CN112219671B - Greenhouse Chinese orchid cultivation anti-burning freezing harm control method - Google Patents

Greenhouse Chinese orchid cultivation anti-burning freezing harm control method Download PDF

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CN112219671B
CN112219671B CN202010996961.8A CN202010996961A CN112219671B CN 112219671 B CN112219671 B CN 112219671B CN 202010996961 A CN202010996961 A CN 202010996961A CN 112219671 B CN112219671 B CN 112219671B
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CN112219671A (en
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姚锦爱
余德亿
黄鹏
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Institute of Plant Protection of FAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • A01G22/63—Orchids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing burning and freezing damage of cultivated national orchids in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: (1) sterilizing the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivation pot; (2) mixing the soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sealing with a plastic film, insolating for 7-10 days in the sun, and placing into a cultivation basin; (3) transplanting the cymbidium into a cultivation pot, placing the cymbidium on a planting frame in a greenhouse for cultivation, watering regularly, and spraying and applying a rooting agent and a plant growth regulator on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management; (4) preventing scorching during the cultivation period; (5) controlling the harm. The method is simple, standard, safe and efficient to operate, effectively controls the occurrence and harm of burn, frostbite and diseases and pests in the greenhouse cymbidium cultivation process, improves the product percent of pass, reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, realizes the reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides, and has important significance for environmental protection.

Description

Greenhouse Chinese orchid cultivation anti-freezing damage control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-burning and anti-freezing damage control in ornamental gardening planting, and particularly relates to an anti-burning and anti-freezing damage control method for cultivating national orchids in a greenhouse.
Background
Orchid is a general name of Orchidaceae plants (Orchidaceae), but in China, the traditional orchid refers to Cymbidium species with high ornamental value; wherein, the national orchid is one of the most cultural flowers in China, is parallel to the plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum, is called as the four monarch, has the characteristics of elegant, impoundment, softness, fragrance and elegant delicacy, and has the reputation of the fragrance of the king.
The history of cultivating flowers in Zhangzhou of Fujian is long, the flower is vegetatively called as the country of Chinese orchid, and the planting area of orchid in Nanjing county only reaches 120hm2More than 500 varieties, more than 8000 ten thousand plants, annual output value over hundred million yuan, annual export amount up to 2000 ten thousand plants are the production and the collection of six flowers in ChinaOne of the decentralised centers. Therefore, the welfare is strong in developing the national orchid industry.
At present, the cultivation mode of national orchid in the Zhangzhou region of Fujian is mainly greenhouse cultivation, but burn, frostbite and pest damage of the national orchid frequently occur and are difficult to control due to the intensive production mode of the national orchid and various climate factors in the Zhangzhou region, so that the quality of the national orchid product is seriously threatened. According to investigation, in addition to burns and frostbite caused by climatic factors in a cultivation base of Fujian Chinese cymbidium, the main diseases and insect hazards occurring in the Chinese cymbidium include anthracnose, brown spot, stem rot, thrips, red spiders, scale insects and the like, the burns, frostbite and insect hazards seriously hinder the development of the Chinese cymbidium planting industry in the Fujian region, the control technology of the hazards is very urgent for enterprises and farmers, the improvement of the Chinese cymbidium cultivation quality, the reduction of labor cost and the reduction of ecological risks are important subjects needing to be researched by technicians in the field, and therefore, the research of a greenhouse Chinese cymbidium cultivation anti-frost-damage control method is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for preventing burning and freezing damage in greenhouse cymbidium cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing burning and freezing damage in greenhouse Chinese orchid cultivation comprises the following steps:
a method for preventing burning and freezing damage of cultivated national orchids in greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sterilizing the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivation pot;
(2) mixing the soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sealing with a plastic film, insolating for 7-10 days in the sun, and placing into a cultivation basin;
(3) transplanting the cymbidium into a cultivation pot, and placing the cymbidium on a planting frame in a greenhouse for cultivation, wherein the planting density of the cymbidium is 100-2Regularly watering, and spraying 3000-1000 times of 3000 times of agent, the spraying amount is 20L/667m2；
(4) During the cultivation period, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, and the illumination time is 4-6 hours per day;
in summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, a shading net is used for shading and insulating the sun and keeping ventilation; in winter, covering the greenhouse with a heat-insulating film and sealing the greenhouse in cold winter with the temperature less than 15 ℃;
(5) regularly investigating the occurrence of pests and diseases of Chinese cymbidium in greenhouse, and when the plant disease rate is less than 3%, spreading 10 hundred million/g trichoderma harzianum powder 20-25g/100m2；
When the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent, spraying 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble liquid 300-;
when the insect rate is less than 5%, spreading 2% imidacloprid granules 10-15g/100m2；
When the insect rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, 0.5 percent of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution 1000-fold liquid or 63 percent of thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granule 1000-fold liquid is sprayed.
