CN112074257A - 用于监控婴儿基本需求的传感器装置和系统 - Google Patents

用于监控婴儿基本需求的传感器装置和系统 Download PDF

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CN112074257A
CN112074257A CN201980029688.7A CN201980029688A CN112074257A CN 112074257 A CN112074257 A CN 112074257A CN 201980029688 A CN201980029688 A CN 201980029688A CN 112074257 A CN112074257 A CN 112074257A
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sensor
absorbent article
data
sensors
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B.阿里兹蒂
M.里迪
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

本文描述了用于监控婴儿基本需求(包括喂食、睡觉和/或排泄(排尿和/或排便))的传感器装置和系统。

Description

用于监控婴儿基本需求的传感器装置和系统
技术领域
本公开涉及用于监控婴儿基本需求(包括喂食、睡觉和/或排泄(排尿和/或排便))的传感器装置和系统。
背景技术
用于监控婴儿和老年成人的护理的智能装置和系统正变得普遍。此类装置的示例包括与尿布和成人失禁产品相关联的湿度传感器，所述湿度传感器可感测何时发生排尿并且随后警示护理人员产品更换是必要的。还采用视听监控装置来确定婴儿或成人患者的位置、活动和需要。
喂食是持续健康和生命的关键功能。然而，跟踪喂食通常涉及来自个体喂食的反馈、至少一些护理人员输入、和/或采用精密设备。需要容易且自动地感测个体的喂食特性(例如，时间和/或摄食量)，所述个体不能向护理人员提供可用的反馈，并且护理人员无需跟踪、监控和/或记录喂食特性。
除了需要用于理解喂食特性的改进的系统之外，还需要用于监控婴儿或患者健康状况的多个方面的改进的系统和方法。已知的系统往往体积庞大，在大量生产的一次性制品内结合电子部件，并且/或者在繁忙的生活中使用起来很复杂。本公开的各种形式解决了这些确定的需求中的一个或多个。
发明内容
本公开的形式提供了用于监控婴儿(或患者)的基本需求(包括喂食、睡觉和/或排泄)的系统。该系统包括数据采集模块，所述数据采集模块包括用于与由婴儿(或患者)穿着的吸收制品或衣服临时相关联的传感器装置；数据处理模块；以及通信模块。该传感器设备包括传感器外壳和设置在传感器外壳上和/或传感器外壳内的多个电子部件。数据处理单元被构造成从传感器装置接收传感器数据并将与传感器数据相关的信息传送到通信模块。通信模块包括软件应用程序，该软件应用程序使得与喂食、睡觉和/或排泄相关的信息能够基于包括传感器数据的数据经由计算机平台被显示给护理人员。与排泄相关的信息可包括排尿事件、肠运动事件或简单的尿布更换。与喂食相关的信息来源于传感器装置，并且可与母乳喂养、奶瓶喂养或两者相关。数据采集模块也可包括摄像头以捕获穿着传感器装置与其附接的一次性吸收制品的婴儿或患者的图像。任选的摄像头可包括附加功能，包括环境感测和数据处理(例如，将数据从传感器装置传送到路由器以用于随后经由互联网传输数据)。本公开的系统可采用多个摄像头。例如，摄像头可被放置到房屋的若干房间中，其中来自摄像头中的一个或多个的视频馈送被传送给护理人员。摄像头能够通过传感器装置的位置和/或经由运动检测来检测被监控个体的存在。在这种情形下，只有摄像头中的一者可在任一时间将数据传送给护理人员。
本公开的系统还可包括传感器装置可与其附接和与其分离的多个吸收制品。在这种形式中，传感器变成多次使用传感器，从而实现包括一次性部件和非一次性部件的高性价比智能产品。
本公开的形式提供了用于监控婴儿(或患者)的基本需求的方法。所述方法包括以下步骤：向传感器装置提供关于如何和在何处将该传感器装置附接到一次性吸收制品的说明，提供可在计算机装置上操作的软件应用程序，当包含该传感器装置的一次性吸收制品被放置到婴儿/患者身上时，该软件应用程序可基于由该传感器装置生成的数据来显示信息，以及提供数据处理以用于操纵由该传感器装置生成的数据，从而将由该传感器装置生成的数据转换或解译为消费者可理解的与喂食、睡觉和/或排泄相关的信息。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图所作的对本公开的示例性形式的描述，本公开的上述和其它特征和优点以及获得它们的方式将变得更加显而易见，并且本公开自身将更好地被理解，其中：
图1为示出与本公开的系统相关联的模块的示意图；
图2为示出本公开的传感器装置和系统的操作方面的示意图；
图3为呈尿布形式的示例性吸收制品的平面图，处于平面展开状态，面向衣服的表面朝向观察者；
图4为图3的示例性吸收制品的平面图，处于平面展开状态，面向穿着者的表面朝向观察者；
图5为处于扣紧位置的图3和4的吸收制品的正面透视图；
