CN111974438A - 一种介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 31
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法及应用。本发明通过在合成过程中直接加入Ni、Mo元素和扩孔剂,Ni、Mo元素使MCM‑48分子筛同时具备甲烷化和耐硫性能,扩孔剂使MCM‑48分子筛孔容孔径变大,使其具有更好的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化技术领域,具体涉及一种介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
天然气是一种高效清洁的能源。目前,天然气在世界一次能源中所占比例为24.3%。由于我国天然气资源及开发量的不足,天然气在一次能源中所占比例仅为4%左右,远低于世界平均水平。近几年,随着“陕气进京”、“西气东输”等国家级燃气输送工程的相继建成和投入使用,天然气的需求量呈爆发式增长,天然气的供需缺口也越来越大,而我国煤炭资源相对丰富,通过煤基合成气SNG是解决天然气供需矛盾的一条有效途径,煤制SNG项目成了我国继煤制油之后的煤化工领域新的投资热点。
Ni基催化剂具有很高的甲烷化活性,但Ni对S非常敏感,很容易被合成气中的硫化物毒化。而对Ni基催化剂而言,S中毒是致命并持久的,因为Ni对S的吸附很强烈,阻碍了反应物分子吸附而导致催化剂活性降低。因此Ni基催化剂要求原料气中S含量应低于0.1~0.01ppm。煤催化气化产生的合成气含有大量硫,因而在进行甲烷化之前,要对合成气进行高成本且脱硫钝化处理。
因此,低温化、耐热性、耐硫性等问题是现今甲烷化催化剂丞待解决的问题。目前,耐硫甲烷化反应所用的多为Mo基负载型催化剂,其本身甲烷化活性低,载体通常为惰性氧化物,通过添加各种元素来提高甲烷化活性。Mo基耐硫甲烷化催化剂要经过载体制备、活性负载、焙烧、成型等步骤,制备过程复杂。
MCM-48分子筛作为一种新型的介孔材料,因其高的比表面积和水热稳定性等优良的物理化学性质、有利于物料的传输及反应物分子扩散的特点,使其在催化领域有着重要的应用。通过在合成过程中直接加入Ni、Mo元素,使MCM-48分子筛同时具备甲烷化和耐硫性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种甲烷化活性高、稳定性优良的耐硫甲烷化介孔分子筛催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的特点是通过在合成过程中直接加入Ni、Mo元素和扩孔剂,Ni、Mo元素使MCM-48分子筛同时具备甲烷化和耐硫性能,扩孔剂使MCM-48分子筛孔容孔径变大,使其具有更好的稳定性。经过大量的试验,确定了最佳催化剂制备参数,催化剂制备过程简单。
本发明的主要技术方案:介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于催化剂采用水热晶化法制备介孔分子筛MCM-48,在合成过程中直接加入金属离子的盐溶液和扩孔剂。
一般地,所述金属离子的盐溶液为硝酸镍和钼酸铵的水溶液。
所属镍和钼的摩尔比为1~100。
所用扩孔剂为聚乙二醇、均三甲苯、尿素、癸烷、六次甲基四胺中的一种。
本发明催化剂一种典型的制备方法,通过如下步骤制得:1)采用水热晶化法制备介孔分子筛MCM-48,在合成过程中直接加入金属离子的盐溶液,取十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB溶于NaOH溶液,恒温加热,并在强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯TEOS、金属离子的盐溶液和扩孔剂,反应最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.001~1.0M:0.01~10.0TEOS: 1.0CTAB:0.01~ 10.0NaOH:1~100H2O,M为金属离子的盐溶液;2)将反应产物晶化,再经洗涤干燥,焙烧,即得到介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂。
所述扩孔剂与CTAB的摩尔比为1~10。
所述恒温水浴加热温度为60~100℃。。
所述晶化温度为80℃~200℃。
所述晶化时间为24h~120h。
所述焙烧温度为300℃~800℃。
所述焙烧时间为2h~12h。
本发明提供的催化剂用于甲烷化反应,反应条件为:压力2.0MPa、H2S:1000PPM,气体空速为10000h-1,温度450℃。
本发明的效果:采用本发明所制备的金属介孔分子筛MCM-48具有良好的耐硫甲烷化性能,催化剂稳定性好,制备过程相对简单。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法实施例3合成得到的MCM-48分子筛孔径分布图。
图2为本发明方法实施例3合成得到的MCM-48分子筛N2吸附脱附图。
图3为本发明方法实施例3合成得到的MCM-48分子筛XRD谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明。
对比例1
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS),反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB:5.0NaOH: 50H2O将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到不含金属的介孔分子筛MCM-48(A)。
对比例2
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到不含扩孔剂的金属介孔分子筛MCM-48(B)。
实施例1
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至60℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和聚乙二醇,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.001M:0.01TEOS:1.0CTAB:0.01NaOH:1H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为1。聚乙二醇与CTAB的摩尔比为1。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,80℃晶化24h,再经洗涤干燥,300℃恒温焙烧2h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅰ。
实施例2
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至100℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和聚乙二醇,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为1.0M: 10.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 10.0NaOH: 100H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为10。聚乙二醇与CTAB的摩尔比为10。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,200℃晶化120h,再经洗涤干燥,800℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅱ。