Further, the conventional fertilizer and water management method comprises the following specific steps:
watering: judging the dry and wet conditions of the leaves of the Chinese orchid plants according to the leaf surface conditions of the Chinese orchid plants, and when the leaves of the orchid plants are slightly lack of water, the matrix on the surface of the orchid pot is completely dried, the matrix on the surface is opened by about 5cm and is still dry, indicating that the water is insufficient and watering is needed;
fertilizing: the new potted Chinese orchid can not be fertilized, the fertilizer can be applied after the root of the new potted Chinese orchid grows to be more than 3cm, and the slow release fertilizer for orchid is applied, wherein 2g of fertilizer is used in each pot, and the interval is 30-45 days each time.
Further, in the step (1), the specific method for disinfection is as follows: formalin aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 1-2% is used for uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivation pot.
Further, the step (1) also comprises the steps of uniformly integrating the diseased plants outside the greenhouse and sterilizing.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the disease plant residues are treated in a centralized way, so that the disease can be effectively prevented from being spread again in a greenhouse.
Further, in the step (2), each 1000g of the soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200g of pine bark, 200g of hickory shell, 600g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; 2-4g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is mixed into every 1000g of the soil matrix, the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into water for dilution before use, then the carbendazim water solution is poured into the soil, and the weight ratio of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the water is 1: 50.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: pine bark and pecan shells are added into the soil matrix to ensure that the culture matrix is loose and breathable and improve drainage. The humus soil has high fertility and a good granular structure of the garden soil, and the humus soil and the granular structure contain rich nutrient elements, can effectively supplement nutrient components for plants, can promote the growth of the Chinese orchid, and can improve the resistance. Through the sunshine insolation after the carbendazim is added, nymphs and adults of pathogenic fungi and pests in soil and larvae of other animals can be killed after the nymphs and adults germinate or the weed seeds to be germinated, and slugs, snails and the like can be burst, so that earthworms, gru wax, pillbugs, hippopotamus and the like are killed.
Further, in the step (3), the specific method for watering regularly comprises: transplanting the Chinese orchid into a cultivating pot, watering for 1 time of rooting water, watering for 1 time every 7-10 days in summer and autumn, watering for 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, and watering thoroughly each time.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the Chinese orchid is watered regularly, and the survival rate of the Chinese orchid can be effectively improved.
Further, in the step (3), spraying 3000-fold liquid of 5% of soluble liquid of the Erding-naphthylacetic acid or 3000-fold liquid of 0.004% of brassinolide aqueous solution for 3-5 times, wherein the interval is 20-25 days.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the plant growth regulator can promote the growth of plant root system and increase survival rate.
Further, in the step (4), the aperture of the shading net is 50-70 meshes.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the shed room is covered with a shading net to play the roles of shading light, shielding rain, preserving moisture and cooling in summer; after covering in winter and spring, the coating also has certain heat preservation and humidification functions.
Further, in the step (5), the spraying frequency of 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble liquid 300-2The interval is 10-15 days each time.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the eugenol and osthole botanical organic bactericide can effectively prevent and treat the common diseases on Chinese orchid, such as: southern blight, viral disease, black spot, anthracnose, stem rot, and the like.
