CN112210005A - 低免疫原性低adcc/cdc功能的抗c5人源化单抗及其应用 - Google Patents
低免疫原性低adcc/cdc功能的抗c5人源化单抗及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5人源化单抗及其应用。通过对Eculizumab单抗框架区氨基酸序列进行改造,降低免疫原性,同时将抗体由IgG2亚型更换为IgG1亚型,并在IgG1抗体重链CDR3与CH2区之间插入一段柔性氨基酸序列,达到降低ADCC/CDC功能的目的,提高抗体的稳定性,延长其半衰期。本发明的单抗与人C5结合的亲和力和原始Eculizumab抗体相近,可特异性地阻断C5补体溶血活性和C5a产生,可用于制备针对以C5为靶标的阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿及非典型溶血尿毒综合症的治疗药物,具有优异的临床治疗价值。
Description
本申请要求申请日为2019年7月11日,申请号为201910623477.8,发明名称为“低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5人源化单抗及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗用工程抗体的制备及应用,主要是涉及针对人C5靶点的低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的单抗及其应用。
背景技术
Eculizumab能特异性地键合到人末端补体蛋白C5,通过抑制人补体C5向C5a和C5b的裂解以阻断炎症因子C5a的释放及C5b-9的形成。C5是在炎症反应中起重要作用的一种补体组分,在先天免疫防御中起重要作用,但是过分激活补体会导致严重的组织伤害。C5a是补体激活的重要产物之一,参与败血症、脓血症、急性肺损伤、过敏症及哮喘等许多炎症及自身免疫类疾病的发生与发展。使用C5a单抗阻断信号通路,可有效减轻炎症反应,为治疗炎症及自身免疫类疾病提供了新的思路。前体蛋白C5在C5转化酶的作用下裂解为C5a和C5b两个片段,补体系统活化产物C5a是一种过敏毒素,是炎症反应的重要介质和趋化因子;C5b则参与形成膜攻击复合物。C5a单抗具有三大适用范围:一是抑制机体急性反应,急性炎症,如急性肺损伤,;二是慢性的自身免疫性疾病,如治疗HS(化脓性汗腺炎)。“药物”阿达木,2017年销售了182亿美元,其有效性是10%,而C5a单抗的有效性超过80%;三是与PD-1联合使用,能够治疗肿瘤。
Eculizumab单抗在宿主体内免疫原性较强,高达23%以上的患者使用该单抗会发生免疫反应,所述免疫反应可能引起免疫复合物介导的抗体或片段从循环中清除,并使反复投药不适用于治疗,从而降低对患者的治疗效益且限制抗体的再投予。基于此,若能够在不影响抗体亲和力和特异性的前提下,通过将抗体中高免疫原性的非抗原结合位点替换成低免疫原性的同源序列来降低抗体药的免疫原性,则一方面可使单抗的安全性得到提高;另一方面可增加药物半衰期,在减少其用剂量同时也能起到提高疗效的作用。同时,受限于其免疫原性的问题,Eculizumab单抗采用的是静脉注射的给药方式,药物通过静脉注射方式给药往往半衰期较短。因此,通过对免疫原性的改造可将给药方式转变为更加简易便捷的皮下注射,实现在患者在家中自助给药,并有效提升药物在体内的半衰期。目前未见低免疫原性C5抗体的报道。
抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(antibody-dependent cell-mediatedcytotoxicity,ADCC)是指表达IgG Fc受体的NK细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞等,通过与已结合在靶细胞表面的IgG抗体的Fc段结合,而杀伤这些靶细胞的作用。IgG抗体可介导这些细胞发挥ADCC作用,其中NK细胞是能发挥ADCC作用的主要细胞。在抗体介导的ADCC作用的发生过程中,抗体只能与靶细胞上的相应抗原表位特异性结合,而NK细胞等效应细胞可杀伤任何已与抗体结合的靶细胞,故抗体与靶细胞上的抗原结合是特异性的,NK细胞等对靶细胞的杀伤作用是非特异性的。
CDC指补体系统被激活后,在靶细胞表面形成MAC,导致靶细胞溶解,这种效应称为补体依赖的细胞毒作用。补体能导致多种细菌和其他病原生物细胞的溶解,是机体抵抗病原生物感染的重要防御机制。尤其是对防止革兰阴性菌的感染有重要作用。在某些病例情况下,补体系统可引起机体组织或细胞损伤,参与超敏反应和自身免疫病的致病过程。
