CN111990149A - Method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana fine-quality full-crown engineering seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana fine-quality full-crown engineering seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana fine-quality full-crown engineering seedlings, which comprises the steps of pouring cement columns at two ends of a planting row, pulling steel wire ropes between the columns, and fixing the steel wire ropes at the tops of the columns; planting nursery stocks in spring, erecting bamboo poles beside planting holes, fixing the tops of the bamboo poles on a steel wire rope, selecting one to two-year-old Tilia miqueliana seedlings with bare roots, adding slurry into rooting powder aqueous solution to dip roots, covering soil and treading the soil, wherein the nursery stocks and the steel wire rope are positioned at two sides of the bamboo poles; watering thoroughly root fixing water for two consecutive days after field planting; binding new tips of the growing season on bamboo poles every 15cm, and removing terminal buds on side branches larger than 20 cm; and (3) removing the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk in autumn, and trimming the lateral branches at the upper part according to the principle of 'strength control and weakness control'. The invention improves the existing nanjing linden engineering seedling cultivation technology, and solves the problems of weak erectness, poor trunk type of finished seedlings and insufficient crown of the nanjing linden during the seedling stage; the method has simple and easy steps and low cost, is easy to be accepted by producers, and is beneficial to production, popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana Miqueliana extract full-crown engineering seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of seedling planting.
Background
Tilia miqueliana is a special local tree species in China, belongs to a tall arbor, has the height of 20 meters, and is an important economic tree species integrating timber, fiber, medicine, honey source, appreciation and culture inheritance. The natural distribution range of the Tilia miqueliana is from north to the dormitory state of Anhui, from south to the Taizhou of Zhejiang, from east to the Zhoushan of Zhejiang and from west to the Huangshan of Anhui, and the Tilia miqueliana is introduced and planted successfully in Beijing and the northeast, has stronger adaptability and vigorous growth, is an excellent native tree species, and has wide application value and market prospect. The Tilia miqueliana has the advantages of straight and round trunk, wide and dense crown, strong flower fragrance, peculiar bract and easy trimming and modeling, and can be used as a good landscaping tree species.
In recent years, with the change of garden industry patterns and the upgrading and upshifting, the requirement of the top-quality full-crown seedlings of suitable native tree species is vigorous. The native tree species is domesticated and applied for a long time and is completely adapted to local climatic environment, and the application in gardens is beneficial to improving the landscaping survival rate and the ecological benefit. Compared with the cut stem seedlings existing in the market for a long time, the full-crown seedlings have the characteristics of proper height-diameter ratio, robust plants, complete and full tree crowns, less plant diseases and insect pests, high ecological benefit and the like. Therefore, the full-crown seedlings of the native tree species with good posture and beautiful plant type are not only the direction of seedling cultivation in the future, but also the direction of the seedling market.
The native tree species Tilia miqueliana gradually enters the field of view of the nursery stock industry due to the excellent biological characteristics of the native tree species Tilia miqueliana. Tilia miqueliana has limited cultivation resources in Jiangsu province and even nationwide, and the seedling culture and cultivation work is still in the initial stage. As is well known, the traditional nursery stock cultivating method includes the steps of land preparation, bed setting, fixed-distance planting, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning, nursery stock outplanting and the like. Because the seedling stage self-standing performance of Tilia miqueliana Maxim is not strong, the base sprout is vigorous, the top end advantage is not obvious, the lateral bud sprouting capability is strong, in addition, the genetic background of Tilia miqueliana Maxim is complex, the generation period is long, the genetic improvement difficulty of the plant type is large, the consumed time is long, the traditional cultivation method is very easy to generate the conditions of multiple trunks or unobvious trunks, the seedling stage is inclined and lodging, the branches are not uniform, the crown is not rounded, the ornamental quality of the nursery stock is seriously influenced, and the application of Tilia miqueliana Maxim in the garden greening is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems of weak erectness, poor seedling dryness and less full crown of the finished Tilia miqueliana Maxim in the seedling stage, and provides a method for cultivating the refined full crown engineering seedlings of Tilia miqueliana Maxim.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-quality full-crown engineering seedlings, which comprises the steps of pouring cement columns at two ends of a planting row, pulling steel wire ropes between the columns, and fixing the steel wire ropes at the tops of the columns; planting nursery stocks in spring, erecting bamboo poles beside planting holes, fixing the tops of the bamboo poles on a steel wire rope, selecting one to two-year-old Tilia miqueliana seedlings with bare roots, adding slurry into rooting powder aqueous solution to dip roots, covering soil and treading the soil, wherein the nursery stocks and the steel wire rope are positioned at two sides of the bamboo poles; watering thoroughly root fixing water for two consecutive days after field planting; binding new tips of the growing season on bamboo poles every 15cm, and removing terminal buds on side branches larger than 20 cm; and (3) removing the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk in autumn, and trimming the lateral branches at the upper part according to the principle of 'strength control and weakness control'.