Further, in the step (5), the spraying frequency of 0.5 percent of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times liquid or 63 percent of thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granule 1000-2000 times liquid is 2-3 times, and the spraying amount is 15L/667m2The interval is 10-15 days each time.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the nimbin and thiazine dinotefuran belong to organic insecticides and can effectively prevent and treat the common insect pests on the Chinese orchid, such as: scale insect, thrips, red spider, aphid, etc.
It should be noted that: when the disease-resistant and insect-resistant medicaments are both liquid, 1 medicament is selected from the disease-resistant medicament and the insect-resistant medicament respectively and sprayed in turn.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, the soil matrix is mixed with 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder in the step (2), the mixture is sealed by covering a plastic film, the mixture is put into a cultivation basin after being exposed to the sun for 7 to 10 days, and the soil is evenly paved on a cement ground or other hard ground in summer and is exposed to the sun until the soil is completely dried. In summer, the temperature of the hard ground under direct illumination can reach more than 60 ℃, and can reach 75 ℃ at most, nymphs and adults of pathogenic bacteria and pests in soil and larvae of other animals can be killed after the larvae of weed seeds germinate or are about to germinate, and slugs, snails and the like can be burst, so that earthworms, gru wax, pillbugs, hippopotamus and the like are killed.
In summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, the sun is shaded and the heat is insulated by using the shading net, so that the ventilation is kept, and the Chinese orchid can be prevented from being burnt; in winter, in cold weather with the temperature less than 15 ℃, the greenhouse is covered with a heat-insulating film and sealed to keep warm, so that the plants are prevented from being frozen and dead;
after transplanting, 3000-fold 5000-time solution of 5% of soluble solution of the indacetic acid or 3000-fold 3000-time solution of 0.004% of brassinolide aqueous solution is sprayed for 3-5 times, and the interval of each time is 20-25 days, so that the growth of the root system of the plant can be promoted, and the survival rate is increased.
When the disease strain rate is less than 3%, spreading 10 hundred million/g Trichoderma harzianum powder 20-25g/100m2(ii) a When the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent, spraying 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble liquid 300-fold liquid or 1 percent of osthole aqueous emulsion 200-fold liquid 300-fold, wherein the spraying frequency is 2 to 3 times, and the spraying amount is 15L/667m each time2Every 10-15 days; can prevent and control diseases mainly including fusarium spot, bacterial soft rot, anthracnose, rot and root rot;
when the insect strain rate is less than 5%, spreading 2% imidacloprid granules 10-15g/100m2(ii) a When the insect rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, 0.5 percent of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution 1000-fold 2000-fold liquid or 63 percent of thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granule 1000-fold 2000-fold liquid is sprayed, the spraying frequency is 2 to 3 times, and the spraying amount is 15L/667m each time2The interval is 10-15 days each time, and the insect pests mainly including thrips, red spiders and scale insects can be prevented and controlled.
The anti-burning and anti-freezing damage control method for greenhouse cymbidium cultivation is simple, standard, safe and efficient to operate, effectively controls the occurrence and damage of burns, frostbites and diseases and insects in the greenhouse cymbidium cultivation process, improves the product percent of pass by 10-13%, reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 15-25%, realizes the reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides, has important significance for environmental protection, gradually realizes zero increase of the usage amount of the fertilizers and the pesticides, enables farmers to save labor, labor and time, improves the damage control consciousness and the level of the farmers in the process of planting cymbidium facilities, reduces the damage control cost by 15-20%, improves the commodity rate by 8-10%, and drives economic and social benefits to be very obvious.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a test is carried out in a Zhangzhou Nanjing national orchid planting base, about 2 mu of plantation area in a national orchid greenhouse is provided, about 75000 plants are planted in each mu, and the method for preventing burning and freezing damage of national orchid in the greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) disinfecting the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot, and uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot by using formalin with the volume concentration of 1%;
(2) mixing a soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, covering a plastic film for sealing, and filling the mixture into a cultivation basin after being exposed for 7 days in the sun, wherein each 1000g of the soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200g of pine bark, 200g of pecan shells, 500g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; 2g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is mixed into every 1000g of the soil matrix, the carbendazim is diluted in water according to the proportion of 1:50 before use, and then the aqueous solution of the carbendazim is poured into the soil.
