CN112075287A - Artificial planting method for tricholoma matsutake - Google Patents
Artificial planting method for tricholoma matsutake Download PDFInfo
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- CN112075287A CN112075287A CN202011014122.8A CN202011014122A CN112075287A CN 112075287 A CN112075287 A CN 112075287A CN 202011014122 A CN202011014122 A CN 202011014122A CN 112075287 A CN112075287 A CN 112075287A
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- tricholoma matsutake
- fine sand
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial planting method of tricholoma matsutake, which comprises the following steps: extracting and preparing tricholoma matsutake spores, and selecting pine trees with set tree ages; selecting fresh matsutake in brown, washing to obtain wet fine sand, and making into two containers; one vessel is filled with fine sand with set volume, the root of the fresh tricholoma matsutake is placed in the fine sand, and the other vessel is reversely buckled on the vessel filled with the fine sand without a gap; preparing the fine sand containing the spores into a tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium by proportioning humus soil according to a proportion; the surface root systems of the pine trees are separated by a set distance to remove the epidermis, the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium is sown along the extension direction of the surface root systems, and the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium is covered with nutrient components to promote the nutrition. According to the invention, the growth environment of wild tricholoma matsutake is simulated, the nutrition environment and conditions for the development and growth of wild tricholoma matsutake spores are prepared, and the tricholoma matsutake can grow under the condition of simulating the wild environment by artificially sowing the tricholoma matsutake spores, so that the yield is high. The seeding and harvesting can be realized for a plurality of times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tricholoma matsutake planting, in particular to an artificial planting method of tricholoma matsutake.
Background
In the environment of planting the tricholoma matsutake, after the growth habit and the growth environment of the tricholoma matsutake are fully analyzed, the environment adaptive to the growth of the tricholoma matsutake is reconstructed, and the nutritional ingredients required by the growth of the tricholoma matsutake are artificially modeled, so that spores of the tricholoma matsutake can be propagated and grown in the appropriate environment under the appropriate conditions.
On the growth characteristics of the tricholoma matsutake, the tricholoma matsutake is fully considered to be dependent on pine trees to provide nutrition and form a symbiotic relationship with pine roots, and a quick and efficient method is established for transplanting and cultivating the pine trees on the aspect of imitating wild reproduction, so that the tricholoma matsutake growth method plays a critical role.
In the planting of tricholoma matsutake spores, the tricholoma matsutake spores are scientifically collected and stored, the tricholoma matsutake spores are sown in a specific area through an effective way, the nutrient content is increased, and the spores with the maximum probability can form hypha, mycorrhiza and even tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies under the appropriate conditions.
At present, no precedent of successful artificial planting exists in China and even in the world, so that the yield of the tricholoma matsutake is low, and the yield can not meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the artificial planting method for tricholoma matsutake provided by the invention realizes the optimal combination of environment, nutrition and probability under the necessary condition of tricholoma matsutake and pine root symbiosis, and realizes the breakthrough of planting technology and yield.
The invention provides an artificial planting method of tricholoma matsutake, which comprises the following steps: extracting and preparing tricholoma matsutake spores, and selecting pine trees with set tree ages and developed root systems as nutrition supply bodies of the tricholoma matsutake spores; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the method for preparing the tricholoma matsutake spores comprises the following steps: selecting fresh matsutake in stout shape, washing to obtain wet fine sand, and preparing two vessels which can be buckled with each other; one vessel is used for containing the fine sand with set volume, the root of the fresh tricholoma matsutake is placed in the fine sand, and the other vessel is reversely buckled on the vessel filled with the fine sand without a gap; standing the fresh tricholoma matsutake until the tricholoma matsutake opens the umbrella and releases spores into the fine sand, and preparing the fine sand containing the spores into a tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium by proportioning humus soil according to a proportion;
the epidermis is got rid of to the top layer root system interval of pine and the distance is set for, just top layer root system coats and is stamped the dry humus soil who sets for thickness follow on the dry humus soil top layer root system extending direction is broadcast the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium, just on the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium cover nutrient composition promotes the nourishment, and cover the pine needle fallen leaves on the nutrient composition promotes the nourishment, and sets for long back edge at the interval top layer root system extending direction sprays the glucose water.
Preferably, the set age is 50 years old pine tree.
Preferably, the set volume of fine sand is one half of the volume of the vessel.
Preferably, the ratio of the humus soil to the fine sand containing spores is as follows: 1: 10.
preferably, the set thickness of the dry humus soil is 5 cm.
Preferably, the nutrient lifting nutrient has a covering thickness of 5 cm.
Preferably, the nutrient lifting nutrient comprises: the oak wood or hard miscellaneous wood dust is sterilized in a sterilization pot at high temperature.