Preferably, a land with flat terrain, deep soil, good water drainage and moderate pH value is selected before planting, and the pH value of the land is 6.5-7.5.
Preferably, in autumn or winter of the previous year of field planting, clearing and deep ploughing the nursery land for 25cm, and applying 30-45 t/hm of organic base fertilizer2。
Preferably, the row spacing of the planted plants is (1.5-2.0 m) × (2.0-3.0 m), the height of a cement column is 2.5-3 m, the buried depth is more than 50cm, the diameter of a tree pit is 30-40 cm, the depth is 25-30 cm, the diameter of a bamboo pole is 6-8 cm, the height is more than 3.5m, and the buried depth is more than 40 cm.
Preferably, 3-5 days after field planting, the distance between seedling rows is 15-20 cm from the groundSpraying 0.1-0.2% of acetochlor, wherein the application amount of the acetochlor in a pure product is 900-1200 ml/hm2(ii) a After spraying, two black mulching films with the thickness of 0.012-0.0018 mm are respectively paved on two sides of a seedling root coverage area and combined at the base of the stem.
Preferably, before sprouting in spring, selecting a full sprout with the top end of 10-20 cm, cutting off the sprout from a plain end about 1cm above the sprout, and sealing the cut sprout with vaseline; and (3) timely removing root sprouts in spring for 3-5 months, removing sprouts below 1/3 seedling height, and avoiding trunk bark damage during operation.
Preferably, after the leaves fall, pruning the lateral branches above 1/3 of the tree body to remove the dense branches; and heavy shearing is carried out on strong lateral branches, light shearing is carried out on weak branches, and tree crowns are cultivated year by year and are lifted to be dry.
Preferably, also include liquid manure management: watering and loosening soil in time according to soil entropy; the average time per half month in the growing season; the watering frequency is increased by high-temperature drought, and the watering frequency is reduced or not watered in rainy season; completely pouring and sealing the frozen water from 10 late ten days to 11 months in autumn; applying 75-100 kg/hm of ternary compound fertilizer in the ditch from the second year to the fourth year in the last 5 months every year after planting2Applying 1-1.5 t/hm of mature leaf-rotting fertilizer in the late 7 th month2(ii) a Meanwhile, spraying foliar fertilizer monopotassium phosphate for 2-3 times from beginning to beginning of 4 months and end of the month to 5 late ten days every year, wherein the concentration is less than 0.3%, the application amount is 15-45 kg/hm at intervals of 15 days2。
Preferably, the outplanting conditions are: 4-6 years after planting, the crown width of the nursery stock reaches 150-300 cm, the height of the tree reaches 3-5 m, and the diameter at breast height reaches 6-10 cm.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) pouring cement columns at two ends of the planting row, pulling steel wire ropes between the columns, fixing the steel wire ropes at the tops of the columns, erecting bamboo poles beside the planting holes, fixing the tops of the bamboo poles on the steel wire ropes, enabling the columns to be firmer, binding the bamboo poles at intervals of 15cm in a growing season, enabling the erectness of Tilia miqueliana in the seedling stage of Nanjing to be stronger and enabling the trunks to be straight.
(2) Removing terminal buds on the lateral branches larger than 20cm in growing seasons, removing the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk in autumn, and pruning the upper lateral branches according to the principle of strength control and weakening to ensure that the lateral branches are layered and the crown is full.
(3) And after planting, acetochlor is sprayed, and black mulching films are laid on two sides of a root system coverage area of the nursery stock after spraying, so that water volatilization is reduced, weed growth is inhibited, and the harm of diseases and pests is reduced.
