CN111990477A - 一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990477A CN111990477A CN202010805013.1A CN202010805013A CN111990477A CN 111990477 A CN111990477 A CN 111990477A CN 202010805013 A CN202010805013 A CN 202010805013A CN 111990477 A CN111990477 A CN 111990477A
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- starch
- solution
- vegetable oil
- water
- waxy
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将分子量6000‑10000kda的蜡质淀粉加入水中,加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;(2)将明胶加入水中,加热溶解,得到溶液B;(3)在溶液B加入溶液A,降温,搅拌均匀后,加入稳定剂,进行剪切均质,得到水包水Pickering乳液;(4)将Pickering乳液冷却使A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在水中透析以除去明胶,随后通过乙醇沉淀干燥得到多孔淀粉;(5)将植物油与多孔淀粉进行混合,并快速搅拌,随后通过真空干燥得到淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。本发明实现了植物油的缓慢释放、提高了生物利用度,有效抑制了氧化反应的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于淀粉包合物制备的技术领域,具体涉及基于水包水Pickering乳液的植物油-淀粉复合物的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
植物油如山茶油,橄榄油,荷荷巴油,乳木果油、五味子油等富含油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸,膳食中不饱和脂肪酸的摄入,可有效地降低心脑血管、动脉粥样硬化等疾病风险,此外,植物油脂含有VE、磷脂、角鲨烯(橄榄油和米糠油中含量较高)、植物甾醇(玉米油中含量较高)、多酚等多种天然活性物质,具有较高的营养价值。然而,植物油易氧化酸败生成氢过氧化物,并进一步裂解为低分子的醛、酮类物质,使得植物油脂风味受损、附加值降低;此外,氧化过程的自由基链式反应产生大量脂质自由基,易对人体细胞结构和功能造成破坏,因而可考虑采用有效的稳态化技术实现其保存与活性成分的稳定输送,从而增强生物利用度。
由于多孔淀粉有较高的抗压缩强度,以及有较高的吸油量的特点,同时又安全无毒,可以在食品工业中使用,因而可用多孔淀粉吸附植物油,起到缓释和提升植物油生物利用度的作用。然而,传统多孔淀粉往往由糖化酶和α-淀粉酶酶解制备。一方面,昂贵的酶价格提升了多孔淀粉的生产成本;另一方面,由于淀粉酶对颗粒降解速度远慢于对糊化淀粉降解速度,因此,酶解效率偏低,酶的利用率低下。因此,寻找一种非酶解工艺,更加快速、廉价生产多孔淀粉将至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是利用水包水Pickering乳液结构和蜡质淀粉与明胶热力学不相容性,设计一种多孔淀粉并将其包覆植物油,以实现植物油的缓慢释放、提升植物油的生物利用度的技术问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述的方法制备的一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将分子量6000-10000kda的蜡质淀粉加入水中,充分震荡后进行加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将明胶加入水中,充分震荡后进行加热溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的明胶溶液B加入步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉溶液A,降温,搅拌均匀后,加入稳定剂,进行剪切均质,得到水包水Pickering乳液;所述稳定剂为琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液冷却使A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在水中透析以除去明胶,随后通过乙醇沉淀干燥得到多孔淀粉;
(5)将植物油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并快速搅拌,随后通过真空干燥得到淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。
优选地,步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉的分子量为8000±1000kda,质量分数为15-30%;步骤(1)所述加热的温度为80-100℃。
优选地,步骤(2)所述的明胶分子量在50-60kda,质量分数为10-20%;步骤(2)所述加热的温度为60-70℃。
优选地,步骤(3)稳定剂为辛烯基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉、十二烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉以及十六烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉的一种或多种;稳定剂添加量占总溶液质量的3-5%。