为了避免抗体结合靶蛋白后诱导不利的ADCC和CDC功能,目前普遍采取的方法为对抗体重链进行了298位氨基酸N突变成A的去糖基化突变或将抗体重链改为IgG4或IgG2亚型。原研型Eculizumab的氨基酸重链结构即采用了IgG2亚型。但是IgG2亚型抗体相比于IgG1亚型抗体结构较不稳定,易形成可溶性多聚体,半衰期显著缩短,且生产工艺较不成熟。这给临床患者的使用带来了风险和不便,同时药物半衰期也相对较短,使用的过程中也需要增大药物剂量来弥补该方面的缺陷。基于此,若能够在不影响抗体亲和力和特异性的前提下,通过对抗体恒定区域进行改造,在降低抗体免疫原性和ADCC/CDC功能的同时,将抗体IgG2亚型改为IgG1亚型,则一方面可使单抗的稳定性、安全性得到提高;另一方面可增加药物半衰期,在减少其用剂量同时也能起到提高疗效的作用。目前未见通过改动氨基酸序列来同时降低C5抗体免疫原性和ADCC/CDC功能的报道。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一类低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5人源化的单抗。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一类制备低免疫原性、低ADCC/CDC治疗性抗体包括人源化抗C5的单克隆抗体的方法。
本发明利用商业化的DNAStarTM软件对Alexion公司的Eculizumab单抗的原始氨基酸序列进行评价,结果显示,Eculizumab免疫原性系数为18。利用上述软件对抗体的可变区中的非抗原结合片段(FR)进行免疫原性评价,找到免疫原性强的相关序列。随后,查找人抗体基因库中所有涉及轻重链的FR区段,通过序列比对后选择出序列同源性高且免疫原性相对较低的区段。将所选框架区同Eculizumab中对应的区段进行替换,随后对替换后的序列进行3D建模,并同原研进行结构比对,选择保持同原研Eculizaumab构象相近的组合,利用Pymol软件对Eculizumab的结构进行分析,在抗体可变区与恒定区之间寻找相对柔性的区域,并在相应区域插入柔性氨基酸序列,对相应序列进行基因合成,测序,选择测序正确的序列用于后续的功能确证。
对合成的基因进行测序同时选择测序正确的序列进行下一步操作,将轻链可变区设计酶切位点为Hind III+EcoR I,重链可变区设计酶切位点为Hind III+EcoR I,分别与表达载体pEE12.4(重链)及pEE6.4(轻链)载体连接,同时转化大肠杆菌DH5α,得到重链、轻链嵌合抗体表达载体。同时对构建的抗体进行测序和序列对比;对上述表达的载体进行质粒大提工作,选取Qiagen的无内毒素质粒大提试剂盒;对选取的质粒进行优化组合,同时利用CHO细胞进行瞬时转染表达,对表达的抗体进行亲和力和EC50检测根据检测结果来选定组合进行稳定株构建;根据上述检测结果,本发明选取相应的组合利用电转染方式构建稳定株,同时利用MTX进行抗体表达程度的筛选,对于加压后的稳定株进行单克隆筛选,最终挑选出抗体产量较高的稳定株。
本发明在改造抗体框架区结构,降低抗体免疫原性的同时,也期望降低抗体的ADCC/CDC功能。通过在抗体重链的恒定区插入一段柔性序列,切断抗体可变区结合抗原后产生的机械应力传递,使抗体药重链恒定区与Fc受体和/或结补体合位点不能充分暴露出来,弱化抗体药与NK细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞等表达IgG Fc受体的杀伤细胞结合或和补体结合,无法或降低诱导ADCC和CDC的信号。
本发明还通过在ALEXION公司的Eculizumab抗体药的基础上将抗体亚型由IgG2变更为IgG1,同时在IgG1抗体重链CDR3与CH2区之间插入一段柔性氨基酸序列来阻断抗体结合抗原后抗体可变区及恒定区间的应力传递,从而达到在降低ADCC/CDC功能的同时不显著增加多聚体形成。
本发明的低免疫原性低ADCC功能抗C5人源化单克隆抗体,是在原始Eculizumab序列中非抗原结合区进行氨基酸改造,降低其免疫原性,所述原始Eculizumab序列的轻链全长和重链可变区的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、2所示。
本发明的低免疫原性低ADCC功能抗C5人源化单克隆抗体,其重链可变区含有SEQID NO.3或4所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.3或4所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列,其轻链含有SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能蛋白的氨基酸序列。