图6为呈裤形式的吸收制品的正面透视图；
图7为图6的吸收制品的背面透视图；
图8为图6的吸收制品的平面图，该吸收制品平坦放置，其中面向衣服的表面朝向观察者；
图9为沿图8的线IX—IX截取的吸收制品的剖视图；
图10为沿图8的线X—X截取的吸收制品的剖视图；
图11为示例性吸收芯或吸收制品的平面图；
图12为沿线XII—XII截取的图11的吸收芯的剖视图；
图13为沿线XIII—XIII截取的图11的吸收芯的剖视图；
图14为本公开的示例性传感器装置的局部视图；
图15为本公开的传感器装置的面向护理人员侧。
图16为图15的传感器装置的面向一次性制品侧。以及
图17为本公开的示例性套件，其包括多个一次性吸收制品、两个传感器装置、摄像头、和两个摄像头对接底座。
具体实施方式
现在将描述本公开的各种非限制性方面以在总体上理解本文所公开的主题的结构、功能、制造和/或用途的原理。在以下具体实施方式中，参考了附图，所述附图形成具体实施方式的一部分。在附图中，除非上下文另有规定，否则类似的符号可标识类似的元件。应当容易理解，如本文大体所述并且如图所示，本公开的各方面可以多种不同的构型布置、取代、组合、分开和设计，其全部都在本文中明确规定。
参见图1，本公开的示例性系统S1通常包括三个元件：数据收集模块100、数据处理模块102和通信模块103。数据采集模块包括可与由婴儿或患者穿着的一次性吸收制品或衣物制品相关联的传感器装置。除了与一次性吸收制品一起穿着的传感器装置以外，数据采集模块还可包括邻近穿着传感器装置的人的其他传感器装置或设备。例如，数据采集模块可包括摄像头；用于感测烟雾、一氧化碳、温度、相对湿度的环境传感器；运动传感器、录音机等。数据处理模块可包括数据传输、数据存储、数据解释和/或数据操纵，以将来自数据收集模块的数据转换成消费者可理解的与个体的健康状况相关的信息，包括例如喂食、睡觉和/或排泄。并且通信模块包括用于传送(例如，显示)消费者可理解的信息的软件应用程序。
图2是示出本公开的传感器装置和系统可如何操作的示例性示意图。示出了两种示例性操作模式；由位于住所或护理中心202内的婴儿/患者穿着该传感器装置200的模式，其中在传感器装置200和集线器202之间进行无线通信(例如，蓝牙低功耗、15.4、自组织网状网络等)。以及婴儿/患者远程(例如，在汽车或婴儿车中)定位的另一种模式，其中在传感器装置200和智能装置204(例如，电话)之间进行无线通信。来自传感器装置200的数据和信息经由路由器203或智能装置204传送到系统前端206，以将数据和信息转换为经由软件应用程序提供的消费者可用信息。
图2示出了本公开的系统的附加任选方面。集线器202可包括摄像头和用于附加数据采集的其他传感器。视频流和/或图像可从任选的摄像头205传送至视频数据管理器208。应当理解，虽然图2示出了用于位于云A上的传感器装置数据和用于位于云B上的视频/图像数据的单独数据管理系统，但所有数据都可以与单个数据管理系统进行通信。
数据管理系统云A可包含一个或多个关系模型210，以使主账号持有者(例如，妈妈或爸爸)能够向次级护理提供者(例如，祖父母、保姆、日托雇员)提供对数据中的一些或全部的访问。仅以举例的方式，主账号持有者接收视频/图像数据，但不向次级护理提供者提供所述视频/图像数据的访问。
图2示出了任选的在线客户支持212。客户支持212可包括多种功能，范围从传感器装置的操作帮助到通过整合的电子商务网站补充一次性吸收制品。
图2还示出了另选的登录门户214和216。登录门户214是用于确认寻求访问从传感器装置和包括所述传感器装置的系统流出的数据和信息的账号持有者身份的独立访问。登录门户216表示通过现有网络账号(例如，Google或Facebook账号)的另选的接入点。
下文提供了对传感器装置可与其相关联的示例性一次性吸收制品的描述，随后是对系统模块的描述、对示例性传感器装置形式的描述、以及本公开的系统的任选附加方面。
I.一次性吸收制品
根据本公开的以尿布形式示出的示例性一次性吸收制品10在图3-5中示出。图3为示例性吸收制品10的平面图，面向衣服的表面2面对观察者，处于平面展开状态(即，无弹性收缩)。图4为图3的示例性吸收制品10的平面图，处于平面展开状态，面向穿着者的表面4朝向观察者。图5为呈扣紧构造的图3和4的吸收制品10的正面透视图。图3-5的吸收制品10仅出于例证的目的而示出，因为本公开可用于制造多种尿布，例如包括成人失禁产品、裤、或其他吸收制品诸如卫生巾和吸收垫。
吸收制品10可包括前腰区12、裆区14和后腰区16。裆区14可在前腰区12与后腰区16中间延伸。前腰区12、裆区14、和后腰区16可各自为吸收制品10的长度的1/3。吸收制品10可包含前端边18、与前端边18相对的后端边20、以及由基础结构52限定的纵向延伸的横向相对的侧边22和24。
吸收制品10可包含液体可透过的顶片26、液体不可透过的底片28以及至少部分地定位在顶片26与底片28中间的吸收芯30。吸收制品10也可包含具有或不具有弹性部件33的一对或多对阻隔腿箍32、一对或多对腿弹性部件34、一个或多个弹性腰带36、和/或一个或多个采集材料38。一种或多种采集材料38可定位在顶片26与吸收芯30中间。外覆盖件材料40诸如非织造材料可覆盖底片28的面向衣服的一侧。吸收制品10可包含位于后腰区16中的后耳片42。后耳片42可包括紧固件46并且可从吸收制品10的后腰区16延伸并且(使用紧固件46)附接到吸收制品10的前腰区12的面向衣服部分上的着陆区区域或着陆区材料44。吸收制品10也可在前腰区12中具有前耳片47。吸收制品10可具有中心侧向(或横向)轴线48和中心纵向轴线50。中心侧向轴线48垂直于中心纵向轴线50延伸。
