CN108160105B - 用于甲烷选择性催化还原分子筛催化剂及其合成方法 - Google Patents
用于甲烷选择性催化还原分子筛催化剂及其合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
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- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002471 indium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 indium (In) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4‑SCR)分子筛催化剂及其合成方法,具体是双金属分子筛Cr‑In/H‑SSZ‑13和Ru‑In/H‑SSZ‑13的合成及在甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4‑SCR)中的应用。通过浸渍方法合成,再经过Ar焙烧,H2还原,O2氧化处理得到热力学稳定的双金属催化剂。在Cr‑In或者Ru‑In的协同作用下,在脱硝反应中表现出高活性和稳定性,并且催化剂制备过程简单易操作,反应寿命长达72 h,且活性基本保持不变,可以在工业中大规模应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)分子筛催化剂及其合成方法,具体是双金属分子筛Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13的合成及在甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)中的应用。
背景技术
NOX是四大空气污染物(NOX,NH3,SO2,NMVOCs)之一,它们不仅可以形成酸雨、光化学烟雾,还会严重损害人类的身体健康,所以消除NOx是人类急需解决的一个全球性问题。CH4是天然气的主要成分,它储量丰富,价格低,洁净环保,并且已经逐渐取代煤炭进行发电和供暖。CH4-SCR是目前主要的脱硝的方法之一,但是CH4的稳定性和惰性是选择性催化还原反应过程中的一个重要难题。近几十年来,过渡金属特别是铟(In)被广泛应用在CH4-SCR反应中,它的主要作用是对CH4进行有效的活化。为了提高CH4-SCR的活性,第二种过渡金属,如 Pd、 Co 和 Ce,被引入进来,他们的主要作用是促进NO的氧化生成NO2。因此,制备优异CH4-SCR活性的催化剂具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)分子筛催化剂及其合成方法,它是双金属分子筛Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13的合成方法,并且首次将其应用在CH4-SCR反应中。在Cr-In或者Ru-In的协同作用下,两种催化剂在CH4-SCR表现出高活性和稳定性。催化剂制备过程简单易操作,反应寿命长达72 h,且活性基本保持不变,可以在工业中大规模应用。
本发明提供的用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)分子筛催化剂是以可溶性铬盐或钌盐、铟盐为原料,H-SSZ-13分子筛为载体,通过浸渍方法合成Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13,其中,In的质量含量是0.1~5%,Cr或Ru的质量含量0.2-1%。
合成的具体步骤:依次将硝酸铟、硝酸铬或氯化钌加入到装有水中的三口瓶,剧烈搅拌,加入H-SSZ-13载体。充分搅拌后旋蒸除水,烘干、惰性气体下焙烧,氢气还原,然后氧化。
本发明提供的用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)分子筛催化剂Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13分子筛催化剂的合成方法包括的步骤:
1)按计量将硝酸铟、硝酸铬或氯化钌加入到水中,剧烈搅拌0.5 -1 h后,加入H-SSZ-13载体,25-30℃搅拌20-24 h后,得到均匀混合浆液。各物料质量配比为H2O:H-SSZ-13=100、In:H-SSZ-13=0.02、Cr或Ru:H-SSZ-13=0.002-0.01。
2)将混合浆液转入旋蒸球瓶,在旋转蒸发仪上50-80℃进行除水0.5-2 h ,80-120℃烘箱中烘干14-16小时。
3)将步骤2)中样品在Ar气中550 ℃焙烧2 h,10% H2/Ar中450 ℃还原1 h,450 ℃10% O2/Ar中氧化1 h。
本发明提供的用于甲烷选择性催化还原(CH4-SCR)分子筛催化剂Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13的应用方法包括下述步骤:
1)将反应物样品进行压片,过筛收集20~40目的样品。将0.09-0.36 g催化剂加入到常压固定床的反应器中,在10% O2/Ar气氛中450 ℃预处理1 h,在氦气中冷却至目标温度,同时通入反应混合气NO= 2500 ppm; CH4= 3000-5000 ppm; O2= 0-4 %, He为平衡气。
2)反应器温度升温至100-550 ℃,用NOX分析仪(Ecotech EC9841)采集所需数据。
3)NOx的转化率利用下式进行计算:
NOx 转化率[%] = (NOx进气口 – NOx出气口)/ NOx进气口 × 100%
本发明提供了Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13分子筛催化剂,在CH4-SCR反应中具有高活性和稳定性,催化剂制备过程简单易操作,反应寿命长达72 h,且活性基本保持不变,可以在工业中大规模应用。
附图说明
图1: xCr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和xRu-2%In/H-SSZ-13样品的NOx转化率随温度变化的活性曲线图。
图2:单金属和相应双金属样品的NOx转化率随温度变化的活性曲线图。
图3:Cr-In/H-SSZ-13和Ru-In/H-SSZ-13的CH4-SCR寿命图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细、完整的说明。
实施例1:合成Cr-In含量分别为0.5%-2%的Cr-In/H-SSZ-13样品
1)称取一定量的硝酸铬和硝酸铟加入到装有H2O的三口瓶中,剧烈搅拌0.5 h后,加入H-SSZ-13载体。25 ℃搅拌24 h后,得到均匀混合浆液。各物料质量配比为H2O:H-SSZ-13=
100、Cr:H-SSZ-13=0.005,In:H-SSZ-13=0.02。
2)将混合浆液转入旋蒸球瓶,在旋转蒸发仪上60℃进行除水1.5 h。100℃烘箱中烘干14小时。
3)将步骤2)中所得样品在Ar气中550 ℃焙烧2 h,10% H2/Ar中450 ℃还原1 h,450 ℃ 10% O2/Ar中氧化1 h。
将上述催化剂应用到CH4-SCR反应中,具体步骤如下:
1)称取0.12 g 20-40目催化剂,放入固定床反应器石英管中,在10% O2/Ar气氛中450 ℃预处理1 h,在氦气中冷却至目标温度,通入反应混合气NO= 2500 ppm; CH4= 4000ppm; O2= 4 %, He为平衡气。
2)反应器温度程序升温至100-550 ℃,用NOX分析仪(Ecotech EC9841)记录不同温度的数据。
3) NOx的转化率利用下式进行计算:
NOx 转化率[%] = (NOx进气口 – NOx出气口)/ NOx进气口 × 100% 。
实施例2~6:合成样品0.2%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13,1%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13,0.2%Ru-2%In/
H-SSZ-13,0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13和1%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13。
实验中的投料、步骤、处理方法与实施例1相同,只是加入不同含量的Cr或Ru的金属盐前驱体,而In的含量固定在2%。催化活性结果见表1和附图1。对于Cr-In体系,低于400℃,0.2%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13的催化活性高于0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和1%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13,在450℃左右三者活性接近,而高于500℃时,0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和1%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13活性接近,均优于0.2%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13的催化活性。而对于Ru-In体系,整个温度区间内三者差别较大,0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13活性最优,其中在450~550℃温度范围内1%Ru-2%
In/H-SSZ-13的活性随着Ru含量的增加反而降低。综上所述,0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和0.5%
Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13为最理想的催化剂含量。
表1:不同Cr含量和不同Ru含量对CH4-SCR反应的影响