进一步地,本发明的低免疫原性低ADCC功能抗C5人源化单克隆抗体其重链含有SEQ ID NO.5或6所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.5或6所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列,其轻链含有SEQ IDNO.1所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能蛋白的氨基酸序列。
具备上述轻链和重链序列的组合中,本发明筛选得到多个单抗序列,它们既保持了原有与人C5结合的亲和力,可特异性地阻断C5补体溶血活性和C5a产生,又降低了ADCC和CDC功能活性,且由于均为IgG1亚型单抗,本发明单抗生产工艺成熟,难度低,抗体的抗聚合性、表达量和稳定性均得以提高。
具体地,本发明提供的IgG1亚型低ADCC/CDC功能性C5单抗,其轻链全长氨基酸如L0(SEQ ID NO.1)所示,重链全长氨基酸序列具有H1(SEQ ID NO.5),H3(SEQ ID NO.6)这2条碱基序列所示的任一个序列。
本发明的提供编码上述单克隆抗体轻链和重链的基因。
所述基因其重链可变区含有SEQ ID NO.9或10所述的核苷酸序列,其轻链含有SEQID NO.7所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明提供了含有上述IgG1亚型低ADCC/CDC功能性C5单抗轻链和重链基因的表达载体。含有所述表达载体的宿主菌、宿主细胞或表达盒也在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明提供了上述单克隆抗体编码基因或含有该基因的生物材料在治疗以C5为靶标的疾病中的应用。
本发明提供上述IgG1亚型低ADCC/CDC功能性C5单抗在制备治疗疾病药物中的应用。
所述的疾病为肿瘤,免疫功能退下等。
所述的药物为抗肿瘤,治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、非典型溶血尿毒综合征、肾小球肾炎、免疫复合物介导性肾病疾病的药物。
本发明提供了含有上述IgG1亚型低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5单抗的药物或检测试剂。
本发明提供了上述IgG1亚型低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5单抗在治疗以C5为靶标的疾病中的应用。
本发明提供的人源化抗C5抗体和Eculizumab单抗针对的是C5相同位点,但其免疫原性较低且同原研抗体的三维结构构象相近,同Eculizumab相比,该改良型抗体药免疫原性更低、副作用更小(如免疫复合物介导的抗体或片段从循环中清除)、半衰期更长、稳定性更高,有望成为非常理想的生物靶向治疗抗体。本发明通过对Eculizumab单抗恒定区和可变区序列进行改造,将显著降低该抗体药在病人体内产生免疫原性的风险。本发明实施例显示本发明的改进型Eculizumab抗体与C5结合的亲和力和原始Eculizumab相近,并显著降低了抗体药的免疫原性,延长抗体药的半衰期,提高疗效。
附图说明
图1本发明改造后的单抗的重链及轻链双酶切验证结果。其中,a为艾库株单克隆抗体的重链H0质粒Hind III和EcoRⅠ双酶切结果,泳道从左到右分别为:酶切前质粒、酶切后质粒及DNA marker;b为本发明提供的单克隆抗体的重链H1质粒Hind III和EcoRⅠ双酶切结果,泳道从左到右分别为:酶切前质粒、酶切后质粒及DNA marker;c为本发明提供的单克隆抗体的重链H3质粒Hind III和EcoRⅠ双酶切结果,泳道从左到右分别为:酶切前质粒、酶切后质粒及DNA marker;d为艾库株单克隆抗体的轻链L0质粒Hind III和EcoRⅠ双酶切结果,泳道从左到右分别为:酶切前质粒、酶切后质粒及DNA marker。
图2本发明改造后的单抗亲和力EC50结果。
图3本发明改造后的单抗和原始Eculizumab抗体ADCC活性实验。
图4本发明改造后的单抗和原始Eculizumab抗体小鼠ADA滴度对比。
具体实施方式
缩写和定义
“抗体”,是指表现所需生物学活性(例如抑制配体与其受体的结合或通过抑制配体诱导的受体信号传递)的抗体的任何形式。因此,所述抗体以最广泛的意义使用,并明确包括但不限于单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体和多特异性抗体。
“Fab片段”由一条轻链和一条重链的CH1及可变区构成。Fab分子的重链不能与另一个重链分子形成二硫键。