在其他情况下，吸收制品可为具有永久性或可重复扣紧的侧缝的裤的形式。合适的可重复扣紧的接缝公开于美国专利申请公布2014/0005020和美国专利9,421,137中。参见图6-10，示出了呈裤形式的示例性吸收制品10。图6为吸收制品10的正面透视图。图7为吸收制品10的背面透视图。图8为吸收制品10的平面图，该吸收制品平坦放置，其中面向衣服的表面面对观察者。图6-10的具有与上文关于图3-5所述相同的附图标号的元件可为相同的元件(例如，吸收芯30)。图9为沿图8的线IX—IX截取的吸收制品的示例性剖视图。图10为沿图8的线X—X截取的吸收制品的示例性剖视图。图9和图10示出了前带54和后带56的示例性形式。吸收制品10可具有前腰区12、裆区14和后腰区16。区域12、14和16中的每一者可为吸收制品10的长度的1/3。吸收制品10可具有基础结构52(有时称为中心基础结构或中心片)，该基础结构包括顶片26、底片28以及至少部分地设置在顶片26与底片28中间的吸收芯30，以及任选的采集材料38，该采集材料类似于上文相对于图3-5所述的采集材料。吸收制品10可包含位于前腰区12中的前带54和位于后腰区16中的后带56。基础结构52可接合到前带54和后带56的面向穿着者的表面4，或接合到带54、56的面向衣服的表面2。前带54的侧边23和25可分别接合到后带56的侧边27和29，以形成两个侧缝58。侧缝58可为本领域的技术人员已知的任何合适的接缝，例如诸如邻接接缝或重叠接缝。当侧缝58永久地形成或可重复扣紧地闭合时，裤形式的吸收制品10具有两个腿部开口60和腰部开口周边62。侧缝58可使用例如粘合剂或粘结部永久地接合，或者可使用例如钩环紧固件可重复扣紧地闭合。
A.带
参见图9和图10，前带54和后带56可包括前后内带层66和67以及前后外带层64和65，其具有至少部分地设置在内带层与外带层之间的弹性体材料(例如，股线68或膜(其可为开孔的))。弹性元件68或膜可为松弛的(包括被切割的)以减小在吸收芯30上的弹性应变，或者可供选择地在整个吸收芯30上连续分布。弹性部件68在束带的任何部分中可在它们之间具有均匀的或可变的间距。弹性元件68也可预应变相同的量或不同的量。前带54和/或后带56可具有一个或多个弹性元件自由区70，其中基础结构52与前带54和后带56重叠。在其他情况下，弹性元件68中的至少一些可在基础结构52上连续延伸。
前内带层66和后内带层67以及前外带层64和后外带层65可使用粘合剂、热粘结、压力粘结或热塑性粘结来接合。各种合适的带层构造可见于美国专利申请公布2013/0211363中。
前带端边55和后带端边57可纵向延伸到前基础结构端边19和后基础结构端边21之外(如图8所示)，或者它们可为共末端的。前带侧边和后带侧边23、25、27和29可横向延伸超过基础结构侧边22和24。前带54和后带56可为从带侧边至带侧边(例如，从23至25以及从27至29的横向距离)连续的(即，具有至少一个连续的层)。另选地，前带54和后带56可为从带侧边至带侧边(例如，从23至25以及从27至29的横向距离)不连续的，使得它们为离散的。
如美国专利7,901,393所公开的，后带56的纵向长度(沿中心纵向轴线50)可大于前带54的纵向长度，并且当后带56具有比邻近或紧邻侧缝58的前带54更大的纵向长度时，这可尤其可用于增加臀部覆盖范围。
前外带层64和后外带层65可彼此分离，使得这些层是离散的，或者，这些层可为连续的，使得层从前带端边55连续地延伸至后带端边57。对于前后内带层66和67也可以如此—即它们也可以是纵向离散的或连续的。再者，前外带层64和后外带层65可为纵向连续的，而前内带层66和后内带层67为纵向离散的，使得在它们之间形成间隙——前后内外带层64、65、66和67之间的间隙示于图9中，并且前内带层66和后内带层67之间的间隙示于图10中。
前带54和后带56可包括狭缝、洞和/或穿孔，该狭缝、洞和/或穿孔提供增加的透气性、柔软性和衣服样的纹理。内衣样的外观可通过在侧缝58处基本上对齐腰部边缘和腿部边缘而增强(参见图6和7)。
前带54和后带56可包括图形(参见，例如图3的78)。图形可基本上围绕吸收制品10的整个圆周延伸并且可横跨侧缝58和/或横跨近侧前带接缝15和后带接缝17设置；或者，以美国专利9,498,389中所示的方式邻近缝58、15和17，以形成更近似内衣的制品。图像也可为不连续的。
另选地，可将离散的侧片连接到基础结构的侧边22和24上，而不是将带54和56附接到基础结构52以形成裤。包括离散侧片的裤的合适形式公开于美国专利6,645,190；8,747,379；8,372,052；8,361,048；6,761,711；6,817,994；8,007,485；7,862,550；6,969,377；7,497,851；6,849,067；6,893,426；6,953,452；6,840,928；8,579,876；7,682,349；7,156,833；和7,201,744中所示的那些。
