CN112167122A - Crab culture pond and crab culture method - Google Patents
Crab culture pond and crab culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167122A CN112167122A CN202011280016.4A CN202011280016A CN112167122A CN 112167122 A CN112167122 A CN 112167122A CN 202011280016 A CN202011280016 A CN 202011280016A CN 112167122 A CN112167122 A CN 112167122A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crab culture pond which comprises a pond main body, escape-preventing fences, water temperature heating devices, deep water areas, shallow water areas and transition areas, wherein the escape-preventing fences are arranged outside the pond main body, the inner wall of the pond main body is arranged in a stepped landslide mode, the middle part of the bottom wall of the pond main body is convexly arranged to form the shallow water areas, the transition areas are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the shallow water areas, the deep water areas are symmetrically arranged between the transition areas and the side wall of the pond main body, the water temperature heating devices are symmetrically arranged, the water temperature heating devices are arranged on the inner side wall of the pond main body, and the pond main body is provided with a water filling port and a water discharging. The invention belongs to the technical field of crab culture, and particularly relates to a crab culture pond and a crab culture method which can adjust the water temperature to match the temperature range of crab culture growth, effectively prevent cultured crabs from escaping, enhance the vitality of the crabs, increase the yield, eliminate the temperature limitation of regions and solve the problem of crab culture survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crab culture, and particularly relates to a crab culture pond and a crab culture method.
Background
The crabs are also called as river crabs and are fresh water crustaceans, grow in fresh water, are delicious in meat taste and rich in nutrition, are generally accepted as delicious food by more and more people at present, and are mainly caught at present, so that the artificial cultivation work is less, the grown crabs can not meet the edible requirements of people, but in recent years, the market needs are supplemented by small-area cultivation, the market needs can not be relieved, the artificial cultivation technology of the crabs has a plurality of defects, the experience of people for artificial cultivation of the crabs is still imperfect, the requirement on the quality of the cultivated water is not enough, the doping of toxic and harmful substances is easy to cause, and the survival rate of the crabs is reduced.
The Zhaotong city is called a treasure basin and a resource golden triangle. In the interior, the three water systems of Jinsha river, Wujiang river and Yangtze river have a vertical and horizontal whole environment. The altitude is divided into high plateau climate, temperate climate and subtropical climate from high to low. The Zhaotong annual average temperature is between 11 ℃ and 21 ℃, the coldest air temperature is between 1 month, the monthly average temperature is between 1 ℃ and 12 ℃, the highest air temperature is between 7 months, and the monthly average temperature is between 20 ℃ and 27 ℃. The proper growth temperature of the river crabs is 10 ℃ to 30 ℃, the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ or exceeds 30 ℃, the river crabs stop growing, the temperature requirement of the river crabs can be met in most of the time of Zhaotong, the river crabs can be removed from the casing to grow all the year round in the Zhaotong cultivation, and the disease is almost not generated. Therefore, designing a crab culture pond and providing a crab culture method based on the crab culture pond, referring to the natural regional environment for culturing crabs in Zhaotong city, improving the crab culture efficiency is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the crab culture process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the crab culture pond and the crab culture method to overcome the defects of the prior art, the water temperature is adjusted to be matched with the temperature range of the crab culture growth, the escape of cultured crabs is effectively prevented, the vitality of the crabs is enhanced, the yield is increased, the temperature limit of regions is eliminated, and the problem of the survival rate of the crab culture is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a crab culture pond, includes the pond main part, prevents escaping rail, temperature heating device, deep water district, shallow water district and transition region, it locates the pond main part outside to prevent escaping the rail, pond main part inner wall is cascaded landslide setting, pond main part diapire middle part is the epirelief and sets up the shallow water district of formation, the transition region is the symmetry setting and locates shallow water district both sides, the deep water district is the symmetry setting and locates between transition region and the pond main part lateral wall, temperature heating device is the symmetry setting, temperature heating device locates on the pond main part inside wall, the pond main part is equipped with water filling port and outlet.
Furthermore, an aerator is arranged in the pond main body, and the aerator is opened every three hours to aerate for three hours, so that the survival rate of the crabs is improved.