“Fc”区域为含有抗体的CH1和CH2结构域的两个重链片段。两个重链片段由两个或多个二硫键并通过CH3结构域的疏水作用保持在一起。
“Fab’片段”含有一条轻链和包含VH结构域和CH1结构域以及CH1和CH2结构域之间区域的一条重链的部分,由此可在两个Fab’片段的两条重链之间形成链间二硫键以形成F(ab’)2分子。
本申请所用术语“单克隆抗体”是指从基本上同种抗体群中获得的抗体,即除了可能少量存在的可能的天然突变体外,构成所述群的各个抗体是一致的。单克隆抗体具有高度特异性,可针对单个的抗原位点。此外,与通常包括针对多个不同的决定簇(表位)的多种不同抗体的常规(多克隆)抗体制备物相反,每种单克隆抗体仅针对抗原上的单个决定簇。修饰语“单克隆”表示从基本上同种抗体群获得的抗体的特性,不能理解为需要通过任何特定方法来制备所述抗体。
本文所用术语“免疫细胞”包括具有造血的起源并在免疫应答中起作用的细胞。免疫细胞包括:淋巴细胞,例如淋巴B细胞和淋巴T细胞;天然杀伤细胞;髓样细胞,例如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、嗜曙红细胞、肥大细胞、嗜碱细胞和粒细胞。
本文使用以下核酸双关码:R=A或G;Y=C或T;M=A或C;K=(G或T);S=G或C;和W=A或T。
本文所用术语“约”是指数值在由本领域一般技术人员所测定的具体值的可接受误差范围内,所述数值部分取决于怎样测量或测定(即测量体系的限度)。例如,在本领域每一次实行中“约”可意味着在1内或超过1的标准差。或者,“约”或“基本上包含”可意味着至多20%的范围。此外,对于生物学系统或过程而言,该术语可意味着至多一个数量级或数值的至多5倍。除非另外说明,否则当具体值在本申请和权利要求中出现时,“约”或“基本上包含”的含义假定为在该具体值的可接受误差范围内。
当提及配体/受体、抗体/抗原或其他结合对时,“特异性”结合是指在蛋白和/或其他生物试剂的异质群体中确定是否存在所述蛋白例如PD-1的结合反应。因此,在所指定的条件下,特定的配体/抗原与特定的受体/抗体结合,并且并不以显著量与样品中存在的其他蛋白结合。
当用“给予”和“治疗”提及动物、人、实验对象、细胞、组织、器官或生物液时,是指将外源性药物、治疗剂、诊断剂或组合物与动物、人、受治疗者、细胞、组织、器官或生物液接触。“给予”和“治疗”可指例如治疗方法、药动学方法、诊断方法、研究方法和实验方法。治疗细胞包括让试剂与细胞接触以及让试剂与流液接触,其中所述流液与细胞接触。“给予”和“治疗”还意味着例如通过试剂、诊断剂、结合组合物或通过其他细胞对细胞进行体外和离体治疗。
本文所用“抑制”或“治疗(treat或treatment)”包括延缓与疾病有关的症状的发展和/或减轻所述疾病将要或预期发展的这些症状的严重程度。所述术语还包括减缓已有症状、防止另外的症状和减缓或防止这些症状的潜在原因。因此,所述术语表示业已将有益结果赋予患有疾病的脊椎动物对象。
本发明抗体的治疗应用如下:
I.免疫复合物介导性肾病
免疫复合物的形成是抗原与特异性抗体相互作用的典型结果。这种复合物在有限区域积聚时发生的炎症反应是正常宿主防御的重要元素,会导致免疫复合物清除和吞噬细胞的抗原破坏。相反,免疫复合物相关疾病是由过量复合物形成或延迟清除而发生的,通常发生在特殊抗原攻击或免疫失调的情况下。在这种情况下,免疫复合物在特定组织部位形成并沉积,引起炎症反应并导致局部或全身组织损伤。在严重疾病发展状态下,肾脏,特别是肾小球结构,是极易产生免疫复合物沉积的部位。
人体研究及使用人类疾病动物模型的研究已经将补体系统牵连到与许多免疫复杂相关疾病相关的病理之中。介导与这些病症相关的病理的补体的激活可以是自身免疫机制的结果,或者可以是非免疫原性的根源。
抗体与存在于组织或循环系统中的抗原结合后发生的超敏反应,该反应是由补体的激活和介导炎症的分子的释放引起的。该过程由抗体与固定组织、细胞结合抗原(II型超敏反应)、或循环抗原的结合介导,进一步导致循环免疫复合物的形成及其在组织中的致病性沉积(III型超敏反应)。
抗体与固定组织抗原结合后,通过激活补体介导II型超敏反应。随后,补体系统的促炎和裂解组分的激活将刺激的白细胞募集到免疫复合物形成的位点,进一步引起炎症反应。同时,C3a和C5a的过敏毒性活性引起血管通透性增加,进一步增强免疫复合物沉积和白细胞募集。
抗体结合的细胞或组织通过其Fc受体与效应细胞(例如嗜中性粒细胞,血小板,N细胞和单核细胞)的交联同样可以导致促炎性作用。这种交联活化效应细胞可以刺激氧自由基、前列腺素和白三烯的释放,这三种成分的释放将进一步活化补体成分的作用。
II型超敏反应介导的病症包括移植器官的超急性排斥、自身免疫性溶血和血小板减少、Goodpasture综合征(及其他相关的肾小球肾炎和肺出血)、重症肌无力、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病相关病理性后遗症和寻常型天疱疮。