B.顶片
顶片26为吸收制品10的与穿着者皮肤接触的一部分。如本领域普通技术人员所知，顶片26可接合到底片28、吸收芯30、阻隔腿箍32和/或任何其他层的部分。顶片26可为柔顺的，感觉松软的，并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激。此外，顶片的至少一部分或全部可为液体可透过的，允许液体身体流出物容易渗过其厚度。适宜的顶片可由许多各种不同的材料制成，诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、开孔塑料膜、织造材料、非织造材料、天然纤维(例如，木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维或长丝(例如，聚酯纤维或聚丙烯纤维或PE/PP双组分纤维或它们的混合物)或天然纤维与合成纤维的组合的织造或非织造材料。顶片可具有一个或多个层。顶片可为开孔的(图4，元件31)，可具有任何合适的三维特征结构，和/或可具有多个压花(例如，粘结图案)。顶片可通过过度粘结材料并且随后通过环轧制使过度粘结处破裂进行开孔，例如公开于在1997年5月13日授予Benson等人的美国专利号5,628,097中并公开于授予Arora等人的美国专利申请公布号US2016/0136014中。顶片的任何部分均可涂覆有护肤组合物、抗菌剂、表面活性剂和/或其他有益剂。顶片可为亲水性或疏水性的或可具有亲水性和/或疏水性部分或层。如果顶片为疏水性的，则通常将存在孔，以使得身体流出物可穿过顶片。
C.底片
底片28通常为吸收制品10接近吸收芯30的面向衣服的表面定位的那部分。可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何附接方法将底片28接合到吸收制品的顶片26、外覆盖件材料40、吸收芯30和/或任何其他层的部分上。底片膜28防止或至少抑制吸收芯10所吸收和容纳的身体流出物弄脏物品，诸如床单、内衣和/或衣服。底片通常为液体不可透过的，或至少基本上为液体不可透过的。底片可例如为或包括薄型塑料膜，诸如热塑性膜，其具有约0.012mm至约0.051mm的厚度。其他合适的底片材料可包括透气材料，其允许蒸气从吸收制品逸出，同时仍然防止或至少抑制身体流出物透过底片。
D.外覆盖件材料
外覆盖件材料(有时称为底片非织造材料)40可包括接合到底片28并覆盖底片28的一种或多种非织造材料。外覆盖件材料40形成吸收制品10的面向衣服表面2的至少一部分并且有效地“覆盖”底片28，使得膜不存在于面向衣服的表面2上。外覆盖件材料40可包括粘结图案、孔和/或三维特征结构。
E.吸收芯
如本文所用，术语“吸收芯”30是指具有最大吸收容量并包含吸收材料的吸收制品10的部件。参见图11-13，在一些情况下，吸收材料72可定位在芯袋或芯包裹物74内。根据具体的吸收制品，吸收材料可以是异形的或不是异形的。吸收芯30可包含芯包裹物、吸收材料72和包封在芯包裹物内的胶，基本上由这些元件组成，或由这些元件组成。吸收材料可包含超吸收聚合物、超吸收聚合物和透气毡的混合物、仅透气毡、和/或高内相乳液泡沫。在一些情况下，吸收材料可包含按吸收材料的重量计至少80％、至少85％、至少90％、至少95％、至少99％、或至多100％的超吸收聚合物。在此类情况下，吸收材料可不含透气毡，或至少大部分不含透气毡。吸收芯周边(其可以为芯包裹物的周边)可限定任何合适的形状，诸如例如矩形“T”、“Y”、“沙漏”或“狗骨”形状。具有大致“狗骨”或“沙漏”形状的吸收芯周边可沿其宽度朝向吸收制品10的裆区14渐缩。
参见图11-13，吸收芯30可具有很少或没有吸收材料72的区域，其中芯袋74的面向穿着者的表面可接合到芯袋74的面向衣服的表面。这些具有很少吸收材料或不具有吸收材料的区域可被称为“通道”76。这些通道可体现任何合适的形状，并且可提供任何合适数量的通道。在其他情况下，吸收芯可以压花以产生通道的印痕。图11-13中的吸收芯仅为示例性吸收芯。具有或不具有通道的许多其他吸收芯也在本公开的范围内。
F.阻隔腿箍/腿弹性部件
参见图3和图4，例如，吸收制品10可包括一对或多对阻隔腿箍32和一对或多对腿弹性部件34。阻隔腿箍32可定位在腿弹性部件34的侧向内侧。每个阻隔腿箍32可由材料件形成，该材料件粘结到吸收制品10，从而其可从吸收制品10的面向穿着者的表面4向上延伸并提供在穿着者的躯干和腿部的接合处附近的改善的身体流出物的围堵。阻隔腿箍32由直接或间接地接合到顶片和/或底片的近侧边缘以及自由端边缘界定，其旨在接触穿着者的皮肤并与穿着者的皮肤形成密封。阻隔腿箍32可至少部分地在中心纵向轴线50的相对侧上的吸收制品10的前端边18和后端边20之间延伸，并且至少存在于裆区14中。阻隔腿箍32可在自由端边缘附近或在自由端边缘处各自包括一个或多个弹性部件33(例如，弹性股线或条)。这些弹性部件33使阻隔腿箍32有助于围绕穿着者的腿部和躯干形成密封。腿弹性部件34至少部分地在前端边18与后端边20之间延伸。腿弹性部件34基本上使吸收制品10的靠近基础结构侧边22、24的部分有助于围绕穿着者的腿部形成密封。腿弹性部件34可至少在裆区14内延伸。