优选地,步骤(3)所述的A溶液与B溶液的体积比为3-5:1,搅拌温度为55-65℃;所述剪切的速度为10000-20000rpm,时间为1-3min。
优选地,步骤(4)所述透析的膜截流分子量为60-100kd,透析时间为2-4天;所述乙醇沉淀的工艺为水凝胶滴入乙醇的速度为1-3滴/s,乙醇与水凝胶的体积比为3-5:1。
优选地,步骤(5)中植物油与多孔淀粉混合的质量比为0.1-0.5:1;步骤(5)中所述搅拌速度200-300rpm,搅拌时间为30-60min。
优选地,步骤(4)所述的冷却温度为4-6℃;所述的乙醇干燥工艺为30-40℃,12-24h。
优选地,步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉的种类为蜡质玉米淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉的一种或多种;步骤(5)中植物油为山茶油,橄榄油,荷荷巴油,乳木果油、五味子油的一种或多种;所述真空干燥的条件为25-35℃,12-24h。
一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物,通过上述任一项所述的方法制备得到。
本发明建立于以下基础上:(1)蜡质淀粉与明胶在水溶液中的热力学不相容性为水包水乳液的形成奠定可能。(2)以琥珀酸酐作为酯化剂,通过其与淀粉羟基之间发生酯化反应,将疏水长链接枝到淀粉颗粒表面,从而使得小颗粒藜麦淀粉疏水性增加,使其具备更好乳化能力,为稳定水包水Pickering乳液提供可能。(3)通过小分子聚合物的选择性透析,使得乳液内相明胶分子析出。通过脱水操作使内相镂空,形成以外相蜡质淀粉为主要成分的多孔淀粉微囊结构。(4)在对植物油的吸附过程中,良好的多孔结构和疏水化的藜麦淀粉颗粒增强了多孔淀粉微囊对植物油的物理吸附以及疏水结合,为形成稳定的植物油-淀粉复合物提供可能。
本发明相对于现有技术有如下优点及效果:
1)通过水包水Pickering乳液技术实现了非酶解工艺制备多孔淀粉微囊,条件温和,操作简便。
2)相比于传统酶解法制备的多孔淀粉,本专利技术更好地实现了植物油的缓慢释放、提高了生物利用度,有效地抑制氧化反应的发生。
附图说明
图1为实施例1-4与酶法制备的淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物累积释放率测定结果图,a-传统酶法制备淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物,b-实施例2,c-实施例1,d-实施例3,e-实施例4。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。本发明所用酶均购自sigma公司。
琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒的具体步骤:将藜麦淀粉与蒸馏水按质量分数1:10混合形成淀粉乳。随后,用NaOH调节淀粉乳的pH,使其保持在8~9。在搅拌下逐渐滴加琥珀酸酯的乙醇溶液(5%wt)使反应均匀。反应在25~35℃的温度下进行,直至溶液的pH稳定。然后产物经过体积比为1:1乙醇/水混合液洗涤、干燥、研磨得到产品。
实施例1
(1)将分子量为10000kda的蜡质玉米淀粉加入到去离子水中,配成质量分数为30%的淀粉悬浊液,充分震荡后进行100℃下加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将分子量为60kda的明胶加入到去离子中,配成质量分数为20%的悬浊液,充分震荡后,加热至70℃溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的明胶溶液B按体积比为1:5加入步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉溶液A,降温至65℃,搅拌均匀后,加入质量分数为5%的辛烯基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒稳定剂,在20000rpm下剪切均质3min,得到水包水Pickering乳液;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液置于聚四氟乙烯容器中,并在6℃下冷却使乳液中的A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在去离子水中用100kd的透析膜透析4天以除去明胶分子,随后将水凝胶以3滴/s的速度滴入5倍水凝胶体积的乙醇进行沉淀,并在40℃下干燥24h得到多孔淀粉。
(5)按质量比0.5:1,将山茶油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并在300rpm下快速搅拌60min,随后在35℃下通过真空干燥24h得到最后样品。
实施例2
(1)将分子量为6000kda的蜡质木薯淀粉加入到去离子水中,配成质量分数为15%的淀粉悬浊液,充分震荡后进行80℃下加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将分子量为50kda的明胶加入到去离子中,配成质量分数为10%的悬浊液,充分震荡后,加热至60℃溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的明胶溶液B按体积比为1:3加入步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉溶液A,降温至55℃,搅拌均匀后,加入质量分数为3%的十二烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒稳定剂,在10000rpm下剪切均质1min,得到水包水Pickering乳液;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液置于聚四氟乙烯容器中,并在4℃下冷却使乳液中的A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在去离子水中用60kd的透析膜透析2天以除去明胶分子,随后将水凝胶以1滴/s的速度滴入3倍水凝胶体积的乙醇进行沉淀,并在30℃下干燥12h得到多孔淀粉。