The crab culture method based on the crab culture pond comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a building position of a crab culture pond, and building according to the crab culture pond: the crab culture pond is selectively built in a place with sufficient light selection, a near water source, sufficient water quantity and fresh water quality, and the area of the place is 5-10 mu, the depth of the crab culture pond is 0.8-1.5m, sandy loam and sandy gravel soil with the thickness not more than 6cm are paved at the bottom of the crab culture pond, the pond water is drained, and the bottom of the crab culture pond is solarized for 11-15 days to disinfect the crab culture pond;
(2) culturing aquatic weeds and fry baits: planting aquatic weeds and releasing fishes and shrimps in the crab culture pond built according to the step (1);
(3) selecting and throwing crab seedlings: controlling the temperature of clear water to be 10-30 ℃, selecting healthy crab seedlings, putting the crab seedlings into the clear water, soaking the crab seedlings in the clear water for 25 seconds, taking out the water surface, standing for 4 minutes, repeatedly carrying out the processes for 6 times, and then putting the crab seedlings, wherein the place without aquatic weeds is selected on the side of the water pool of the crab culture pond in the morning of a sunny day, and the crab seedlings are slowly shaken and put so as to be uniformly dispersed into the water, and the crab seedlings are put according to the proportion of 800-1000 female and male/female parts per mu and; before putting the crab seedlings, starting the water temperature heating device, adjusting the water temperature of the pond of the crab culture pond to 10-30 ℃, and then putting the crab seedlings;
(4) water quality cultivation and daily management: applying 180 kg of fermented manure per mu of water surface to cultivate water quality, irregularly injecting and draining water in the crab culture pond through the water injection port and the water drainage port to avoid mutual pollution, frequently changing water, changing water 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 20-45% of the pond water, and when the crab culture pond is in bad weather, the water changing time can be prolonged but not more than 7 days to avoid water quality deterioration, and the water temperature is kept at 10-30 ℃ and the pH value is 7-9.
Furthermore, the waterweeds comprise elodea aegypti, duckweed, water hyacinth, water lettuce, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water peanut and goldfish algae, the elodea aegypti is low temperature resistant, grows well in the temperature range of 15-27 ℃, can resist the low temperature of 4 ℃, has high elodea aegypti protein content, can enable the fighting injured crabs to heal quickly, and enables the crab meat to be fat and beautiful.
Further, oil films or floating foams cannot be generated on the water surface of the crab culture pond, and the artificially increased amount of suspended matters cannot exceed 10 mg/L.
After adopting the structure, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the crab culture pond and the crab culture method, the water temperature suitable for the growth of the crabs can be adjusted, and the crabs can select areas with different water temperatures by matching the deep water area, the shallow water area and the transition area, so that the survival rate of the breeding of the crabs is improved, the growth of the crabs is accelerated, the crabs can be conveniently and effectively hulled, the economic benefit is improved, and the quality of the crabs is improved; by planting the aquatic weeds in the crab culture pond, harmful ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide and organic plants in the pond can be conveniently absorbed, oxygen can be released, water quality can be stabilized, the growth of the crabs can be facilitated, and the yield of the crabs can be improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a crab culture pond according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pond main body of the crab culture pond.
In the drawings: 1. the pond comprises a pond body, 2 an escape-proof fence, 3 a water temperature heating device, 4 a deep water area, 5 a shallow water area, 6 a transition area, 7 a water injection port, 8 a water outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a crab culture pond, it includes pond main part 1, prevents escaping rail 2, temperature heating device 3, deep water district 4, shallow water district 5 and transition region 6, prevent escaping rail 2 and locate pond main part 1 outside, 1 inner wall in pond main part is cascaded landslide setting, 1 diapire middle part in pond main part is the epirelief and sets up formation shallow water district 5, transition region 6 is the symmetry and sets up and locates shallow water district 5 both sides, deep water district 4 is the symmetry and sets up between transition region 6 and 1 lateral wall in pond main part, temperature heating device 3 is the symmetry and sets up, temperature heating device 3 locates on 1 inside wall in pond main part, pond main part 1 is equipped with water filling port 7 and outlet 8.
Wherein, an aerator is arranged in the pond body 1, and the aerator is opened every three hours to aerate for three hours, thereby improving the survival rate of the crabs.
The crab culture method based on the crab culture pond in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a building position of a crab culture pond, and building according to the crab culture pond: the crab culture pond is selectively built in a place with sufficient light selection, a near water source, sufficient water quantity and fresh water quality, and the area of the place is 5-10 mu, the depth of the crab culture pond is 0.8-1.5m, sandy loam and sandy gravel soil with the thickness not more than 6cm are paved at the bottom of the crab culture pond, the pond water is drained, and the bottom of the crab culture pond is solarized for 11-15 days to disinfect the crab culture pond;
(2) culturing aquatic weeds and fry baits: planting aquatic weeds and releasing fishes and shrimps in the crab culture pond built according to the step (1);
(3) selecting and throwing crab seedlings: controlling the temperature of clear water to be 10-30 ℃, selecting healthy crab seedlings, putting the crab seedlings into the clear water, soaking the crab seedlings in the clear water for 25 seconds, taking out the water surface, standing for 4 minutes, repeatedly carrying out the processes for 6 times, and then putting the crab seedlings, wherein the place without aquatic weeds is selected on the side of the water pool of the crab culture pond in the morning of a sunny day, and the crab seedlings are slowly shaken and put so as to be uniformly dispersed into the water, and the crab seedlings are put according to the proportion of 800-1000 female and male/female parts per mu and; before putting the crab seedlings, starting the water temperature heating device 3, adjusting the water temperature of the pond of the crab culture pond to 10-30 ℃, and then putting the crab seedlings;
(4) water quality cultivation and daily management: applying 180 kg of fermented manure to the water surface of each mu of water, spraying 200kg of fermented manure to cultivate the water quality, irregularly injecting and draining water in the crab culture pond through the water injection port 7 and the water drainage port 8 to avoid mutual pollution, frequently changing water, changing water 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 20-45% of the pond water, prolonging the water changing time when the water is in bad weather, but not exceeding 7 days to avoid water quality deterioration, keeping the water temperature at 10-30 ℃ and the pH value at 7-9.