G.弹性腰带
参见图3和图4，吸收制品10可包括一个或多个弹性腰带36。弹性腰带36可定位在面向衣服的表面2上或面向穿着者的表面4上。作为示例，第一弹性腰带36可存在于前带端边18附近的前腰区12中，并且第二弹性腰带36可存在于后端边20附近的后腰区16中。弹性腰带36可有助于围绕穿着者的腰部密封吸收制品10，并且至少抑制身体流出物通过腰部开口周边溢出吸收制品10。在一些情况下，弹性腰带可完全围绕吸收制品的腰部开口周围。
H.采集材料
参见图3、图4、图9和图10，一种或多种采集材料38可至少部分地存在于顶片26与吸收芯30中间。采集材料38通常为提供对身体流出物的显著芯吸的亲水性材料。这些材料可使顶片26脱水并且将身体流出物快速移动到吸收芯30中。采集材料38可包括例如一种或多种非织造材料、泡沫、纤维素材料、交联的纤维素材料、气流成网纤维素非织造材料、水刺材料或它们的组合。在一些情况下，采集材料38的部分可延伸穿过顶片26的部分，顶片26的部分可延伸穿过采集材料38的部分，并且/或者顶片26可与采集材料38嵌套。通常，采集材料38可具有小于顶片26的宽度和长度的宽度和长度。采集材料可为女性衬垫上下文中的第二顶片。采集材料可具有如上文参考吸收芯30(包括压花型式)所述的一个或多个通道。采集材料中的通道可与吸收芯30中的通道对齐或不对齐。在一个示例中，第一采集材料可包括非织造材料，并且作为第二采集材料可包括交联的纤维素材料。
I.着陆区
参见图3和图4，吸收制品10可具有在外覆盖件材料40的面向衣服的表面2的一部分中形成的着陆区区域44。如果吸收制品10从前至后扣紧，则着陆区区域44可位于后腰区16中；或者如果吸收制品10从后至前扣紧，则着陆区区域可位于前腰区12中。在一些情况下，着陆区44可为或可包含一种或多种离散的非织造材料，该一种或多种离散的非织造材料附接到前腰区12或后腰区16中的外覆盖件材料40的一部分，这取决于吸收制品是在前面还是后面紧固。实质上，着陆区44被构造成接收紧固件46并且可包括例如被构造成与紧固件46上的多个钩咬合的多个套环，或反之亦然。
如图3所示，吸收制品10可任选地采用第二着陆区区域95来用于传感器装置附接。着陆区区域95可包括附连到面向衣服的表面2上的离散的材料条带。例如，离散的纤维材料条带可用于接合传感器装置的面向制品的表面上的钩。着陆区区域95可包括另选的接合特征结构，例如用于部分地或完全地接纳传感器装置的口袋。应当理解，传感器装置能够直接附接到外覆盖件材料40，而不需要附加的材料条带或其他着陆区部件。
J.润湿指示标记/图形
参见图3，本公开的吸收制品10可包括从面向衣服的表面2可见的图形78和/或润湿指示标记80。图形78可印刷在着陆区40、底片28和/或其他位置上。润湿指示标记80通常被施加到底片28的面向吸收芯侧，使得它们可被吸收芯30内的身体流出物接触，并且此后视觉外观改变(例如，经由pH敏感性材料改变颜色)。在一些情况下，润湿指示标记80可形成图形78的部分。例如，润湿指示标记可出现或消失，并且在一些图形内产生/移除字符。在其他情况下，润湿指示标记80可与图形78协调(例如，相同的设计、相同的图案、相同的颜色)或不协调。
图形82为用于帮助消费者将传感器装置附接到吸收制品10的任选的目标图形。图3示出图形82邻近润湿指示标记80但与其间隔开，但其可另选地邻近指示标记80和/或与其重叠，这取决于所选择的传感器装置的尺寸和构型。
K.前耳片和后耳片
参见上文提及的图3和图4，吸收制品10可在胶粘尿布中具有前耳片47和/或后耳片42。在大多数胶粘尿布中，只需要一组耳片。单组耳片可包括被构造成接合着陆区或着陆区区域44的紧固件46。如果提供两组耳片，在大多数情况下，仅一组耳片可具有紧固件46，而另一组耳片不具有紧固件。耳片或其部分可为弹性的或可具有弹性片。在一个示例中，弹性膜或弹性股线可定位在第一非织造材料与第二非织造材料中间。弹性膜可为开孔的或可为不开孔的。耳片可为成型的。耳片可为一体的(例如，外覆盖件材料40、底片28和/或顶片26的延伸部分)，或者可为在面向穿着者的表面4上、在面向衣服的表面2上或者在两个表面4、2中间附接到吸收制品的基础结构52的离散部件。
II.数据采集模块
数据采集模块包括传感器装置。传感器装置可为单次使用装置或多次使用装置，所述多次使用装置可附接到一次性吸收制品(诸如图3-8所示的吸收制品10)或由个体穿着的衣物制品并能够与其分离。当传感器装置为单次使用装置时，其可已经与购买的吸收制品相关联，或其能够由穿着者或护理人员附接。
传感器装置可包括传感器外壳，该传感器外壳通常保护设置在其中的传感器和其他电子部件，以及抑制所述传感器和其他电子部件与婴儿、患者或护理人员的不期望的接触。外壳可由多种材料(柔性和刚性两者)制成，其示例包括热塑性聚合物、热塑性弹性体、有机硅、Tecaform、Tecanant、以及它们的组合。其他材料也可用于外壳，只要其一般被认为对于人类接触是安全的并且不引起刺激或其他不期望的健康效应即可。包含苦味剂或其他方法可任选地用于阻止将传感器装置放置在人的口中或以其他方式篡改传感器装置。