(4) The invention improves the existing nanjing linden engineering seedling culture technology, and solves the problems of weak erectness, poor trunk type of finished seedlings and insufficient crown of the nanjing linden during the seedling stage; the method has simple and easy steps and low cost, is easily accepted by producers, and is beneficial to production, popularization and application; the cultivation method of the Tilia miqueliana competitive-quality full-crown engineering seedlings can obviously improve the tree height, crown width and branch height of seedlings, simultaneously promote the dry type and crown type and realize the qualified rate of outplanting of seedlings up to 85 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The invention provides a method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana essence original crown engineering, which comprises the following steps: selecting a land parcel; land preparation and fertilization; planting the upright columns; weeding and covering; removing sprouts; supporting the head and pruning; nourishing the crown and drying; managing water and fertilizer; and (4) planting technologies such as nursery stock outplanting and the like.
Selecting land parcels: selecting a plot which has flat terrain, deep soil layer, good drainage, moderate soil pH value and a pH value of 6.5-7.5 and has certain irrigation conditions.
Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing the nursery land for about 25cm in autumn or winter of the previous year of field planting, harrowing the nursery land, removing stones and weeds, harrowing the soil, and harrowing according to the ratio of 30-45 t/hm2Mixing organic fertilizer and leveling land; selecting a high bed, a low bed or a flat bed according to the rainfall condition of the area where the nursery is located, wherein the high bed is adopted in Nanjing areas, the height of the bed surface is 15-30 cm, the width sum of footpaths is 30-50 cm, the row spacing is equal to the sum of the widths of the footpaths and the length of the seedbed is 50-80 m.
And (3) field planting of the stand column: paying off and dotting according to the plant row spacing (1.5-2.0 m) x (2.0-3.0 m), pouring cement columns at two ends of the planting rows, wherein the height of each cement column is more than 2.5m and less than 3m, the burial depth is more than 50cm, drawing steel wire ropes between the columns, and fixing the steel wire ropes at the tops of the columns. Digging a tree pit at the dotting position, wherein the diameter of the tree pit is 30-40 cm, the depth of the tree pit is 25-30 cm, the diameter of the vertical bamboo pole is 6-8 cm, the height of the vertical bamboo pole is more than 3.5m, and the buried depth of the vertical bamboo pole is more than 30 cm; simultaneously, selecting one to two-year-old Tilia miqueliana seedlings with bare roots, adding a proper amount of slurry into 1.5-2.5 g/L ABT3 rooting powder aqueous solution for dipping roots, covering soil and treading the roots, fixing the seedlings and the steel wire ropes on two sides of a bamboo pole respectively, and watering root fixing water thoroughly for two consecutive days.
Weeding and film covering: 3-5 days after planting, spraying 0.1-0.2% of acetochlor at a position 15-20 cm away from the ground among nursery stock rows, wherein the application amount of pure acetochlor is 900-1200 ml/hm2(ii) a After spraying, two black mulching films with the thickness of 0.012-0.0018 mm are respectively paved on two sides of a seedling root coverage area and combined at the base of the stem.
Removing sprouts: before sprouting, selecting a full bud which is 10-20 cm away from the top end, cutting off the bud from a plain end at a position about 1cm above the bud, and sealing the bud by using vaseline; and (3) timely removing root sprouts in spring for 3-5 months, removing sprouts below 1/3 seedling height, and avoiding trunk bark damage during operation.
Supporting the head for trimming: when newly sprout to 20-30 cm in spring, binding the branches with cloth strips or binding tapes, wherein the distance between binding points and terminal buds is not more than 20-30 cm for every 15cm, and continuously operating in the whole growing season; removing terminal buds of the lateral branches of more than 20cm after 5-7 months, and performing the treatment for 1-2 times according to the principle of strength control and weakness control; after the leaves fall in winter, lateral branches below a tree body 1/3 and autumn sprouts are removed.
Nourishing the crown and extracting the stem: after the leaves fall, pruning the lateral branches above the 1/3 of the tree body to help the distribution uniformity of the branches and remove over-dense branches; and heavy shearing is carried out on strong lateral branches, light shearing is carried out on multiple weak branches, and the stems are lifted year by year for crown maintenance.