(3) Transplanting the Chinese orchid to a cultivation pot, placing the Chinese orchid on a planting frame in a shed room for cultivation, watering regularly, spraying 1000 times of brassinolide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.004% on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, wherein the spraying frequency is 3 times, the spraying interval is 20 days each time, after transplanting the Chinese orchid to the cultivation pot, firstly watering for 1 time for fixing roots, then watering for 1 time every 7 days in summer and autumn and watering for 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, and watering thoroughly every time;
(4) during the cultivation period, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, the illumination time is controlled to be 4 hours per day, and the ventilation is kept;
in summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, a shading net with the aperture of 50 meshes is used for shading and insulating the sun and keeping the ventilation; in winter, covering the greenhouse with a heat-insulating film and sealing the greenhouse in cold winter with the temperature of less than 15 ℃;
(5) the occurrence of the disease and insect pests of the national orchid in the greenhouse is investigated regularly, and the monitoring result shows that the plant disease rate is 2.5% and the insect plant rate is 7.6% in the planting period;
the following measures are selected: spreading 10 hundred million/g Trichoderma harzianum powder 20g/100m2；
Spraying 2000 times of 0.5% azadirachtin emulsifiable solution for 2 times, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/667m2Every 15 days;
investigation is carried out again 30 days after treatment, and the monitoring result shows that the plant rate of diseases is 0.2 percent, the plant rate of insects is 0.7 percent and the pest control effect is respectively 92.00 percent and 90.78 percent after pest control treatment.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a test is carried out at a Zhangzhou south Jing national orchid planting base, about 2 mu of greenhouse planting area is provided, about 75000 plants are planted in each mu, and a method for preventing burning and freezing damage is cultivated for greenhouse national orchid, and comprises the following steps:
(1) disinfecting the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot, and uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot by using formalin with the volume concentration of 2%;
(2) mixing a soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, covering a plastic film for sealing, and filling the mixture into a cultivation basin after being exposed for 10 days in the sun, wherein each 1000g of the soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150g of pine bark, 150g of pecan shells, 600g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; adding 4g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder into every 1000g of the soil matrix, diluting the carbendazim in water according to the proportion of 1:50 before use, and then pouring the aqueous solution of the carbendazim into the soil.
(3) Transplanting the Chinese orchid to a cultivation pot, placing the Chinese orchid on a planting frame in a shed room for cultivation, watering regularly, spraying 5000 times of 5% solution of a soluble solution of indbutyl-naphthylacetic acid on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, wherein the spraying frequency is 5 times, the spraying interval is 25 days, after transplanting the Chinese orchid to the cultivation pot, firstly watering for 1 time for fixing roots, then watering for 1 time every 10 days in summer and autumn and 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, and watering for each time is thorough;
(4) during the cultivation period, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, the illumination time is controlled to be 6 hours per day, and the ventilation is kept;
in summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, a shading net with the aperture of 70 meshes is used for shading and insulating the sun and keeping the ventilation; in winter, covering the greenhouse with a heat-insulating film and sealing the greenhouse in cold winter with the temperature less than 15 ℃;
(5) the occurrence of the disease and insect pest of the national orchid in the greenhouse is investigated regularly, and the monitoring result shows that the plant disease rate is 5.8% and the insect plant rate is 9.4% in the planting period;
the following measures are selected: spraying 200 times of solution of 1% osthole aqueous emulsion and 1000 times of solution of 63% thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granule for 3 times in turn, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/667m2With 10 days intervals each time;
after treatment, the disease rate and the pest rate in the period are respectively 0.4 percent and 0.5 percent, and the pest control effect is respectively 93.10 percent and 94.68 percent.