传感器装置可附接到皮肤(例如，经由水凝胶或生物粘合剂材料)、一次性制品(诸如本文所定义的吸收制品)和/或由个体穿着的衣服。各种附接机构可用于将传感器装置附接到衣服制品或吸收制品。例如，钩环紧固机构、磁体、粘合剂、热粘结件、以及公母配合紧固件诸如按扣和按钮。还可采用接收特征结构诸如口袋、凹陷部和空隙，其在具有或不具有附接特征结构的情况下基本上保持传感器装置。在另一种形式中，辅助制品可用于将传感器装置与吸收制品整合。辅助制品可呈裤状可重复使用的服装的形式，所述服装被设计成贴合在吸收制品上。此类辅助制品可包括廉价的可拉伸材料，包括例如人造丝、尼龙、聚酯、聚烯烃、斯潘德克斯弹性纤维、棉、羊毛、以及它们的组合。
在一种形式中，传感器装置适于附接到吸收制品的外覆盖件。钩环特征结构可与该附接方法一起使用。例如，可将钩材料条带附连到传感器外壳的一个表面，其中钩可与用于外覆盖件的材料直接接合或与添加的材料条带(诸如图3所示的着陆区95)直接接合。
传感器外壳包括设置在外壳上和/或外壳内的多个电子部件。通常，电子部件包括至少一个传感器、发射器和电源(例如，一次性电池或可再充电电池)。基于本文所公开的系统和方法的应用来选择传感器装置所采用的传感器的数量和类型。示例性传感器包括但不限于光学传感器、颜色传感器、湿度传感器、BM(肠运动)传感器、运动传感器、温度传感器、化学传感器、应变仪以及它们的组合。VOC(挥发性有机化合物)传感器是一种合适类型的BM传感器。并且三轴加速度计(通常测量线性运动/运动)是一种合适类型的运动传感器。可使用另选的或附加的运动传感器，包括例如惯性测量单元(IMU)、用于测量角运动的陀螺仪和用于测量磁场的磁力仪。VOC传感器可为MOS型(金属氧化物)。BM传感器可以能够充当电子鼻以检测与身体流出物相关联的有机材料的化学标记，包括例如粪臭素、硫醇、胺、挥发性脂肪酸、丙酮、乙酸甲酯和甲醇。BM传感器也可包括利用光学或颜色传感器以检测制品中粪便的存在。按照这些原则，多个光学或颜色传感器可用于基于尿液和粪便的固有颜色或基于在尿液和/或粪便的存在下改变颜色的指示剂的使用来检测尿液和粪便两者。例如，与身体流出物相关联的以下酶可触发可由光学或颜色传感器感测的所包括的指示剂的光学变化：脲酶、胰蛋白酶、趋化蛋白酶、LAP、脂肪酶、酰胺酶和脲酶。
用于检测尿液或其他体液的存在的湿度传感器可包括光学传感器、颜色传感器、以及包括电阻、电容、电感或连续性敏感指示器的电传感器。例如，可通过提供相对于彼此以给定空间距离设置的两个电导体来提供电阻敏感指示器。
图14和图15示出了包括多个传感器和其他电子部件的一个示例性传感器装置300的各方面。图14示出了呈其最终构造之前的制造形式的传感器装置，并且该传感器装置由传感器外壳310包封(如图15所示)。参见图14，采用多个电连接的印刷电路板312、313、314和315。印刷电路板312包括光学传感器320、面向吸收制品的光源322、电源管理部件324、闪存部件326、光学传感器前端328、处理器和发射器部件330以及天线332。印刷电路板313包括运动传感器(例如，加速度计)334和电源(例如，纽扣电池)336。印刷电路板314包括BM传感器(例如，VOC传感器)338、温度和相对湿度传感器340、第二光学传感器342和第二面向吸收制品的光源344。并且印刷电路板315包括用于激活或以其他方式操作传感器装置300的消费者可接合按钮346，以及用于指示传感器装置300的操作方面的面向护理人员的光源348。按钮346或类似的可接合特征结构可用于多个任务。例如，如果制品的穿着者已经肠运动，则按钮346可最初被激活以用于从节能模式“唤醒”传感器和/或在更换吸收制品时由护理人员手动激活。经由按钮346或类似可接合特征结构的动作对肠运动确认可通过传感器装置传送到通信模块，以用于跟踪穿着者的肠运动历史的时间、频率或其他方面。本领域的技术人员将会理解，可在传感器装置中采用单个电路板，以及除图14所示之外的其他数量的电路板。
图14包括示出如何操纵示例性传感器装置300的两个箭头，其中电路板313和315在添加传感器外壳310之前折叠到电路板312上，如图15所示。面向护理人员的表面350示于图15中，其中按钮346为可见的，并且光源348为可见的。
图16示出了传感器装置300的面向制品的表面360。注意，内部部件在图16中未如它们在图15中那样示出。相反，图16示出了传感器外壳310中的窗口362，以允许成对的光源322、344和光学传感器320、342正确地操作，尤其是当传感器外壳310不透明时。面向制品的表面360还包括用于BM传感器338的端口364和用于温度相对湿度传感器340的端口366以正确操作。最后，示例性传感器装置300包括用于接合一次性吸收制品上的纤维材料的钩材料贴片370。