(5)按质量比0.1:1,将橄榄油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并在200rpm下快速搅拌30min,随后在25℃下通过真空干燥12h得到最后样品。
实施例3
(1)将分子量为8000kda的蜡质马铃薯淀粉加入到去离子水中,配成质量分数为20%的淀粉悬浊液,充分震荡后进行90℃下加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将分子量为55kda的明胶加入到去离子中,配成质量分数为15%的悬浊液,充分震荡后,加热至65℃溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的明胶溶液B按体积比为1:4加入步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉溶液A,降温至60℃,搅拌均匀后,加入质量分数为4%的十六烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒稳定剂,在15000rpm下剪切均质2min,得到水包水Pickering乳液;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液置于聚四氟乙烯容器中,并在5℃下冷却使乳液中的A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在去离子水中用80kd的透析膜透析3天以除去明胶分子,随后将水凝胶以2滴/s的速度滴入4倍水凝胶体积的乙醇进行沉淀,并在35℃下干燥18h得到多孔淀粉。
(5)按质量比0.3:1,将荷荷巴油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并在250rpm下快速搅拌40min,随后在30℃下通过真空干燥18h得到最后样品。
实施例4
(1)将分子量为8000kda的蜡质玉米淀粉加入到去离子水中,配成质量分数为15%的淀粉悬浊液,充分震荡后进行80℃下加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将分子量为50kda的明胶加入到去离子中,配成质量分数为10%的悬浊液,充分震荡后,加热至70℃溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的明胶溶液B按体积比为1:5加入步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉溶液A,降温至55℃,搅拌均匀后,加入质量分数为5%的十二烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒稳定剂,在10000rpm下剪切均质1min,得到水包水Pickering乳液;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液置于聚四氟乙烯容器中,并在4℃下冷却使乳液中的A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在去离子水中用80kd的透析膜透析3天以除去明胶分子,随后将水凝胶以1滴/s的速度滴入3倍水凝胶体积的乙醇进行沉淀,并在30℃下干燥12h得到多孔淀粉。
(5)按质量比0.1:1,将五味子油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并在250rpm下快速搅拌40min,随后在25℃下通过真空干燥24h得到最后样品。
酶法制备淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。准确称量20g生玉米淀粉加入到250mL的锥形瓶中,加入pH值为5.6的0.2mol/L的Na2HPO4-0.1mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液40mL,加入两滴甲苯(防止淀粉粘壁),加入适当稀释的糖化酶、耐高温α-淀粉液,在60℃恒温下150rpm振荡反应24h后,取出,加入去离子水至250mL,在室温下沉降,弃去上清液,沉淀在60℃下常压干燥,粉碎。按质量比0.1:1,将五味子油与多孔淀粉进行混合,并在250rpm下快速搅拌40min,随后在25℃下通过真空干燥24h得到最后样品。
累计释放率测定方法:
先分别用pH为1,2,3,4的含有100mg/L胃蛋白酶的模拟胃液在37℃处理样品0.5h,然后将样品取出,用纸巾吸干水分,擦去介质,用含有100mg/L胰蛋白酶的缓冲液(pH7.4)再处理14h模拟肠道环境。在预定的时间间隔,从模拟肠液中收集5mL的样品,并用等量的模拟肠液代替。收集的样品在3000rpm离心20min,,用气相色谱法测定植物油浓度。使用以下公式计算累积释放率(Q)
Ci是第i次测定的浓度,Vi是5ml,Cn是最终的浓度,V是模拟肠液的体积,W是多孔淀粉复合物中含有的脂肪酸总质量。
从图1中可以看出,模拟胃液中Q值非常低,说明模拟胃液中所载植物油受到了多孔淀粉的保护,抑制了其释放。Q值在初始8小时内快速升高,随后由于接近平衡状态,Q值缓慢升高,说明各样品在模拟小肠环境中释放持续。值得注意的是,通过本发明制备的样品的累积释放率较高,尤其是实施例3和4都在70%以上,而传统酶法制备淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物的释放率不到50%,表明本专利对于植物油的缓释应用上更具优势。
氧化性能测定:
通过碘量法测定过氧化值评定植物油的氧化稳定性。将复合物样品研磨碎,倒入无水乙醇溶液中,超声提取1h得到被包覆的植物油。准确称取植物油样品于碘量瓶中,加30mL氯仿-冰乙酸混合液,使样品完全溶解,加入1mL饱和碘化钾溶液,盖紧,轻轻振摇0.5min,置暗处3min。取出加入100mL锥形瓶,摇匀,立即用0.002mol/L硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定至淡黄色,加1mL淀粉指示剂,继续滴定至蓝色小时。同时做空白(不加样品,其余同)。计算公式为:
式中:
V1:样品实验时消耗硫代硫酸钠标准滴定溶液体积,mL
V2:空白试验时消耗硫代硫酸钠标准滴定溶液体积,mL
c:Na2S2O3标准溶液的浓度,mol/L
0.1269:1.00mmol碘的质量,g
m:试样质量,g
表1氧化性能测定实验结果
从表1结果中看出:(1)随时保存时间的增加,所有样品中植物油的过氧化值都有所增加,说明植物油都发生了不同程度的氧化(2)实施例1~4中的植物油的过氧化值增幅明显小于传统酶解法制备多孔淀粉中植物油脂的过氧化值增幅,说明实施例的方法制备的多孔淀粉能够较好的保护所包埋的植物油,有效地抑制氧化反应的发生。
生物利用率测定
通过体外模拟实验同时研究进食和空腹状态下样品植物油的生物利用率。由于样品中的主要成分是油脂,因此只需配置肠道模拟缓冲液即可。进食状态下小肠液中的胆汁盐和磷脂含量比空腹状态下稍高,具体配比见表2。
表2模拟小肠液配比表
向5ml空腹/进食两种缓冲液中加入1g胰脂肪酶后离心即可得到模拟肠液。注意模拟肠液需放置在冰上保存。样品的脂解实验:取样品0.25g,加入1ml的模拟肠液和9ml空腹/进食缓冲液,脂解实验开始。在37±1℃的振荡器中恒温三十分钟后,使用0.25mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节脂解后样品的pH值至7.50±0.02。脂解之后的样品在10000rpm下离心20min,然后用0.22μm的水相滤膜过滤,滤液用气相色谱法测定植物油含量。
表3生物利用率测定结果
通过体外模拟实验对进食和空腹状态下样品植物油的生物利用率进行测定发现,通过本发明制备的淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物不管是在空腹状态下还是在进食状态下,其植物油的生物利用率都优于酶解法制备的淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。
Claims (10)
1.一种淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将分子量6000-10000kda的蜡质淀粉加入水中,加热搅拌使其完全糊化,得到溶液A;
(2)将明胶加入水中,加热溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)在步骤(2)所述的溶液B加入溶液A,降温,搅拌均匀后,加入稳定剂,进行剪切均质,得到水包水Pickering乳液;所述稳定剂为琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)所述Pickering乳液冷却使A、B溶液溶胀形成水凝胶,随后在水中透析以除去明胶,随后通过乙醇沉淀干燥得到多孔淀粉;
(5)将植物油与步骤(4)制备的多孔淀粉进行混合,并快速搅拌,随后通过真空干燥得到淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉的分子量为8000±1000kda,质量分数为15-30%;步骤(1)所述加热的温度为80-100℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的明胶分子量在50-60kda,质量分数为10-20%;步骤(2)所述加热的温度为60-70℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)稳定剂为辛烯基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉、十二烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉以及十六烷基琥珀酸酯改性藜麦淀粉的一种或多种;稳定剂添加量占总溶液质量的3-5%。
5.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的A溶液与B溶液的体积比为3-5:1,搅拌温度为55-65℃;所述剪切的速度为10000-20000rpm,时间为1-3min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述透析的膜截流分子量为60-100kd,透析时间为2-4天;所述乙醇沉淀的工艺为水凝胶滴入乙醇的速度为1-3滴/s,乙醇与水凝胶的体积比为3-5:1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中植物油与多孔淀粉混合的质量比为0.1-0.5:1;步骤(5)中所述搅拌速度200-300rpm,搅拌时间为30-60min。
8.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的冷却温度为4-6℃;所述的乙醇干燥工艺为30-40℃,12-24h。
9.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的蜡质淀粉的种类为蜡质玉米淀粉、蜡质木薯淀粉、蜡质马铃薯淀粉的一种或多种;步骤(5)中植物油为山茶油,橄榄油,荷荷巴油,乳木果油、五味子油的一种或多种;所述真空干燥的条件为25-35℃,12-24h。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述方法制备得到的淀粉基稳态化植物油复合物。
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