And (3) water and fertilizer management: watering and loosening soil in time according to soil entropy; the average time per half month in the growing season; the watering frequency can be properly increased by high-temperature drought, and the watering is reduced or not performed in rainy season; completely pouring and sealing the frozen water from 10 late ten days to 11 months in autumn; applying 75-100 kg/hm of ternary compound fertilizer in the ditch from the second year to the fourth year in the last 5 months every year after planting2In late 7 months, the cost for applying cured rotten leaves in the ditch is 1-1.5 t/hm2(ii) a At the same time, the first 4 months and the last month of the first summer each yearSpraying foliar fertilizer monopotassium phosphate for 2-3 times from middle ten to last 5 days, wherein the concentration is less than 0.3%, the interval is 15 days, and the total application amount is 15-45 kg/hm2。
And (3) outplanting the nursery stock: and 4-6 years after planting, taking out of the nursery when the crown width of the nursery stock can reach 150-300 cm, the height of the tree is 3-5 m and the diameter at breast height is 6-10 cm.
By improving the method for cultivating the tilia miqueliana seedlings, the problems of weak self-standing property, uneven seedlings, poor dry type and insufficient crown in the seedling stage of the tilia miqueliana are solved, and the outplanting qualification rate of the tilia miqueliana seedlings reaches over 95 percent.
Example 1
In 2015, 750m of planting area is constructed2(length 75m, width 10m), planting area: harrowing and applying 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer in the autumn of the first year before planting after deep ploughing for 25 cm; a high bed is arranged, the height of the bed is 30cm, the width of the seedbed is 1.5m, the width of a footpath between beds is 50cm, and the length of the seedbed is 75 m. Tilia miqueliana (250 plants) with the average height of 1.0-1.5 cm and the average ground diameter of 0.8-1 cm are selected for planting in spring of the same year, the plants are planted in a wide row mode according to a narrow plant of 1.5m multiplied by 2.0m, and rooting powder slurry is dipped in roots for planting; column between rows, stay wire rope, and bamboo pole while planting nursery stock in planting hole; after planting, 70ml of closed herbicide acetochlor (diluted to 0.1%) is sprayed, and black mulching film is covered. Before sprouting, topping and reserving full buds close to the top; after germination, even if the roots and the lower part of the plant height 1/3 are removed; binding is started after the new tip grows to 20cm, and the binding is carried out once every 15 cm; pinching the lateral branches larger than 20 cm; removing lateral branches of 2/3 trees in winter, trimming the lateral branches above 1/3 according to density and strength control, and raising crowns and lifting the trees year by year. Watering according to the soil moisture content, respectively applying 50kg of compound fertilizer and 80kg of organic fertilizer once in 5 months and 7 months, applying 1kg of foliar fertilizer in early summer, and applying the foliar fertilizer by 2-3 times (diluting to 0.3%).
Comparative example 1
In 2015, the planting area of the comparative example 1 is established near the example 1, and the nursery stock is cultivated according to LY/T2630-2016 Tilia miqueliana container seedling cultivation technical specification. The specific implementation steps are as follows: arranging a seedling raising field in a terrain flat area, compacting the field by using a machine, and paving a grass-proof ground fabric; selecting a container seedling substrate: the peat soil, the yellow core soil and the decomposed farmyard manure are mixed according to the proportion of 1:3:3, 2kg of compound fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of matrix, and phoxim is adopted for disinfecting the matrix. A nonwoven fabric cylindrical container (diameter 60cm, height 80cm) was selected. In 3 middle ten days to 4 early months in spring, 250 tilia miqueliana maxim seedlings with the same specification as that in example 1 are selected for planting, the main roots are cut during the planting process, the substrates are filled, compacted and watered. Watering in time according to soil moisture content in growing seasons of nursery stocks, and hole-applying urea twice in spring with 8g of each plant. According to the growth condition of the nursery stock, the container is flexibly moved to adjust the density of the nursery stock, the row spacing is slightly larger than the plant spacing, and the tree crowns are not crossed and shielded.