包括多于一种传感器类型的许多现有技术系统将针对每种传感器类型采用单独的传感器外壳。这可能是不利的，因为它可能需要多个物品与制品附接和从制品分离，这是麻烦的并且可能增加错误。因此，将多个传感器整合到单个传感器外壳中可能是高度期望的。然而，此类传感器外壳的总体尺寸或占有面积可随着功能增加而变大。并且虽然相对较大的传感器装置和附带的传感器外壳可用于附接到衣物制品如连体衣上，但用于附接到小尺寸一次性吸收制品(例如，新生儿尺寸、或1号或2号尿布)的可用面积相当有限。在本公开的一些形式中，传感器装置在单个传感器外壳内包括发射器、电池、以及三个、四个、五个或更多个传感器，所述传感器外壳可附接在25cm2或20cm2或更小的吸收制品面积内。该面积或传感器“占有面积”可以许多不同的方式来测定，包括将传感器附接到吸收制品上、用标记物围绕传感器的周边画线、移除传感器、然后进行图像分析以测定所画线内的面积。在本公开的这些或其他形式中，传感器外壳内的相邻电子部件之间的中心至中心距离不超过2.0cm、1.5cm、1.0cm、0.8cm或0.5cm。在其他形式中，相邻电子部件到印刷电路板或其他基板的附接点之间的距离可不超过20mm、10mm、8mm、5mm、4mm、3mm或2mm。
虽然在给定面积/体积内采用尽可能多的不同电子部件来增加传感器装置功能可能是有利的，但本公开的传感器装置中的至少一些能够从吸收制品移除。并且如果可移除，则传感器装置必须符合安全法规，包括被销售用于婴儿和未成年人的产品的小部分法规。窒息是该营销空间中产品所关注的问题之一。美国联邦法规(“CFR”)16号1501.4定义了气缸测试设备，并且产品必须能够完全适配在该测试气缸内以符合规定。本文所述的一些传感器装置具有多种监控能力，但其尺寸和构造被设定成不完全适配在气缸测试设备内。为了安全方便地处理传感器装置，可能有用的是，婴儿应用中的传感器装置具有至少3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm或更大，并且通常小于15cm的长度和1cm、2cm、3cm或4cm，并且通常小于8cm的宽度。示例性传感器装置的厚度为约0.2cm至约1.5cm的那些。对于学步儿童或成人的应用，传感器装置的尺寸可相同或更大。
在一种形式中，传感器装置包括呈电池形式的电源、发射器、多个光学传感器(例如，颜色传感器)、多个光源(例如，LED)、加速度计和任选地VOC传感器。如上所述，传感器装置附接到包括润湿指示标记的吸收制品，使得光源可将光引导到润湿指示标记上。当穿着者排尿到吸收制品中时，润湿指示标记改变外观(例如，改变颜色)。光学传感器测量来自润湿指示标记的反射光以感测何时发生排尿事件。可采用多对面向吸收制品的光源和光学传感器来感测润湿指示标记在沿指示标记的不同点处的变化以确认已发生了排尿事件，或预测尿液体积和/或已发生的排尿事件的数目。然后可将来自光学传感器的信号传输到数据处理模块。加速度计用于跟踪与睡眠和清醒时间相关联的数据。清醒数据可包括清醒喂食运动数据和清醒非喂食运动，并且发明人已发现如何区分这两者。加速度计能够感测母乳喂养时间并提供一个人的右乳房和左乳房的喂养信息。并且任选的VOC传感器可感测肠运动并经由发射器传送指示所述肠运动的信号。
数据采集模块还可包含辅助装置，该辅助装置虽然不一定与婴儿或患者紧密相关联，但可获得关于婴儿/患者的状态和/或其环境的数据和信息，和/或影响其环境。仅以举例的方式，数据采集模块可包含摄像头、光源、音频装置(包括扬声器和/或麦克风)、一氧化碳传感器、烟雾检测器、湿度装置和温度装置。
III.数据处理模块
数据处理模块可包括数据传输、数据存储、数据解释、数据过滤和/或数据操纵，以将来自数据收集模块的数据转换成消费者可理解的与个体的健康状况相关的信息，包括例如喂食、睡觉和/或排泄。数据处理模块可包括用于解析/过滤所接收的数据的算法。数据处理可由一个或多个装置在相同或不同的位置中实现。例如，传感器装置可任选地采用存储装置来临时存储数据。临时存储数据的一个原因是当传感器装置和远程数据处理模块部件和/或信息通信模块之间的通信不可用时。
传感器装置还可任选地采用数据处理器，以用于在基于原始数据传输数据/信息之前，处理来自与传感器装置相关联的一个或多个传感器的原始数据。这可减少从传感器装置传输的数据/信息的量，从而减少所需的功率量和伴随的电磁辐射发射。
IV.信息通信模块
通信模块包括软件应用程序，该软件应用程序能够在计算机装置上操作以显示与通过数据收集模块获得的数据相关的信息，包括经由数据处理模块转换的数据。计算机装置可以为智能电话，如图2所示，但是其他计算机装置诸如膝上型电脑、平板电脑、数字助理(例如，ALEXA和GOOGLE HOME)可用于将信息传送给一个或多个护理人员。
V.系统和套件
传感器装置和包括该传感器装置的系统可形成消费者可购买套件的一部分。一种示例性套件包括如本文所述的两个或更多个传感器装置、摄像头、可容纳该传感器装置的多个吸收制品、以及对用于查看从该传感器装置和一个或多个任何其他辅助数据收集装置流出的数据和信息的软件应用程序的访问。还可向消费者提供订阅，所述订阅提供对附加吸收制品、传感器装置的递送，和/或对软件应用程序的继续访问和操作。例如，订阅可包括每两周自动递送多个吸收制品连同用于继续操作软件应用程序的代码或其他机制。订阅可与消费者的肯定行动请求一起生效，或者作为自动递送订单生效，该自动递送订单以设定的重复发生的计划表递送产品，直到计划表达到预先确定的终点，或者由消费者更改或中止。类似于上述订阅示例，吸收制品的包装可在实体位置出售，其中包装包含用于操作软件应用程序的代码以查看从根据本公开的传感器装置接收的数据和信息。
图17示出了示例性套件400，其包括多个吸收制品402、两个传感器装置404、摄像头406、和两个摄像头对接底座408。
