CN112142705B - 一种合成色甘酸钠关键中间体7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成色甘酸钠关键中间体7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种合成7‑羟基‑4‑甲基香豆素的方法,所述方法包括:用固体酸和浓硫酸协同催化间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯的Pechmann缩合反应,制得目标产物;本发明反应过程大大减少了浓硫酸的使用量,从而显著降低废酸的生成和处理成本;同时,使用少量的浓硫酸,可减缓设备腐蚀,减轻环保压力,避免环境污染;并且,该法具有反应条件温和、操作简单、原料转化率和产物选择性较高、能耗低等特点,适合工业化生产;固体酸催化剂经过简单的过滤就能够回收再次利用,有效降低了目标产品的制造成本,提高了经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成色甘酸钠关键中间体7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的新方法。
背景技术
7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素是合成抗过敏药色甘酸钠的关键中间体,7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素具有多种生理、药理和光学活性,广泛应用于食品、香料、医药、化妆品、农药以及染料等领域。色甘酸钠(Sodium cromoglicate)的市场前景极其乐观,其具有广泛的适应症,对于过敏性哮喘和慢性哮喘、慢性过敏性湿疹及某些皮肤瘙痒症、过敏性鼻炎、花粉症、结膜炎和春季角膜结膜炎具有良好的疗效。所以优化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法对于提高色甘酸钠的收率,缩短生产时间,降低反应能耗,减少废物排放和提高经济效益具有重要意义。
现有技术中7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的制备方法,主要有两条路线,路线一是以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,二氧六环或乙醇作为溶剂,在浓硫酸催化作用下发生Pechmann缩合反应得到7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。以专利CN107737126为例,该方法的主要过程如下:取一定量的二氧六环(或乙醇),向其中加入间苯二酚,在冰浴条件下,滴加浓硫酸,滴毕,再往溶液中加入乙酰乙酸乙酯,搅拌并加热到60℃,反应4h,反应结束后,将反应液倒入冷水中,析出固体,抽滤,滤饼置于甲醇中重结晶,收率为91.10%。该方法存在如下缺点:
(1)浓硫酸做催化剂选择性差,伴有氧化、磺化等副反应,从而造成部分杂质难以除去,产品纯度较低。
(2)反应中用到大大过量的浓硫酸,由于无法回收再利用,故废酸处理成本高,并且严重腐蚀设备,造成环境污染。
路线二(CN108003123)是以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,用氯化胆碱/对甲苯磺酸水合物类离子液体作为催化剂发生Pechmann缩合反应制得7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。该方法存在如下缺点:
(1)用氯化胆碱/对甲苯磺酸水合物类离子液体作为催化剂,虽然避免了使用硫酸,但是这种类离子液体催化剂制备较繁琐,离子液体的纯化较困难,并且制备这种催化剂的原料氯化胆碱和对甲苯磺酸价格较高,不利于工业化生产。
(2)氯化胆碱/对甲苯磺酸会残留在产品中,不易除去,从而造成产品纯度不高,难以得到高质量的目标产品。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种制备7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的新方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法,所述方法包括:
用固体酸和浓硫酸协同催化间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯的Pechmann缩合反应,制得7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素;
所述固体酸为活性磺酸型树脂、磷钨酸、硅钨酸、磷钼酸、TiO2/SO4 2-、ZrO2/SO4 2-或Fe2O3/SO4 2-,优选活性磺酸型树脂。
具体的,所述合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法为:
室温(20~30℃)下,将间苯二酚、乙酰乙酸乙酯和甲醇搅拌溶解,得到混合液,将所得混合液滴入固体酸和浓硫酸(98wt%)的混合物中,滴加温度控制在10℃以下(优选0~10℃),滴完后升温至回流(80℃)反应0.5~1h,之后反应液经后处理,得到产物7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素;
所述间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯、甲醇的物质的量之比为1:1.0~2.0:3.4~6.8,优选1:1.0~1.5:3.4~5.0;
所述间苯二酚与固体酸、浓硫酸的质量比为1:2.0~4.0:1.0~3.0,优选1:2.5~3.5:1.5~2.5;
所述后处理的方法为:反应结束后,反应液降至室温,抽滤,滤饼为固体酸回收备用,滤液滴入到冰水中,滴完后室温下搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加水打浆,调pH=6~7,再次抽滤,滤饼烘干,得到目标产物;
反应式如下:
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
反应过程大大减少了浓硫酸的使用量,从而显著降低废酸的生成和处理成本。同时,使用少量的浓硫酸,可减缓设备腐蚀,减轻环保压力,避免环境污染。并且,该法具有反应条件温和、操作简单、原料转化率和产物选择性较高、能耗低等特点,适合工业化生产。催化剂磺酸型树脂经过简单的过滤就能够回收再次利用,有效降低了目标产品的制造成本,提高了经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
以下实施例中用到的活性磺酸型树脂由磺酸型树脂经活化得到,活化方法为:
将磺酸型树脂浸泡于其2倍体积的饱和食盐水中18~20h,然后放尽食盐水,用清水漂洗磺酸型树脂,直到排出的水不带黄色,然后用磺酸型树脂2倍体积的2~4wt%NaOH水溶液浸泡2~4h,放尽碱液后,用清水冲洗磺酸型树脂,直到排出的水接近中性为止,最后用磺酸型树脂2倍体积的5wt%盐酸水溶液浸泡4~8h,放尽酸液后,用清水冲洗磺酸型树脂至排出的水至中性后,即得活性磺酸型树脂,待用。
所述磺酸型树脂可通过常规途径商购获得,所述磺酸型树脂为强酸性阳离子交换树脂,生产厂家为天津津达树脂厂,型号为001×7阳离子交换树脂,规格:pH范围:0-5;允许温度:小于100℃;膨胀率:小于10%;含水量:51%-56%;均一系数:小于1.60;外观:金黄色至棕褐色球状颗粒。
实施例1
将30.00g(0.27mol)间苯二酚、44.40g(0.34mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯和36.70g(1.15mol)甲醇在室温下搅拌溶解,溶解后滴入冰水浴下的活化后的90.00g磺酸型树脂和60.00g的浓硫酸的混合物中,滴加温度控制在10℃以下,1.5h滴完,撤去冰水浴,升温到80℃回流反应1h,降温到30℃抽滤,滤饼为磺酸型树脂,回收待用,滤液滴入冰水浴下的500.00g冰水中淬灭反应,滴加温度控制在15℃以下,析出大量固体,滴完后,置于室温下搅拌0.5h,抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,滤饼加200.00g水打浆,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH=6-7,再次抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,得到淡黄色固体105.00g,90℃烘24h后得白色固体46.30g,纯度97.49%,摩尔收率96.46%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,Dimethyl Sulfoxide-d6)(δ,ppm):10.38(s,1H),7.54-6.62(m,3H),6.23(s,1H),2.40(s,3H)。
实施例2
将30.00g间苯二酚(0.27mol)、35.50g(0.27mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯和29.70g(0.93mol)甲醇在室温下搅拌溶解,溶解后滴入冰水浴下的活化后的75.00g磺酸型树脂和75.00g的浓硫酸的混合物中,滴加温度控制在10℃以下,1.5h滴完,撤去冰水浴,升温到80℃回流反应1h,降温到30℃抽滤,滤饼为磺酸型树脂,回收待用,滤液滴入冰水浴下的500.00g冰水中淬灭反应,滴加温度控制在15℃以下,析出大量固体,滴完后,置于室温下搅拌0.5h,抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,滤饼加200.00g水打浆,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH=6-7,再次抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,得到淡黄色固体101.71g,90℃烘24h后得白色固体44.85g,纯度94.32%,摩尔收率93.44%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,Dimethyl Sulfoxide-d6)(δ,ppm):10.38(s,1H),7.54-6.62(m,3H),6.23(s,1H),2.40(s,3H)。
实施例3
将30.00g间苯二酚(0.27mol)、53.20g(0.41mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯和43.70g(1.37mol)甲醇在室温下搅拌溶解,溶解后滴入冰水浴下的活化后的105.00g磺酸型树脂和45.00g的浓硫酸的混合物中,滴加温度控制在10℃以下,1.5h滴完,撤去冰水浴,升温到80℃回流反应1h,降温到30℃抽滤,滤饼为磺酸型树脂,回收待用,滤液滴入冰水浴下的500.00g冰水中淬灭反应,滴加温度控制在15℃以下,析出大量固体,滴完后,置于室温下搅拌0.5h,抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,滤饼加200.00g水打浆,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH=6-7,再次抽滤,滤饼漂洗,滤液废弃,得到淡黄色固体103.68g,90℃烘24h后得白色固体45.72g,纯度95.75%,摩尔收率95.25%。
核磁共振氢谱:(500MHz,Dimethyl Sulfoxide-d6)(δ,ppm):10.38(s,1H),7.54-6.62(m,3H),6.23(s,1H),2.40(s,3H)。
Claims (4)
1.一种合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为:
室温下,将间苯二酚、乙酰乙酸乙酯和甲醇搅拌溶解,得到混合液,将所得混合液滴入固体酸和浓硫酸的混合物中,滴加温度控制在10℃以下,滴完后升温至回流80℃反应0.5~1h,之后反应液经后处理,得到产物7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素;
所述固体酸为活性磺酸型树脂,所述磺酸型树脂为001×7阳离子交换树脂;
所述间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯、甲醇的物质的量之比为1:1.0~2.0:3.4~6.8;
所述间苯二酚与固体酸、浓硫酸的质量比为1:2.0~4.0:1.0~3.0。
2.如权利要求1所述合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法,其特征在于,所述间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯、甲醇的物质的量之比为1:1.0~1.5:3.4~5.0。
3.如权利要求1所述合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法,其特征在于,所述间苯二酚与固体酸、浓硫酸的质量比为1:2.5~3.5:1.5~2.5。
4.如权利要求1所述合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的方法,其特征在于,所述后处理的方法为:反应结束后,反应液降至室温,抽滤,滤饼为固体酸回收备用,滤液滴入到冰水中,滴完后室温下搅拌,抽滤,滤饼加水打浆,调pH=6~7,再次抽滤,滤饼烘干,得到目标产物。
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