Comparative example 2
In 2015, 750m of planting area is constructed2And in the planting area: harrowing and applying 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer in the autumn of the first year before planting after deep ploughing for 25 cm; planting in a 1.5m × 2.0m narrow-plant wide-row mode, and dipping root-forming powder slurry in roots for planting; before germination in early spring, applying tips at 1 meter of original stems, controlling top growth, cutting off stems at 2-5 cm from the ground in autumn in the same year, applying 100kg of organic fertilizer in furrow between rows, picking leaves after new branches germinate in the second year, removing sprouts, selecting and reserving main stems, removing middle and lower sprout in time in the whole growing season, weeding periodically, watering according to soil moisture, and applying 100kg of compound fertilizer once in 5 months.
In 3-4 months of 2020, 20 seedlings are randomly selected in the planting center areas (edge effect removal) of example 1 and comparative example 2, and 20 container seedlings in comparative example 1 are simultaneously randomly selected to respectively measure the scores of the indexes of the chest diameter, the tree height, the crown width, the branch height and the trunk type (trunk type: 5 minutes, straight and full trunk, 4 minutes, straight and non-round trunk, 3 minutes, slightly bent and round trunk, 2 minutes, slightly bent and non-round trunk, 1-trunk with more than 2 obvious bends, branches: 4 minutes, fine branches, uniform crowns, 3 minutes, medium branches, uneven crowns, 2 minutes, medium branches, and uneven crowns, 1 minute, coarse branches (see table 1).
TABLE 1 statistics of basic tree-testing factors for standard wood individuals
Note: the nursery stock with the thick and underlined label in the table is unqualified nursery stock
TABLE 2 comparison of growth parameters of Tilia miqueliana Miqueliana of 5 years old in different planting modes
Note: a, b, c represent significance at the 0.05 level; a, B, C represent significance at the 0.01 level.
TABLE 3 Scoring statistics of 5-year-old Tilia miqueliana Miqueliana Maxim dry type under different planting modes
TABLE 4 Scoring statistics of 5-year-old Tilia miqueliana branches under different planting modes
Excel and R studio are adopted for data processing and analysis, and statistical results show that: the planting mode of the invention example 1 is adopted, and the height, the crown width and the under-branch height of the 5-year-old Tilia miqueliana Maxim are obviously higher than those of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 on the level of 0.05. See table 2).
And (3) displaying a dry index scoring result: the Tilia miqueliana dry type of the planting mode of the embodiment 1 of the invention has the score of more than 3 points, wherein the nursery stocks with the score of 5 points account for 50 percent; comparative example 1 the dry type score is more than or equal to 3, the nursery stock accounts for 60 percent, wherein the nursery stock accounts for 10 percent in 5 percent; comparative example 2 the nursery stocks with a dry score of 3 or more accounted for only 35% (see table 3).
The branch scoring results show: by adopting the planting method of the embodiment 1 of the invention, the seedlings with the score of more than or equal to 3 are 85 percent, wherein the seedlings with the score of 5 are 50 percent; comparative example 1 the seedlings with the branch score of more than or equal to 3 account for 65 percent, wherein the seedlings with the 5 points account for 15 percent; comparative example 2 the seedlings with the branch score of more than or equal to 3 account for only 45 percent, and the seedlings with the branch score of 5 are not shown (see table 4).
According to the indexes, the seedlings meeting the following three conditions (the diameter at breast height is more than 5.00cm, the dry type score is more than or equal to 3 points, and the branch score is more than or equal to 3 points) are initially determined as fine seedlings, wherein the qualification rate of the seedlings in 5 years by adopting the planting method of the embodiment 1 is 85 percent; the percent of pass of the nursery stock adopting the comparative example 1 is 50 percent, and the percent of pass of the nursery stock adopting the comparative example 2 is 30 percent (the unqualified nursery stock is shown in the table 1). Tilia miqueliana has the characteristics of light and soft trunk, elasticity, easy processing of wood and the like, but the characteristic determines the defects of poor uprightness and easy bending in the seedling stage. Therefore, the vertical growth of the Tilia miqueliana seedlings is ensured by adopting the technology of upright posts, head supporting, binding and the like in the growing season of the seedlings, and the vertical degree of the seedlings is improved to a certain extent; meanwhile, the apical dominance of Tilia miqueliana Maxim is not obvious, and lateral branches are easy to compete with the main head after germination, so that the high-stem tree form is cultured, therefore, terminal buds with inhibited growth are removed before germination, and full lateral buds near the apical end are selected for high-growth culture, so that the growth characteristics of Tilia miqueliana Maxim are fully followed, and the high seedling accumulation is facilitated; in addition, the sprouts and the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk are removed in time, so that the distribution of nutrients to the upper part of the tree body is ensured, and the accumulation of dry matters of the tree body and the crown part is facilitated; finally, in autumn and winter, the branches above 2/3 of the tree body are trimmed according to the principle of 'strength control and weakness control', which is beneficial to forming a reasonable and symmetrical crown structure, increasing the ventilation and transmittance of the tree body, improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the tree body in growing seasons and improving the growth rate of plants.