涉及循环抗原的III型超敏反应也可导致许多病理状况的发展。这些包括肾小球肾炎(下面详细讨论),血管炎(可能危及生命的大血管和/或小血管炎症),类风湿性关节炎,皮炎和其他疾病。与III型超敏反应相关的其他疾病包括自身免疫性疾病,例如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、多种类型的传染病、肿瘤和多种其他病症
II.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿
阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria,PNH)是一种由于1个或几个造血干细胞经获得性体细胞PIG-A基因(phosphotidyl inositol glycancomplementation group A)突变造成的非恶性的克隆性疾病,PIG-A突变造成糖基磷脂酰肌醇(glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol,GPI)合成异常,导致由GPI锚接在细胞膜上的一组膜蛋白丢失,包括CD16、CD55、CD59等,临床上主要表现为慢性血管内溶血,造血功能衰竭和反复血栓形成。
典型的PNH以慢性血管内溶血,血红蛋白尿,及含铁血黄素尿为主要表现,但大多数患者常不典型,发病隐袭,病程迁延,病情轻重不一。发病高峰年龄在20~40岁之间,个别发生儿童或老年,男性显著多于女性。国内总结203例PNH患者,首发症状为贫血占56.7%,血红蛋白尿仅占12.8%,黄疸兼贫血占5.9%。
常规治疗主要是控制溶血发作,如右旋糖酐、碳酸氢钠、肾上腺皮质激素等免疫抑制剂,以及雄激素刺激血细胞生成。近来,PNH治疗主要包括:Eulizumab、联合化疗、异基因造血干细胞移植、和抗凝治疗。
III.非典型溶血尿毒综合征
非典型溶血尿毒综合征(atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome,aHUS)是一种补体失调性疾病,补体调控蛋白H因子、以及膜辅助蛋白和血清补体固有成分(B因子、补体C3)的基因突变都可参与其发病,病情易反复,预后很差,25%的患者在急性期死亡,50%以上发展为终末期肾病。
长期活化的补体会损伤体内缺乏补体抑制因子的细胞,继而在整个循环系统内引起炎症反应。血管管腔内侧的内皮细胞出现损伤、肿胀,中性粒细胞与其他发炎细胞会因此聚集至受损部位(血管内皮细胞),引起小血管炎症。缺乏补体抑制因子的血小板同样会被补体直接激活,导致整个脉管系统中广泛出现多发性血栓。血栓与炎症反应阻断了身体各血管中的血流,减少了器官和细胞的血液供应,因而形成缺氧状态,导致器官损害及功能衰竭,包括脑、肾脏、心脏和胃肠道等。总结非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征的最主要特点有三:微血管溶血性贫血、血小板减少及肾功能衰竭。
Ⅳ.肾小球肾炎
肾小球是组成肾脏的关键结构和功能元素。单个肾小球被称为肾单位,是肾脏的主要功能性单元。每个肾脏约有一百万个肾单位。每个肾小球由被包裹在Bowman囊的结构中的多达50个平行毛细血管组成的网络构成。Bowman囊内未被肾小球毛细血管吸收区域网占据的空间被称为Bowman的空间。肾小球作为过滤器,将水和特定的溶质从血液中的蛋白质和细胞中分离到Bowman的空间,以待进一步的处理。
肾小球肾炎(GN)是由免疫复合物积累而导致的疾病。肾小球中免疫复合物的积累导致炎症反应的发生和细胞增生,进而导致毛细管腔缩小并引起肾小球的部分或全部阻塞。该过程的一个结果是抑制肾小球的正常过滤功能。阻塞可能发生在大量肾小球中,可直接损害肾功能并且容易导致蛋白质在肾小球毛细血管壁中的沉积。这种沉积反过来会导致肾小球基底膜的损伤。另一方面,那些未被阻塞的肾小球的通透性将增加,导致大量的蛋白质进入尿液,这种情况被称为蛋白尿。
在许多严重的GN病例中,在Bowman空间内形成了称为新月体的病理结构,此结构进一步阻碍了肾小球滤过。这些结构只能通过组织样本来观察,因此并不能在所有患者中观察到。新月体是细胞过多的表现,并且被认为是由于顶叶上皮细胞(形成Bowman囊的内层的细胞)的广泛异常增殖而产生的。临床研究表明,肾小球与新月体的百分比与疾病的临床严重程度之间存在一定的相关性。新月体的大量存在是预后不良的标志。
GN的症状包括:蛋白尿、肾小球滤过率降低(GFR)、血清电解质变化,包括氮质血症(尿毒症,血尿素氮-BUN过多)和盐潴留。GN可导致水潴留引发的高血压和水肿、血尿和异常性尿沉淀(包括红细胞管型、低蛋白血症、高脂血症和脂肪尿)。
