible mushrooms (edible fungi) is meant the macro fungi that can be eaten by the mankind.The known edible mushrooms of China has kind more than 350, wherein Basidiomycotinas (Basidiomycotina) that belong to more, and common has: mushroom, straw mushroom, mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, hedgehog hydnum, dictyophora phalloidea, Trichotoma matsutake, dried mushroom, russule and bolete etc.; Minority belongs to Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina), wherein has: morel, saddle fungus, ferfas etc.The kind and the quantity of growing in mountain area, forest land are more, as mushroom, pick up the ears, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, hedgehog hydnum, russule and bolete etc.On field, roadside, grassland and haystack, growth has straw mushroom, dried mushroom etc.What the south growth was more is high temperature fecundity fungi; What the growth of high mountain area, northern cold zone was more then is low temperature fecundity fungi.

Edible mushrooms is containing the growth of abundant organic place with its white or light mycelium.Form sporophore when condition is suitable, become the good merchantable brand of human happiness food.Edible mushrooms is not only delicious, and it is nutritious, often be called heath food by people, the amino acid that not only contains various needed by human as mushroom, also have the cholesterol that reduces in the blood, treat hypertensive effect, also find to contain in mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, the hedgehog hydnum material that strengthens the human body anti-cancer ability in recent years.The domestic fungus resource of China is abundant, also is one of country of culturing edible fungus the earliest.

The development of China's multi-form agriculture is three look agriculturals, i.e. green agriculture, blue agriculture and white agriculture.White agriculture is exactly a microbial agriculture, and instant (medicine) uses the bacterium industry.It can not only solve people's needed protein of living, and can also be used for pharmaceutically, solves the major disease problem relevant with people's life.The edible mushrooms output of China ranks first in the world at present, and mushroom industry has become an important industry in China's plant husbandry.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is Solanaceae (Solanaceae) plant, originates from South America, and stem tuber can be edible, is important food, vegetables dual-purpose crop.Say that with regard to the whole world potato occupies the 5th in food crop produce, ultimate production and cultivated area only are less than wheat, paddy rice, corn and barley.Potato has very high nutritive value and pharmaceutical use.Ingredient in the general fresh potato: starch 9～20%, protein 1.5～2.3%, fat 0.1～1.1%, robust fibre 0.6～0.8%.Contained nutritive ingredient in the 100g potato: heat 66～113J, calcium 11～60mg, phosphorus 15～68mg, iron 0.4～4.8mg, VitB1 0.03～0.07mg, riboflavin 0.03～0.11mg, nicotinic acid 0.4～1.1mg.In addition, potato tuber also contains carotene and xitix.

Potato residues be with the potato be raw material ferment or potato co-production processing after tankage; Mainly contain water, cell debris, remaining starch granules and potato chrotoplast or cell binding substances.Its chemical ingredients comprises starch, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, total free aminoacids, few skin, many skins and ash content.Some data is also thought and is contained Arabic semi-lactosi.Its composition is slightly different in different data with content, but can affirm that remaining starch content wherein is still very high, and Mierocrystalline cellulose, pectin content are also higher.

At present, the utilization again to potato residues mainly is by the manufacture order cell protein feed, extracts food fibre, extracts pectin etc.Just at present potato residues is utilized situation, be that manufacture order cell protein feed or extraction natural product all are difficult to widespread use in production reality, its bottleneck mainly is that production cost height, technical sophistication, dehydration difficulty and consumption are few, cause a large amount of potato residues idle, cause the wasting of resources and environment is caused serious pollution.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of culture medium of edible fungus preparation method.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

(1) raw materials pretreatment: agricultural crop straw is dried and with pulverizer it is pulverized, the length of pulverizing the back stalk is 1cm;

(2) proportion of raw materials is mixed: with fresh potato slag water content be 80% with the agricultural crop straw that crushes be 3-5: 7-5 according to dry weight basis quality proportioning, add 2% gypsum or lime carbonate and sterilant such as 0.1% derosal powder or 0.1% thiophanate methyl, in stirrer, stir, and the pH value of adding liming adjusting mixing back material is 6-8;

(3) packing of substratum preparation: with the mixture after above-mentioned two step process, pour in the polypropylene plastics pocket that specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.045cm with machinery or manually pack mode, bag is high to be 17-23cm;

(4) sterilising treatment of substratum:

With normal temperature and pressure sterilization 8-12 hour or autoclaving 2-3 hour, obtaining with potato residues and agricultural crop straw was the culture medium of edible fungus product of raw material.