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana fine-quality full-crown engineering seedlings is characterized in that cement columns are poured at two ends of a planting row, steel wire ropes are pulled among the columns, and the steel wire ropes are fixed at the tops of the columns; planting nursery stocks in spring, erecting bamboo poles beside planting holes, fixing the tops of the bamboo poles on a steel wire rope, selecting one to two-year-old Tilia miqueliana seedlings with bare roots, adding slurry into rooting powder aqueous solution to dip roots, covering soil and treading the soil, wherein the nursery stocks and the steel wire rope are positioned at two sides of the bamboo poles; watering thoroughly root fixing water for two consecutive days after field planting; binding new tips of the growing season on bamboo poles every 15cm, and removing terminal buds on side branches larger than 20 cm; and (3) removing the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk in autumn, and trimming the lateral branches at the upper part according to the principle of 'strength control and weakness control'.
2. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-product full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein before planting, a land with flat terrain, deep soil, good drainage and moderate pH value is selected, and the pH value of the land is 6.5-7.5.
3. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-product full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the nursery land is cleaned and deeply ploughed for 25cm in autumn or winter before field planting, and organic base fertilizer is applied for 30-45 t/hm2。
4. The cultivation method of Tilia miqueliana Maxim all-crown engineering seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting row spacing is (1.5-2.0 m) × (2.0-3.0 m), the height of the cement column is 2.5-3 m, the buried depth is more than 50cm, the diameter of the plant pit is 30-40 cm, the depth is 25-30 cm, the diameter of the bamboo rod is 6-8 cm, the height is more than 3.5m, and the buried depth is more than 40 cm.
5. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-product full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein 0.1-0.2% of acetochlor is sprayed between seedling rows at a distance of 15-20 cm from the ground 3-5 days after planting, and the application amount of pure acetochlor is 900-1200 ml/hm2(ii) a After spraying, two black mulching films with the thickness of 0.012-0.0018 mm are respectively arranged on the two mulching filmsThe two sides of the root system covering area of the seedling are paved and combined at the base part of the stem.
6. The cultivation method of Tilia miqueliana competitive-product full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein before sprouting in spring, a full bud with the top end of 10-20 cm is selected, and the bud is truncated at a plain end about 1cm above the bud and sealed by vaseline; and (3) timely removing root sprouts in spring for 3-5 months, removing sprouts below 1/3 seedling height, and avoiding trunk bark damage during operation.
7. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-product full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein after defoliation, lateral branches above 1/3 of a tree body are trimmed to remove excessive branches; and heavy shearing is carried out on strong lateral branches, light shearing is carried out on weak branches, and tree crowns are cultivated year by year and are lifted to be dry.
8. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-quality full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, further comprising water and fertilizer management: watering and loosening soil in time according to soil entropy; the average time per half month in the growing season; the watering frequency is increased by high-temperature drought, and the watering frequency is reduced or not watered in rainy season; completely pouring and sealing the frozen water from 10 late ten days to 11 months in autumn; applying 75-100 kg/hm of ternary compound fertilizer in the ditch from the second year to the fourth year in the last 5 months every year after planting2Applying 1-1.5 t/hm of mature leaf-rotting fertilizer in the late 7 th month2(ii) a Meanwhile, spraying foliar fertilizer monopotassium phosphate for 2-3 times from beginning to beginning of 4 months and end of the month to 5 late ten days every year, wherein the concentration is less than 0.3%, the application amount is 15-45 kg/hm at intervals of 15 days2。
9. The method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana competitive-quality full-crown engineering seedlings according to claim 1, wherein outplanting conditions are as follows: 4-6 years after planting, the crown width of the nursery stock reaches 150-300 cm, the height of the tree reaches 3-5 m, and the diameter at breast height reaches 6-10 cm.
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