实施例3
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和聚乙二醇,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。聚乙二醇与CTAB的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅲ。
上述实施例合成得到的MCM-48分子筛孔径分布图见图1,N2吸附脱附图见图2,XRD谱图见图3。
实施例4
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和均三甲苯,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。均三甲苯与CTAB的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅳ。
实施例5
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和尿素,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。尿素与CTAB的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅴ。
实施例6
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和癸烷,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。癸烷与CTAB的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48Ⅵ。
实施例7
取10g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶于NaOH溶液,在恒温水浴中加热至80℃,强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、金属离子的盐溶液和六次甲基四胺,反应2h,最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.5M: 5.0TEOS:1.0CTAB: 5.0NaOH: 50H2O(M为金属离子的盐溶液)。镍和钼的摩尔比为5。六次甲基四胺与CTAB的摩尔比为5。将反应产物倒入高压晶化釜,140℃晶化72h,再经洗涤干燥,550℃恒温焙烧12h,即得到金属介孔分子筛MCM-48ⅤⅡ。
催化剂性能评价
催化剂A、B、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、ⅤⅡ分别装填在固定床管式反应器中,反应条件为:压力2.0MPa、气体组成H2 39.12,CH4 53.08,CO 1.18,CO2 6.30,N2 1.13,C2H6 1.93、H2S1000PPM,气体空速为10000h-1,450℃反应240h后,测试CO转化率。
催化剂的比表面积采用BET法分析、孔径、孔分布用BJH法分析。各项数据见表1。活性评价数据见表2。
表1催化剂各性能参数
表2催化剂耐硫甲烷化性能
型号 | CO转化率,% | CH<sub>4</sub>选择性,% |
A | - | - |
B | 32.5 | 40.3 |
Ⅰ | 85.7 | 85.9 |
Ⅱ | 79.9 | 80.1 |
Ⅲ | 86.2 | 83.5 |
Ⅳ | 83.1 | 84.3 |
Ⅴ | 86.1 | 88.2 |
Ⅵ | 85.7 | 84.7 |
ⅤⅡ | 85.6 | 81.8 |
由表1可以看出,对比例1得到的不含金属和扩孔剂的介孔分子筛MCM-48(A)孔体积和孔径偏小,对比例2得到的不含扩孔剂的介孔分子筛MCM-48(B)孔体积和孔径也偏小,采用本发明得到的催化剂Ⅰ~ⅤⅡ都具有较大的孔体积和孔径。
由表2可以看出,对比例1得到的不含金属和扩孔剂的介孔分子筛MCM-48(A)几乎没有甲烷化性能,对比例2得到的不含扩孔剂的介孔分子筛MCM-48(B)长时间运行后具有较低的甲烷化性能,说明催化剂的稳定性有待提高。采用本发明得到的催化剂Ⅰ~ⅤⅡ长时间运行后仍具有较高的甲烷化性能,说明催化剂具有很好的稳定性。
Claims (12)
1.一种介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于催化剂采用水热晶化法制备介孔分子筛MCM-48,在合成过程中直接加入金属离子的盐溶液和扩孔剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于金属离子的盐溶液为硝酸镍和钼酸铵的水溶液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于镍和钼的摩尔比为1~100。
4.根据权利要求1所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于所用扩孔剂为聚乙二醇、均三甲苯、尿素、癸烷、六次甲基四胺中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于催化剂通过如下步骤制得:1)采用水热晶化法制备介孔分子筛MCM-48,在合成过程中直接加入金属离子的盐溶液,取十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB溶于NaOH溶液,恒温加热,并在强烈搅拌下,依次滴加正硅酸乙酯TEOS、金属离子的盐溶液和扩孔剂,反应最终混合物的摩尔组成为0.001~1.0M:0.01~10.0TEOS: 1.0CTAB: 0.01~ 10.0NaOH:1~100H2O,M为金属离子的盐溶液;2)将反应产物晶化,再经洗涤干燥,焙烧,即得到介孔分子筛耐硫甲烷化催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于扩孔剂与CTAB的摩尔比为1~10。
7.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于恒温水浴加热温度为60~100℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于晶化温度为80℃~200℃。
9.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于晶化时间为24h~120h。
10.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于焙烧温度为300℃~800℃。
11.根据权利要求5所述催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于焙烧时间为2h~12h。
12.根据权利要求1所述催化剂的应用,其特征在于催化剂用于甲烷化反应,反应条件为:压力2.0MPa、H2S:1000PPM,气体空速为10000h-1,温度450℃。
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