Advantage of the present invention is:

(1) that potato residues is prepared production method is simple, practical in the present invention, the tupe of " first pollution treatment; the back utilizes ", growth and desired nutritional characteristic according to edible mushrooms, potato residues and two kinds of agricultural byproducts tankage of agricultural crop straw science are re-dubbed substratum, be used for cultivation and the production of edible mushrooms, with potato residues and agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization, not only solve the handling problem of potato residues but also provide the substratum of producing high-quality edible mushroom, and when increasing society and economic benefit, reduced environmental pollution;

(2) the present invention is a raw material with agricultural byproducts tankage potato residues and agricultural crop straw, behind process optimization, mix with certain proportion, produce high-quality edible mushroom culture medium, substitute traditional culture medium of edible fungus raw materials for production (mainly being wood chip etc.), reducing on cultivation and the basis of raw materials cost more than 50%, shorten incubation time 10%-20%, and compare the effect that on output, maintains an equal level or reach volume increase, on quality, keep good with traditional substratum;

(3) be example with the flat mushroom, as substratum, incubation time is 40-45 days with traditional wood chip and wheat bran etc., and every kg produces flat mushroom 1-1.5kg, and every kg produced flat mushroom 1-1.5kg with substratum dry weight basis in the bacterium bag in 20-30 of the present invention days.

Embodiment

Below embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.

Embodiment 1,

(1) raw materials pretreatment: agricultural crop straw is dried and with pulverizer it is pulverized, the length of pulverizing the back stalk is about 1cm;

(2) proportion of raw materials is mixed: with fresh potato slag water content be 80% with the agricultural crop straw that crushes be 3-5: 7-5 according to dry weight basis quality proportioning, add 2% gypsum or lime carbonate and sterilant such as 0.1% derosal powder or 0.1% thiophanate methyl, in stirrer, stir, and the pH value of adding liming adjusting mixing back material is 6;

(3) packing of substratum preparation: with the mixture after above-mentioned two step process, pour in the polypropylene plastics pocket that specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.045cm with machinery or manually pack mode, bag is high to be 17cm;

(4) sterilising treatment of substratum:

With normal temperature and pressure sterilization 8 hours or autoclaving 2 hours, obtaining with potato residues and agricultural crop straw was the culture medium of edible fungus product of raw material.

The present invention is the cultivation that the culture medium of edible fungus of raw material is used for edible fungis such as flat mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Pleurotus geesteranus, Pleurotus eryngii, tea tree mushroom, crab mushroom, Pleurotus nebrodensis, black fungus, white fungus with potato residues and agricultural crop straw.

Embodiment 2,

(1) raw materials pretreatment: agricultural crop straw is dried and with pulverizer it is pulverized, the length of pulverizing the back stalk is about 1cm;

(2) proportion of raw materials is mixed: with fresh potato slag water content be 80% with the agricultural crop straw that crushes be 3-5: 7-5 according to dry weight basis quality proportioning, add 2% gypsum or lime carbonate and sterilant such as 0.1% derosal powder or 0.1% thiophanate methyl, in stirrer, stir, and the pH value of adding liming adjusting mixing back material is 8;

(3) packing of substratum preparation: with the mixture after above-mentioned two step process, pour in the polypropylene plastics pocket that specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.045cm with machinery or manually pack mode, bag is high to be 23cm;

(4) sterilising treatment of substratum:

With normal temperature and pressure sterilization 12 hours or autoclaving 3 hours, obtaining with potato residues and agricultural crop straw was the culture medium of edible fungus product of raw material.

The present invention is the cultivation that the culture medium of edible fungus of raw material is used for edible fungis such as flat mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Pleurotus geesteranus, Pleurotus eryngii, tea tree mushroom, crab mushroom, Pleurotus nebrodensis, black fungus, white fungus with potato residues and agricultural crop straw.

Claims (1)

1. culture medium of edible fungus preparation method is characterized in that:

(1) raw materials pretreatment: agricultural crop straw is dried and with pulverizer it is pulverized, the length of pulverizing the back stalk is 1cm;

(2) proportion of raw materials is mixed: with fresh potato slag water content be 80% with the agricultural crop straw that crushes be 3-5: 7-5 according to dry weight basis quality proportioning, add 2% gypsum or lime carbonate and sterilant such as 0.1% derosal powder or 0.1% thiophanate methyl, in stirrer, stir, and the pH value of adding liming adjusting mixing back material is 6-8;

(3) packing of substratum preparation: with the mixture after above-mentioned two step process, pour in the polypropylene plastics pocket that specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.045cm with machinery or manually pack mode, bag is high to be 17-23cm;

(4) sterilising treatment of substratum:

With normal temperature and pressure sterilization 8-12 hour or autoclaving 2-3 hour, obtaining with potato residues and agricultural crop straw was the culture medium of edible fungus product of raw material.