Example 2
The waterweeds comprise one or more of elodea, duckweed, water hyacinth, water lettuce, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water peanut and goldfish algae, the elodea is low temperature resistant, grows well in the temperature range of 15-27 ℃, can resist the low temperature of 4 ℃, and is high in elodea protein content, so that the fighting injured crabs can heal quickly, and the crab meat is fat and beautiful.
Example 3
Oil films or floating foams cannot appear on the water surface of the crab culture pond, and the artificially increased amount of suspended matters cannot exceed 10 mg/L.
Specific working principle
The water temperature heating device 3 in the pond body 1 can adjust the water temperature in the pond body 1, and meanwhile, the temperature difference in the crab growth process is matched with the temperature difference of the deep water area 4, the shallow water area 5 and the transition area 6, so that the crab culture temperature is ensured, and the survival rate and the yield of the crab culture are improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A crab culture pond is characterized in that: including the pond main part, prevent escaping rail, temperature heating device, deep water district, shallow water district and transition region, it locates the pond main part outside to prevent escaping the rail, pond main part inner wall is cascaded landslide setting, protruding setting formation shallow water district is in pond main part diapire middle part, the transition region is the symmetry setting and locates the shallow water district both sides, the deep water district is the symmetry setting and locates between transition region and the pond main part lateral wall, temperature heating device is the symmetry setting, temperature heating device locates on the pond main part inside wall, the pond main part is equipped with water filling port and outlet.
2. The crab culture pond according to claim 1, wherein: an aerator is arranged in the pond main body.
3. The crab culture method of the crab culture pond according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a building position of a crab culture pond, and building according to the crab culture pond: the crab culture pond is selectively built in a place with sufficient light selection, a near water source, sufficient water quantity and fresh water quality, and the area of the place is 5-10 mu, the depth of the crab culture pond is 0.8-1.5m, sandy loam and sandy gravel soil with the thickness not more than 6cm are paved at the bottom of the crab culture pond, the pond water is drained, and the bottom of the crab culture pond is solarized for 11-15 days to disinfect the crab culture pond;
(2) culturing aquatic weeds and fry baits: planting aquatic weeds and releasing fishes and shrimps in the crab culture pond built according to the step (1);
(3) selecting and throwing crab seedlings: controlling the temperature of clear water at 10-30 ℃, selecting healthy crab seedlings, putting the crab seedlings into the clear water, soaking the crab seedlings in the clear water for 25 seconds, taking out the water surface, standing for 4 minutes, repeatedly carrying out the processes for 6 times, and then putting the crab seedlings, selecting a place without aquatic weeds at the edge of the water pool of the crab culture pond in the morning of a sunny day, slowly shaking and putting the crab seedlings so that the crab seedlings can be uniformly dispersed into the water, and putting the crab seedlings according to the proportion of 800 plus materials and 3:1 male and female materials per mu; before putting the crab seedlings, starting the water temperature heating device, adjusting the water temperature of the pond of the crab culture pond to 10-30 ℃, and then putting the crab seedlings;
(4) water quality cultivation and daily management: applying 180 kg of fermented manure per mu of water surface to cultivate water quality, irregularly injecting and draining water in the crab culture pond through the water injection port and the water drainage port to avoid mutual pollution, frequently changing water, changing water 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 20-45% of the pond water, and when the crab culture pond is in bad weather, the water changing time can be prolonged but not more than 7 days to avoid water quality deterioration, and the water temperature is kept at 10-30 ℃ and the pH value is 7-9.
4. The crab culture method of the crab culture pond according to claim 3, wherein: the aquatic weeds comprise waterweed, duckweed, water hyacinth, water lettuce, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, water peanut and hornworts.
5. The crab culture pond according to claim 3, wherein: oil films or floating foams cannot appear on the water surface of the crab culture pond, and the artificially increased amount of suspended matters cannot exceed 10 mg/L.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113615612A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-09 | 光明食品集团上海青年农场有限公司 | Large-size river crab soil pond culture method |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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