Example 3
In the embodiment, a test is carried out in a Zhangzhou Nanjing national orchid planting base, about 2 mu of plantation area in a national orchid greenhouse is provided, about 75000 plants are planted in each mu, and the method for preventing burning and freezing damage of national orchid in the greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) disinfecting the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot, and uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot by using formalin with the volume concentration of 2%;
(2) mixing a soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, covering a plastic film for sealing, and filling the mixture into a cultivation basin after being exposed to the sun for 8 days, wherein each 1000g of the soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 175g of pine bark, 175g of pecan shell, 550g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; 3g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is mixed into every 1000g of the soil matrix, the carbendazim is diluted in water according to the proportion of 1:50 before use, and then the aqueous solution of the carbendazim is poured into the soil.
(3) Transplanting the Chinese orchid to a cultivation pot, placing the Chinese orchid on a planting frame in a shed room for cultivation, watering regularly, spraying 2000 times of brassinolide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.004% on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, wherein the spraying frequency is 4 times, each time is 22 days, after transplanting the Chinese orchid to the cultivation pot, firstly watering 1 time of root fixing water, then watering 1 time every 8 days in summer and autumn and 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, and watering thoroughly each time;
(4) during the cultivation period, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 26 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, the illumination time is controlled to be 5 hours per day, and the ventilation is kept;
in summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, a shading net with the aperture of 60 meshes is used for shading and insulating the sun and keeping the ventilation; in winter, covering the greenhouse with a heat-insulating film and sealing the greenhouse in cold winter with the temperature less than 15 ℃;
(5) the occurrence of the disease and insect pests of the national orchid in the greenhouse is investigated regularly, and the monitoring result shows that the plant disease rate is 4.8% and the insect plant rate is 6.1% in the planting period;
the following measures are selected: spraying 200 times of solution of 1% osthole water emulsion and 1000 times of solution of 63% thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granule for 3 times in turn, wherein the spraying amount is 15L/667m each time at an interval of 10 days2；
After treatment, the disease rate and the pest rate in the period are respectively 0.4 percent and 0.6 percent, and the pest control effect is respectively 91.67 percent and 90.16 percent.
The specific method for conventional fertilizer and water management comprises the following steps:
watering: judging the dry and wet conditions of the leaves of the Chinese orchid plants according to the leaf surface conditions of the Chinese orchid plants, and indicating that the water is insufficient and watering is needed when the leaves of the orchid plants are slightly lack of water, the matrix on the surface of the orchid pot is completely dried, the matrix on the surface is opened by about 5cm and is still dry.
Fertilizing: the new potted orchid can not be fertilized, and the fertilizer can be applied after the root of the new potted orchid grows to be more than 3 cm. And applying 2g of special slow release fertilizer for orchid at intervals of 30-45 days per pot.
Note: examples 1-3 methods for calculating the diseased plant rate were: for every 100m in the shed2The method adopts a five-point sampling method, samples are taken, 50 Chinese orchids are investigated at each point, the pest rate is counted as the number of pest plants/total observed plant number, the pest rate is counted as the number of diseased plants/total observed plant number, and the pest control effect is counted as (the pest plant rate before treatment-the pest plant rate after treatment)/the pest plant rate before treatment multiplied by 100.
Comparative example 1
In the embodiment, a control test is carried out in a plantation base of zhangzhou south Jing national orchid, the plantation area of the greenhouse of the national orchid is about 2 mu, about 75000 plants are planted in each mu, and the following measures are taken in the plantation and growth process of the national orchid facility:
(1) disinfecting the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot, and uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivating pot by using formalin with the volume concentration of 2%;
(2) mixing a soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, covering a plastic film for sealing, and filling the mixture into a cultivation basin after being exposed to the sun for 8 days, wherein each 1000g of the soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150g of pine bark, 150g of pecan shells, 600g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; adding 3g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder into every 1000g of the soil matrix, diluting the carbendazim in water according to the proportion of 1:50 before use, and then pouring the aqueous solution of the carbendazim into the soil.