Preferably, the proportion of the glucose water is as follows: glucose: water 1: 100.
preferably, the set distance for removing the epidermis of the root system of the surface layer at intervals is 30 cm.
Preferably, the drying humus soil also comprises a wood stick for prying up the root of the mature tricholoma matsutake, and the wood stick is embedded into the drying humus soil at intervals along the extending direction of the root system on the surface layer.
According to the invention, the growth environment of wild tricholoma matsutake is simulated, the nutrition environment and conditions for the development and growth of wild tricholoma matsutake spores are prepared, and the tricholoma matsutake can grow under the condition of simulating the wild environment by artificially sowing the tricholoma matsutake spores, so that the yield is high. The seeding and harvesting can be realized for a plurality of times.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
According to the artificial planting method of the tricholoma matsutake, provided by the embodiment of the invention, basic materials required to be prepared for planting the tricholoma matsutake are as follows: 50 years old pine forest, rich nutrient humus soil, oak or hard miscellaneous wood powder chips, wood sticks (iron sticks, bamboo sticks and the like, the thickness is not strictly required, the diameter can be 2-5 cm) with the length of 60 cm, a sterilization pot, fine river sand, two washbasins (the best is colorless or transparent), pine needles, glucose and the like. The invention adopts 50-year pine trees to be sowed under the forest. The mode of transplanting the pine can also be adopted, the pine can be transplanted through the whole plant, the root system is well reserved, but the mode has the defects of high cost and long time consumption, and the transplanting survival rate is lower when the pine is bigger. But can also achieve the purpose of planting the tricholoma matsutake after the transplantation and survival.
The basic conditions required: outdoor cultivation, the temperature is below 24 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature difference between day and night is 5-10 ℃. The best is Yunchuan region, and in northern region, it is preferable to use it in spring and autumn. It is impossible to cultivate in cold winter and hot summer.
The tricholoma matsutake planting method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 50-year-old pine trees, cleaning floating soil under the forest, removing surface soil until the root systems of the uppermost layer of the pine trees are exposed, and using an iron shovel to shovel off the surface bark of the tree roots at intervals of about 30 centimeters without cutting off the surface bark, so that the normal growth of the root systems is maintained. The pine roots are stripped to remove the skin, water flows out, and the pine roots are covered by dry humus soil with the thickness of about 5 centimeters, and the dry humus soil can slightly cover the pine roots.
② the extraction and preparation of tricholoma matsutake spores, which comprises the following steps: selecting fresh matsutake with a height of above 9cm, and can not be frozen or dried without opening umbrella and insect bite. Furthermore, the moist fine sand is washed out and two vessels which can be snapped together (the vessels being washbasins in the above-mentioned basic material) are prepared; one of the vessels contains fine sand with a set volume, and specifically, the set volume of the fine sand occupies one half of the volume of the vessel.
The root of the fresh tricholoma matsutake is placed in the fine sand, and the other vessel is reversely buckled on the vessel filled with the fine sand without a gap; fresh tricholoma matsutake is kept still until the tricholoma matsutake is opened and spores are released into the fine sand, the tricholoma matsutake is opened and the spores are released, after the tricholoma matsutake is completely dried, the spores of the tricholoma matsutake are fully scattered in the fine sand, and the tricholoma matsutake residues are removed.
In addition, the storage of spores is also included: the ambient air temperature is kept below 24 degrees. If the seeds can be planted immediately, the fine sand is wrapped by a plastic bag and ready for sowing. If the pine tree is not sown in a short time such as a planting period, fine sand is wrapped by a cotton bag and buried in soft soil under the tree to keep the tree moist.
Thirdly, fine sand containing spores is mixed with humus soil, the humus soil and the fine sand containing the spores are mixed according to the proportion of 10:1, a strain of tricholoma matsutake spores is prepared into a 5.5 pot tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium, and the prepared tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium is broadcasted along the root system of the surface layer of the pine and is in a linear shape or a dotted distribution.
After sowing, 5cm thick sterilized oak chips are spread on the surface root system of the pine trees to serve as the improvement of the nutrient content.
And finally, covering the wood chips with pine needle fallen leaves of more than 5 centimeters, and then covering, so that the moisture can be preserved, the heat is preserved, the nutrition is improved, and the incubation of spores under a soil layer into hypha and mycorrhiza is accelerated.
Fourthly, in sunny days, after two days, the parts of the root system on the surface layer which flow out water are naturally dried or healed. Mixing glucose and water according to the ratio of 1: neutralizing at a ratio of 100, spraying and watering, and ensuring that humus soil is wet and cannot be irrigated by large water.