通过参考以下实施例将更充分地理解本发明。然而,这些实施例不应该理解为限制本发明范围。本文提及的所有文献和专利引用都明确地通过引用并入本文。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1低ADCC/CDC功能的降低免疫原性的Eculizumab单抗的分析及设计
利用商业化的DNAStarTM软件对ALEXION公司的Eculizumab的原始序列进行评价,结果显示,Eculizumab抗体药免疫原性系数为18。在抗体可变区与恒定区之间寻找相对柔性的区域,并在相应区域插入柔性氨基酸序列,切断抗体可变区结合抗原后产生的机械应力传递,使抗体药重链恒定区与Fc受体和/或结补体合位点不能充分暴露出来,弱化抗体药与NK细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞等表达IgG Fc受体的杀伤细胞结合或和补体结合,无法或降低诱导ADCC和CDC的信号。
具体是在ALEXION公司的Eculizumab抗体药的恒定区进行改造,将抗体亚型由IgG2变更为IgG1,同时在抗体重链CDR3与CH2区之间插入一段柔性氨基酸序列来阻断抗体结合抗原后抗体可变区及恒定区间的应力传递,从而达到在降低ADCC/CDC功能的同时不显著增加多聚体形成。原始Eculizumab序列的轻链全长和重链可变区的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、2所示。
本发明提供的低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能抗C5人源化单克隆抗体,其重链的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.5、6所示,其轻链全长的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1,分别命名为H1L0、H3L0。
根据已知的抗体重链糖基化信息,本发明对相应修改后的序列进行全基因合成,对合成的基因进行测序同时选择测序正确的序列进行下一步操作,将轻链可变区设计酶切位点为Hind III+EcoR I,重链可变区设计酶切位点为Hind III+EcoR I,分别与表达载体pEE12.4(重链)及pEE6.4(轻链)载体连接,同时转化大肠杆菌DH5α,得到重链、轻链嵌合抗体表达载体。同时对构建的抗体进行测序和序列对比;对上述表达的载体进行质粒大提工作,选取Qiagen的无内毒素质粒大提试剂盒;对选取的质粒进行优化组合,同时利用CHO细胞进行瞬时转染表达,对表达的抗体进行亲和力和EC50检测(见图2)根据检测结果来选定哪些组合进行稳定转染;根据检测结果,本发明选取相应的组合利用电转染方式构建稳定株,同时利用MTX进行抗体表达程度的筛选,对于加压后的稳定株进行单克隆筛选,最终挑选出抗体产量较高的稳定株,用于后续实验所用。选择H1L0、H3L0与C5的亲和力ELISA结果显示H1L0、H3L0与C5的亲和力同原研药Eculizumab抗体相当,见图2。
H1L0、H3L0与原研药Eculizumab抗体ADCC活性实验显示,本发明的两个单抗H1L0、H3L0与原研药Eculizumab抗体均无ADCC活性,见图3。
H1L0、H3L0与原研药Eculizumab抗体ADA滴度对比实验,分别选取了免疫后7天,14天及21天小鼠进行尾血采集和检测,结果见图4。结果显示本发明生产的单克隆抗体在小鼠体内的免疫反应比Eculizumab显著降低,尤以H1L0为最低。
可见,本发明筛选得到2个单抗序列,它们既保持了原有与人C5结合的亲和力,可特异性地阻断C3与C5的结合,同时免疫原性得到有效的降低,同时在改造过程中ADCC活性验证结果显示本发明筛选获得的2个单抗序列的ADCC活性与原始Eculizumab均无ADCC功能。
实施例2改进型Eculizumab单抗表达载体的构建
根据实施例1测序得到的改进型Eculizumab重链、轻链可变区碱基序列,设计轻链序列两侧的酶切位点为Hind III+EcoR I,设计重链序列两侧的酶切位点为Hind III+EcoRI,以上序列送交金唯智公司合成全基因序列,以pEE12.4(重链)及pEE6.4(轻链)为表达载体,合成基因完毕后,进行双酶切验证(见图1),并对相应的菌株进行质粒提取和序列测定工作,测序结果表明二者序列完全一致,这表明抗体表达载体构建成功。
实施例3改进型Eculizumab单抗的瞬时表达与纯化
用实施例2构建的pEE12.4重链、pEE6.4轻链表达载体转染大肠杆菌DH5a。接种于100mL LB培养基中,按照常规方法进行培养。收获培养物,用Qiagen公司的UltraPure质粒DNA纯合试剂盒抽提纯化质粒DNA。将上述纯化的质粒DNA采用Invitrogen公司的脂质体法试剂盒转染293F细胞,操作参照厂家的说明书进行。