(3) Transplanting the Chinese orchid to a cultivation pot, placing the Chinese orchid on a planting frame in a shed room for cultivation, watering regularly, spraying 4000 times of 5% solution of an indbutyl-naphthylacetic acid soluble agent on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, wherein the spraying frequency is 4 times, the interval is 22 days each time, after transplanting the Chinese orchid to the cultivation pot, firstly watering for 1 time for fixing roots, then watering for 1 time every 8 days in summer and autumn and 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, and watering thoroughly each time;
(4) the occurrence of the disease and insect pest of the national orchid in the greenhouse is investigated regularly, the monitoring result shows that the plant disease rate is 3.7 percent and the insect plant rate is 8.9 percent in the planting period, and the following measures are selected for treatment: spraying 500 times of solution of 0.3% eugenol soluble solution and 1500 times of solution of 0.5% azadirachtin emulsifiable solution for 3 times in turn, each time with 12 days interval; investigation is carried out again 30 days after treatment, and the monitoring result shows that the plant rate of diseases is 0.5 percent and the plant rate of insects is 1.1 percent after pest control treatment, and the pest control effect is 86.48 percent and 87.64 percent respectively.
In comparison with examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1 was conducted without anti-freeze treatment, and the results of comparison were shown in tables 1 and 2, comparing the results with the yield, shipment rate, pesticide equipment input, and harm control effects of examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 qualification rate and delivery rate of different experimental groups
Number of plants Number of qualified plants Percent of pass Number of stock shipped Rate of shipment
Comparative example 1 150000 124000 82.67％ 125000 80.00％
Example 1 150000 137000 91.33％ 130000 86.67％
Example 2 150000 140000 93.33％ 132000 88.00％
Example 3 150000 138000 92.00％ 130500 87.00％
Table 2 comparison of different experimental data
Figure BDA0002692923410000101
Figure BDA0002692923410000111
Screening assays
(I) screening of carbendazim mixture ratio
Screening tests are carried out on the soil disinfection process at the front end of the cymbidium planting and the adding amount ratio of the carbendazim in the disinfection process, 4 treatment groups are arranged in total, the ratio of the carbendazim to the soil is respectively 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000, and the blank control is carried out by taking the disinfection without the carbendazim. During the experiment, the carbendazim is firstly diluted in water according to the proportion of 1:50, and then the aqueous solution of the carbendazim is poured into the soil and stirred uniformly. 20 plants are set in each group, the plants are cultivated for 30 days, and disease indexes of the leaves of the Chinese orchid on 7 th, 15 th, 21 th and 30 th days are observed and taken as judgment standards.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
Disease index of 100 × Σ (number of diseased leaves at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of examined leaves × highest representative value at the highest stage)
Establishing a diseased leaf grading standard: the total number of the grades is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Wherein, the 0 level: the plant grows vigorously; level 1: the plant grows slightly worse without disease spots; and 2, stage: the leaf and stem have scabs; and 3, level: spreading disease spots of leaves and stems, and leaf wilting; 4, level: the roots of the Chinese orchid are rotten and torn, and the leaves are brown; and 5, stage: the leaves fall off and the plant falls down and dies.
TABLE 3 comparison of the indexes of the disease states of the Chinese cymbidium at different ratios
Figure BDA0002692923410000112
Figure BDA0002692923410000121
The test result shows that: with the increase of the ratio of the carbendazim, the disease index of the Chinese orchid generally shows a descending trend, and when the ratio is 1:100, the disease index is the lowest, but under the conditions of the ratio of 1:250 and 1:500, the disease index in the 21-day cultivation period is also approximately 0. The ratio of carbendazim is selected to be between 1:250 and 1:500 by combining the price of the medicament and the principle of reducing the application of the medicament, namely 2 to 4g of carbendazim is mixed into every 1000g of soil.