Fifthly, harvesting of tricholoma matsutake: hyphae can continuously grow into hyphae or mycorrhiza below the outdoor temperature of 24 ℃ under the soil layer, the hyphae or the mycorrhiza can stably grow after being transplanted, fine roots of pine trees with developed root systems can provide nutrition for the hyphae, meanwhile, the crushed oak sawdust can increase nutrient components required by the hyphae in time after being rotted, the hyphae is accelerated to grow into fruit bodies, and the pine mushrooms can grow into pine needle layers with fallen leaves as soon as possible in the soil with sufficient nutrients. Still include by the stick that is used for prizing ripe matsutake root, the stick buries inside dry humus soil along top layer root system extending direction interval.
After the tricholoma matsutake grows, the tricholoma matsutake is slightly curled up by a stick without damaging the bottom soil of the tricholoma matsutake so as not to influence the growing environment of the growing mycorrhiza or the non-growing tricholoma matsutake. Thus, the seeds can be harvested twice in spring and autumn after one-time sowing. The period from sowing to harvesting can last for 1-2 years.
If the environment has not changed greatly, the sown spores can grow with the roots of the pine tree after 2 years. And under the condition that no undeveloped spores or mycorrhizae exist in the residual soil, digging the soil along the previously inserted stick marks to expose tree roots, and sowing for the second time. The process is repeated.
According to the invention, the growth environment of wild tricholoma matsutake is simulated, the nutrition environment and conditions for the development and growth of wild tricholoma matsutake spores are prepared, and the tricholoma matsutake can grow under the condition of simulating the wild environment by artificially sowing the tricholoma matsutake spores, so that the yield is high. The seeding and harvesting can be realized for a plurality of times.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial planting method of tricholoma matsutake is characterized by comprising the following steps: extracting and preparing tricholoma matsutake spores, and selecting pine trees with set tree ages and developed root systems as nutrition supply bodies of the tricholoma matsutake spores; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the method for preparing the tricholoma matsutake spores comprises the following steps: selecting fresh matsutake in stout shape, washing to obtain wet fine sand, and preparing two vessels which can be buckled with each other; one vessel is used for containing the fine sand with set volume, the root of the fresh tricholoma matsutake is placed in the fine sand, and the other vessel is reversely buckled on the vessel filled with the fine sand without a gap; standing the fresh tricholoma matsutake until the tricholoma matsutake opens the umbrella and releases spores into the fine sand, and preparing the fine sand containing the spores into a tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium by proportioning humus soil according to a proportion;
the epidermis is got rid of to the top layer root system interval of pine and the distance is set for, just top layer root system coats and is stamped the dry humus soil who sets for thickness follow on the dry humus soil top layer root system extending direction is broadcast the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium, just on the tricholoma matsutake spore culture medium cover nutrient composition promotes the nourishment, and cover the pine needle fallen leaves on the nutrient composition promotes the nourishment, and sets for long back edge at the interval top layer root system extending direction sprays the glucose water.
2. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set age is pine tree of 50 years.
3. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 2, wherein the set volume of the fine sand is one half of the volume of the container.
4. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the humus soil to the fine sand containing spores is as follows: 1: 10.
5. the artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set thickness of the dry humus soil is 5 cm.
6. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the covering thickness of the nutrient lifting food is 5 cm.
7. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 6, wherein said nutrient lifting food comprises: the oak wood or hard miscellaneous wood dust is sterilized in a sterilization pot at high temperature.
8. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the proportion of the glucose water is as follows: glucose: water 1: 100.
9. the method for artificially cultivating tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 8, wherein the interval of the surface root system for removing the epidermis is set to 30 cm.
10. The artificial cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a wooden stick for prying up the root of matsutake, wherein the wooden stick is buried in the inside of the dry humus soil at intervals along the extension direction of the surface root system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113940232A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-18 | 郑冬 | Preparation method of organic selenium tricholoma matsutake |
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| CN109479616A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 吕全德 | The production of hybrid seeds of matsutake and cultural method |
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| CN111226687A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of field tricholoma matsutake mushroom pond |
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2020
- 2020-09-24 CN CN202011014122.8A patent/CN112075287A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861795A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-10-20 | 云南农业大学 | Method for promoting propagation of tricholoma matsutake artificially |
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| CN109479616A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 吕全德 | The production of hybrid seeds of matsutake and cultural method |
| CN110896780A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-24 | 香格里拉市山里情菌业有限责任公司 | Artificial propagation-promoting industrial conservation method for tricholoma matsutake |
| CN111226687A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of field tricholoma matsutake mushroom pond |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113940232A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-18 | 郑冬 | Preparation method of organic selenium tricholoma matsutake |
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