首先对293F细胞进行不同轻、重链质粒组合的转染,组合见表1,共3组293F瞬时表达,需要从这3组中筛选出免疫原性降低的组合。培养3天后,取培养上清液,进行抗体表达量检测,结果如下表1所示:
表1瞬转抗体表达量
组合 | 表达量mg/L |
H0L0(原研) | 7.34 |
H1L0(改良) | 9.94 |
H3L0(改良) | 6.21 |
实施例4改进型Eculizumab单抗的生物活性测定
1、亲和力评价
本部分利用ELISA间接法测抗体EC50评价抗体亲和力。
实验方法如下:用PBS将C5(购自近岸科技有限公司)稀释抗原到0.3μg/ml;将稀释好的抗原按100μl/孔加到96孔板中,加盖,4℃过夜;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗三次,200μl/孔,拍干;用5%牛乳-PBS 200μl/孔封闭1h,每15min轻拍;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗一次,200μl/孔,拍干;分梯度加入纯化抗体(0-10μg/ml),抗体名称见表4,5%牛乳-PBS稀释,100μl/孔,孵育1h,每15min轻拍;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗三次,200μl/孔,拍干;加二抗,5%牛乳-PBS稀释,100μl/孔,孵育1h,每15min轻拍;预热TMB底物于室温,同时开启酶标仪预热;PBS洗5次,250μl/well,前三次5min,后两次10min,拍干;TMB底物AB各加50μl/孔,室温显色20min;使用扫描仪将图片扫描记录,加入终止液50μl/孔,使用酶标仪读取OD450。实验结果见图2。通过实验数据计算改进型Eculizumab单抗EC50,结果如表2所示。
表2改进型Eculizumab单抗亲和力评价结果
原研药H0L0 | 改良药H1L0 | 改良药H3L0 | |
EC50(ng/mL) | 2.478 | 3.824 | 11.46 |
EC50(M) | 1.652E-11 | 2.55E-11 | 7.64E-11 |
2、特异性评价
该过程验证所表达的抗体是否有针对C5具有特异性,利用不同的因子包板并采用间接法测定。具体实验过程如下:用PBS将C5,C3,C3b,rIFNγ(重组人干扰素γ),IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4和IL-8(分别购自近岸科技有限公司),稀释抗原到1μg/ml;将稀释好的抗原100μl/孔加到96孔板中,并加盖,4℃过夜;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗三次,200μl/孔,手动拍干;用5%牛乳200μl/孔封闭,封闭1h,每15min轻拍酶标板边以促进反应;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗一次,200μl/孔,手动拍干;加不同轻链重链组合的抗体,5%牛乳稀释,100μl/孔,孵育1h,每15min轻拍酶标板边以促进反应;甩去孔内液体,用PBS洗三次,200μl/孔,手动拍干;加入羊抗人二抗,5%牛乳稀释,100μl/孔;孵育1h,每15min轻拍酶标板边以促进反应;预热TMB底物于室温,同时开启酶标仪预热;PBS洗5次,250μl/孔,前三次5min,后两次10min,手动拍干;TMB底物AB各加50μl/孔,室温显色20min;使用扫描仪将图片扫描记录,加入终止液50μl/孔,使用酶标仪读取OD450,存档。实验结果如表3所示:
表3改进型艾库株单抗的特异性分析
注:“+”表示识别相应包被因子,“-”表示不识别相应包被因子。
以上结果表明:改进型Eculizumab针对C5具有特异性
实施例5改进型Eculizumab单抗ADCC功能评价
为了评估本发明中抗体的ADCC功能,本发明通过检测FcR-TANK细胞对靶蛋白(C5)过表达细胞的杀伤能力来评价抗体ADCC活性。