(II) optimum temperature screening
The optimum temperature screening of the Chinese orchid planting is carried out, the change of pest and disease control effect is carried out on the Chinese orchid planting process under the condition that the facility temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the pest control specific measures in the planting process are the same as those in the embodiment 1; the test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Pest and disease occurrence and pest control effects at different temperatures
Figure BDA0002692923410000122
The test result shows that: the pest control effect of the Chinese orchid is different at different temperatures along with the rising of the temperature and the integral rising of the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, the pest control effect index of the Chinese orchid tends to rise firstly and then fall at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, the pest control effect of the Chinese orchid is obviously higher than that of the Chinese orchid at the temperature of 25-28 ℃, and the pest control effect of the Chinese orchid is the best at the temperature of 28 ℃.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preventing burning and freezing damage of cultivated national orchids in greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sterilizing the greenhouse Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivation pot;
(2) mixing the soil matrix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder, sealing with a plastic film, insolating for 7-10 days in the sun, and placing into a cultivation basin;
(3) transplanting the cymbidium into a cultivation pot, and placing the cymbidium on a planting frame in a greenhouse for cultivation, wherein the planting density of the cymbidium is 100-2Regularly watering, and spraying 3000-fold 5000-fold liquid of 5 percent of soluble liquid of the Inbutanal naphthalene acetic acid or 3000-fold liquid of 0.004 percent of brassinolide aqueous solution when watering on the basis of conventional fertilizer and water management, wherein the spraying amount is 20L/667m2；
(4) During the cultivation period, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 70-80%, and the illumination time is 4-6 hours per day;
in summer, in a high-temperature and strong-light weather with the temperature of more than or equal to 30 ℃, a shading net is used for shading and insulating the sun and keeping ventilation; in winter, covering the greenhouse with a heat-insulating film and sealing the greenhouse in cold winter with the temperature less than 15 ℃;
(5) regularly investigating the occurrence of pests and diseases of Chinese cymbidium in greenhouse, and when the plant disease rate is less than 3%, spreading 10 hundred million/g trichoderma harzianum powder 20-25g/100m2；
When the disease rate is more than or equal to 3 percent, spraying 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble liquid 300-;
when the insect strain rate is less than 5%, spreading 2% imidacloprid granules 10-15g/100m2；
When the insect strain rate is more than or equal to 5 percent, spraying 0.5 percent of 1000-fold liquid of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution and 2000-fold liquid of 63 percent of thiazine-dinotefuran water dispersible granules and 1000-fold liquid of 2000-fold liquid;
in the step (2), each 1000g of soil matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200g of pine bark, 200g of hickory shell, 600g of humus soil and 100g of garden soil; 2-4g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is mixed into every 1000g of the soil matrix, the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is added into water for dilution before use, then the carbendazim water solution is poured into the soil, and the weight ratio of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the water is 1: 50.
2. The method for preventing burning and freezing damage of greenhouse cymbidium culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific method for disinfection is as follows: formalin aqueous solution with the volume concentration of 1-2% is used for uniformly spraying and washing the Chinese orchid planting frame and the cultivation pot.
3. A method for preventing scorching and freezing damage during greenhouse cymbidium cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the specific method for watering regularly is as follows: transplanting the Chinese orchid into a cultivating pot, watering for 1 time of root fixing water, watering for 1 time every 7-10 days in summer and autumn, and watering for 1 time every 15 days in winter and spring, wherein the root fixing water is thoroughly watered every time of watering.
4. The method for preventing ignition and freezing damage in greenhouse cymbidium cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), spraying 5% solution 3000-5000 times of the solution of the soluble solution of Ertinum-naphthylacetic acid or 0.004% solution of brassinolide 1000-3000 times of the solution is performed 3-5 times, each time at intervals of 20-25 days.
5. The method for preventing blooming and controlling damage during cultivation of cymbidium ensifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the aperture of the shading net is 50-70 meshes.
6. A greenhouse cymbidium cultivation anti-scorching and freezing damage control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 28 ℃.
7. The method for preventing burning and freezing damage of greenhouse cymbidium ensifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (A) is5) In the method, the spraying times of 0.3 percent of eugenol soluble liquid 300-fold liquid 500-fold or 1 percent of osthole aqueous emulsion 200-fold liquid 300-fold are 2-3 times, and the spraying amount is 15L/667m per time2The interval is 10-15 days each time.
8. The method for preventing scorching and freezing damage in the cultivation of cymbidium ensifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the spraying frequency of 0.5% azadirachtin emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times or 63% thiazine dinotefuran water dispersible granule 1000-2000 times is 2-3 times, and the spraying amount is 15L/667m each time2The interval is 10-15 days each time.
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