传感器装置自身也可供出售，所述传感器装置将包括关于如何将传感器装置与一次性吸收制品相关联的信息。
虽然讨论集中于婴儿和患者，但本发明的系统也适用于老年人护理。与此类系统相关联的传感器能够与老年人的皮肤、耐用内衣、一次性吸收制品、床材料、床垫和/或衣物制品相关联。
本申请要求于2018年8月27日提交的美国临时专利申请62/723,179、2018年5月4日提交的美国临时专利申请62/666,989和2018年11月30日提交的美国临时专利申请62/773,401的权益，这些临时专利申请的全部内容均以引用方式并入本文。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反，除非另外指明，否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如，公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制，本文中引用的每一篇文献，包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利，均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用均不是承认其为本文公开的或受权利要求书保护的任何公开内容的现有技术、或承认其独立地或以与任何其他一个或多个参考文献的任何组合的方式提出、建议或公开任何此类公开内容。此外，当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时，应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本公开的具体形式，但是对于本领域技术人员来说明显的是，在不脱离本公开的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其他变化和修改。应当理解，其他形式可包括给定图中所示的或多或少的每个元件。此外，所示元件中的一些可被组合或省略。此外，示例性形式可包括附图中未示出的元件。本文所公开的各个方面和形式是出于说明的目的，并非旨在进行限制，其中真实范围和实质由以下权利要求书指示。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于监控婴儿基本需求的系统；所述系统包括：
a.数据采集模块，所述数据采集模块包括多次使用传感器装置，所述多次使用传感器装置包括传感器外壳、设置在所述传感器外壳上或所述传感器外壳内的两个或更多个传感器、设置在所述传感器外壳上或所述传感器外壳内的发射器、以及设置在所述传感器外壳内的电池，所述传感器外壳能够与一次性吸收制品相关联和分离；
b.关于如何将所述传感器外壳与一次性吸收制品相关联的信息；以及
c.通信模块，所述通信模块包括软件应用程序，所述软件应用程序使得与排泄、和喂食和/或睡眠相关的信息能够基于包括来自所述两个或更多个传感器的数据的数据经由计算机装置传送给护理人员；
d.其中与喂食和/或睡眠相关的所述信息来源于所述两个或更多个传感器中的一者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中与排泄相关的所述信息涉及排尿事件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中与排泄相关的所述信息涉及肠运动事件。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其中所述两个或更多个传感器包括用于感测排尿事件的湿度传感器。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其中所述两个或更多个传感器包括运动传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述两个或更多个传感器包括光学传感器和加速度计。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其中所述数据采集模块还包括摄像头。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述发射器和所述摄像头能够彼此通信。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，还包括设置在所述传感器外壳内的数据处理器和/或过滤器，所述数据处理器和/或过滤器能够在由所述发射器传输之前转换来自所述两个或更多个传感器中的至少一者的数据。
10.根据前述权利要求1中任一项所述的系统，还包括多个一次性吸收制品。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述多个一次性吸收制品中的每一个包括底片层和离散的材料条带，所述离散的材料条带设置在所述底片层的外侧以用于将所述传感器外壳与其附接。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，还包括多个一次性吸收制品和摄像头。
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