使用靶蛋白过表达细胞用CFSE染色后,将细胞密度调整至6×105/mL,将改良型抗体(H1L0,H3L0)与Eculizumab以一定比例梯度(最高浓度为4μg/mL,用培养基三倍稀释12个梯度)进行稀释,同时对FcR-TANK细胞进行计数并将细胞密度调整至6×105/mL;将抗体、靶细胞和效应细胞共孵育:取上述不同稀释梯度的抗体各50μL,靶细胞50μL,FcR-TANK细胞100μL加入到96孔板中,每个梯度进行复孔操作,同时设置空白对照(培养基150μL+靶细胞50μL剂培养基50μL+靶细胞50μL+FcR-TANK细胞100μL)。于37℃,5%CO2条件下孵育4h。孵育结束后,将细胞培养板于室温放置10min,加入PI染色液(终浓度为5μg/mL)并混合均匀。流式细胞术分析不同浓度下细胞PI染色阳性率,进而计算抗体介导的ADCC强度,计算公式为ADCC%=(Sample%PI Positive Cell-No Antibody%PI Positive Cell)/(100-NoAntibody%PI Positive Cell)×100,并绘制ADCC%与浓度的关系曲线,如图3所示。
本发明改造后的C5单抗与原研药Eculizumab抗体ADCC活性实验显示,本发明的两个单抗H1L0、H3L0均证明完全去除了ADCC效应,如图3所示。
实施例6改进型Eculizumab单抗免疫原性评价
小鼠免疫实验
1)基础免疫:将抗原与福氏完全佐剂等体积混合并充分乳化,分点皮下注射,每只Balb/c小鼠每次注射量为100μg。
2)加强免疫:加强免疫采用抗原与福氏不完全佐剂的乳化液。
上述实验完成后进行ELISA检测试验,结果见图4。
上述结果表明,本发明的2个改进型Eculizumab单抗同原始Eculizumab单抗相比,免疫原性得到了有效的降低。
序列表
<110> 京天成生物技术(北京)有限公司
<120> 低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5人源化单抗及其应用
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Claims (10)
1.一种低免疫原性低ADCC/CDC功能的抗C5人源化单抗,其特征在于,对原始Eculizumab单抗氨基酸序列的重链可变区进行改造,通过将抗体由IgG2亚型更换为IgG1亚型,并在IgG1抗体重链CDR3与CH2区之间插入一段柔性氨基酸序列,所述原始Eculizumab单抗轻链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,重链可变区的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗C5人源化单抗,其特征在于,所述柔性氨基酸序列包括GGGS,GGGSGGGS,GGSGGS。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗C5人源化单抗,其特征在于,其重链可变区含有SEQ ID NO.3或4所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.3或4所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列,其轻链含有SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能蛋白的氨基酸序列。
4.如权利要求1~3任一所述的抗C5人源化单抗,其特征在于,其重链含有SEQ ID NO.5或6所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.5或6所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能的蛋白的氨基酸序列,其轻链含有SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经一个或多个氨基酸的替换、缺失或插入得到的具有相同功能蛋白的氨基酸序列。
5.编码权利要求1~3任一所述抗C5人源化单抗的基因。
6.如权利要求5所述的基因,其特征在于,其重链可变区含有SEQ ID NO.9或10所述的核苷酸序列,其轻链含有SEQ ID NO.7所示的核苷酸序列。
7.含有权利要求5或6所述基因的生物材料,所述生物材料为表达盒、表达载体、工程菌或细胞。
8.权利要求1~4任一所述抗C5人源化单抗、权利要求5或6所述的基因或权利要求7所述的生物材料在制备治疗以C5为靶标的疾病药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1~4任一所述抗C5人源化单抗、权利要求5或6所述的基因或权利要求7所述的生物材料在制备药物中的应用,所述的药物为治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、非典型溶血尿毒综合征、肾小球肾炎、免疫复合物介导性肾病的药物。
10.含有权利要求1~4任一所述抗C5人源化单抗的药物或检测试剂。
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