实施例7~9:合成样品0.5%Cr/H-SSZ-13,2%In/H-SSZ-13和0.5%Ru/H-SSZ-13。
实验中的投料、步骤、处理方法与实施例1相同,只是加入不同的金属盐前驱体。从表2和附图2中可以看出,对于Cr-In体系,在400~550 ℃温度区间内,双金属Cr-In/H-SSZ-13的NOX的转化率很高(92.1%,550 ℃),而单金属Cr/H-SSZ-13和In/H-SSZ-13的NOX转化率较低。同样,对于Ru-In体系,相比于单金属催化剂Ru/H-SSZ-13和In/H-SSZ-13,双金属催化剂Ru-In/H-SSZ-13表现出优异的NOX的催化活性(92.9%,550 ℃)。从表2中可以看出,在较低温区间,催化剂Ru-In/H-SSZ-13(70.3%,450 ℃)比Cr-In/H-SSZ-13(55.3%,450 ℃)的活性好。
表2:单金属和相应双金属催化剂的NOx转化率
NO<sub>x</sub> 转化率/%催化剂 | 450 ℃ | 550 ℃ |
0.5%Cr/H-SSZ-13 | 10.0 | 15.0 |
2%In/H-SSZ-13 | 33.0 | 41.2 |
0.5%Ru/H-SSZ-13 | 18.5 | 19.3 |
0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13 | 55.3 | 92.1 |
0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13 | 70.3 | 92.9 |
实施例10~11:样品0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13的CH4-SCR的寿命图。
1)按照实施例1的方法合成0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13和0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13。
2)称取0.12 g 20-40目催化剂,放入固定床反应器石英管中,在10% O2/Ar气氛中450 ℃预处理1 h,在He气中冷却至目标温度,通入反应混合气NO= 2500 ppm; CH4= 4000ppm; O2= 4 %, He为平衡气。
3)反应器温度程序升温至500 ℃,用NOX分析仪(Ecotech EC9841)记录不同时间的数据。
从附图3中可以看出双金属催化剂0.5%Cr-2%In/H-SSZ-13的NOX转化率在20小时呈现增加的趋势,然后基本保持稳定(~86%),而0.5%Ru-2%In/H-SSZ-13的NOX转化率在72小时内基本一直保持不变(~95%)。说明两种催化剂均具有很好的稳定性。
Claims (3)
1.一种分子筛催化剂在甲烷选择性催化中的应用,其特征在于该分子筛催化剂是Cr-In/H-SSZ-13或Ru-In/H-SSZ-13,其中,In的质量含量是0.1-5%,Cr或Ru的质量含量是0.1-2%;
合成的具体步骤:
1)按计量将硝酸铟、硝酸铬或氯化钌加入到水中,剧烈搅拌0.5-1h后,加入H-SSZ-13载体,25-30℃搅拌20-24h后,得到均匀混合浆液;
2)将混合浆液转入旋蒸瓶,在旋转蒸发仪上进行50-80℃除水0.5-2h,80-120℃烘箱中烘干14-16小时;
3)将步骤2)中样品在Ar气中550℃焙烧2h,10% H2/Ar中450℃还原1h,450℃10% O2/Ar中氧化1h。
2.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述的分子筛催化剂Cr-In/H-SSZ-13或Ru-In/H-SSZ-13的合成方法包括以下的步骤:
1)按计量将硝酸铟、硝酸铬或氯化钌加入到水中,剧烈搅拌0.5-1h后,加入H-SSZ-13载体,25-30℃搅拌20-24h后,得到均匀混合浆液;
2)将混合浆液转入旋蒸瓶,在旋转蒸发仪上进行50-80℃除水0.5-2h,80-120℃烘箱中烘干14-16小时;
3)将步骤2)中样品在Ar气中550℃焙烧2h,10% H2/Ar中450℃还原1h,450℃10 %O2/Ar中氧化1h;
其中,质量比,H2O:H-SSZ-13=100;In:H-SSZ-13=0.02;Cr或Ru:H-SSZ-13=0.002-0.01。
3.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于该分子筛催化剂的应用方法包括下述步骤:
1)将反应物样品进行压片,过筛收集20-40目的样品,将0.09-0.36g催化剂加入到常压固定床的反应器中,在10% O2/Ar气氛中450℃预处理1h,在氦气中冷却至目标温度,同时通入反应混合气NO=2500ppm;CH4=3000-5000ppm;O2=0-4%,He平衡气;
2)反应器温度升温至100-550℃,用NOX分析仪采集所需数据;
3)NOx的转化率利用下式进行计算:
NOx转化率=(NOx进气口–NOx出气口)/NOx进气口×100%。
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