CN111937816A

CN111937816A - Ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor

Info

Publication number: CN111937816A
Application number: CN202010827747.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨成建
Original assignee: Xian University of Architecture and Technology
Current assignee: Xian University of Architecture and Technology
Priority date: 2020-08-17
Filing date: 2020-08-17
Publication date: 2020-11-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-17
Also published as: CN111937816B

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor, aiming at stimulating queen bees to lay eggs quickly by ecological reward feeding before a big honey flow period comes, enabling worker bees to actively take honey out, feeding larvae, quickly strengthening bee colonies and realizing high honey yield. The method comprises the specific steps of time section selection, weather selection, time selection, beehive checking, feeding method selection, reward feeding termination and the like. The method avoids conventional cane sugar water reward feeding method, adopts pure ecological method without any feed, and can improve bee colony vigor, enhance bee constitution, and ensure honey quality.

Description

Ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bee breeding, and particularly relates to an ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor by using a honey shaking and sprinkling method and a mature honey cover cutting and water spraying method.

Background

The new honey national standard GB 14963-. However, in order to improve bee colony vigor, the rewarding feeding of sucrose water has become a normal state of "being careless". Generally, the breeding speed of bees is regulated by the amount of honey sources outside and the difficulty of collection. When the honey source is richer and easier to collect, the breeding speed of the bee colony is higher, and the bee colony vigor is also rapidly enhanced. Therefore, when the external honey source is less, many farmers can carry out artificial reward feeding to misjudge the external situation of the bee colony, so that the queen bee is stimulated to lay eggs quickly, the worker bees actively go out to collect honey and feed larvae, and strong bee colony vigor is formed when a large flow honey period comes, thereby realizing high honey yield. At present, two popular rewarding feeding methods are cane sugar water feeding and honey water feeding. In order to save cost, farmers basically adopt a sucrose water feeding method. The sucrose water feeding method has obvious defects, and can not only increase the sucrose content of honey and reduce the quality of the honey, but also seriously cause malnutrition to bees due to long-term eating of sucrose water by the bees, so that the physique of the bees is deteriorated and the working capacity is influenced. In addition, if worker bees feed the larvae with sucrose, malnutrition of the larvae is caused, resulting in the occurrence of rotten larval disease, which is almost "fatal disease", and even if treated, a large amount of antibiotic drugs are used, which causes further reduction in quality of honey. At present, a plurality of honey feed preparation methods are also proposed, for example, patent CN201910089153.0 discloses a plant fermentation bee feed, patent CN201910309874.8 uses carob syrup, honey, bee pollen, linolenic acid and linolenate to prepare a bee feed composition, patent CN201910017229.9 uses bee pollen, corn peptide, yeast powder, traditional Chinese medicine extract, naked algae powder, fatty acid, sweet potato, salt, compound vitamin and honey to synthesize a novel bee feed, and similarly, patent CN201710341419.7 uses cassava starch, probiotics, honey, mixed protein powder, pollen and sugar to prepare a bee feed granule and proposes a feeding method thereof. However, the main ingredient of the feed is still sucrose, is mainly used for feeding without honey sources, is not suitable for rewarding feeding, is only suitable for Italian bees (an external Italian bee species) with extensive food sources, and is not suitable for Chinese bees (a native bee species in China). Therefore, whether the requirement of 'sugar limitation order' provided by a new national standard is met, the product quality is promoted to be upgraded, the bee colony vigor is enhanced, the honey yield is increased, and the rotten young disease incidence rate is reduced, a simple and practical ecological reward feeding method without using white sugar water is urgently needed to meet the technical requirement of the development of the bee-keeping industry under the new situation.

China is the biggest honey producing country in the world, but the competitiveness of products is far lower than that of countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Malaysia and the like, and the main reason is that the quality of the products cannot be kept up with the standard, and the products are fed by cane sugar water too much, so that the content of cane sugar is too high; at present, a mature, effective and ecological scientific method is not available in the rewarding and feeding link.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide an ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor, which utilizes a honey shaking and sprinkling method and a mature honey nest cover cutting and water spraying method to reward and feed bees so as to improve the bee colony vigor. The method avoids the problems of honey quality reduction and bee constitution deterioration caused by conventional sucrose water reward feeding method, reduces the risk of suffering from baby disease, and avoids medication pollution. Meanwhile, a pure ecological method without adding any feed is adopted, so that the bee colony vigor can be improved, the bee physique can be enhanced, and the honey quality can be ensured.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

An ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting early spring or autumn seasons as an auxiliary honey source honey flow period;

(2) selecting clear, stable temperature and no low-temperature cold tide as ecological weather;

(3) selecting evening time in one day as reward feeding time;

(4) checking the beehive: sundries and accumulated water in the beehive are cleaned, so that the queen bees are healthy and strong, bee colonies are vigorous, and the powder honey in the honeycombs is sufficiently stored;

(5) the feeding method comprises the following steps: checking the storage condition of the newly collected honey in the honeycomb, and if the honey is sufficiently stored, feeding by adopting a honey shaking and sprinkling method; on the contrary, a mature honey nest cover cutting water spraying method is adopted and a honey shaking and sprinkling method is used for feeding;

(6) termination of reward feeding: feeding for 1 time every day or every two days, and continuously feeding for 15-20 days until the early stage of the big honey flow period.

With respect to the above technical solutions, the present invention has a further preferable solution:

further, the auxiliary honey source honey flow period is the period of the local fragmentary honey source plant honey flow, and different time of the local region is different.

Furthermore, the clear weather and stable temperature mean no rain, snow or strong wind, and the temperature is stable above 10 ℃.

Further, the evening time is the time after the worker bees are detected to return to the home when the sun just lands on the mountain.

Further, the queen bee is healthy and strong, namely the queen bee has healthy limbs, thick and strong tail, stable movement and no scurry, and abundant eggs, larvae and young bees are in the honeycomb.

Further, the bee colony is vigorous, namely the coverage of worker bees on the honeycomb in the beehive reaches more than 95%, the number of the honeycomb reaches more than 6 (areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan in China), and other areas reach more than 8.

Furthermore, the fact that the powder honey in the honeycomb is stored sufficiently means that the box is free of old spleen, rotten spleen, insect damage spleen and empty spleen, and the storage capacity of the powder honey in each honeycomb reaches more than 500 g.

Further, the honey is also called immature honey, which is honey obtained by collecting worker bees and placing the worker bees in holes of a honeycomb without a sealing cover or brewing.

Further, the honey shaking method is to check whether the side spleen (the honeycomb close to the partition plate) close to the partition plate has a queen bee, if so, the queen bee is transferred to other honeycombs, and the worker bee is shaken off from the side spleen; if the honey is sufficient, the honey is shaken and sprinkled on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycomb.

Further, the mature honey nest cover cutting water spraying method is supplemented with a honey shaking and sprinkling method, namely the queen bee of the marginal spleen is transferred to other combs and shaken off; if the honey is insufficient, shaking and sprinkling the honey on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycomb; cutting off the sealing covers of partial mature honey nests on the side spleens by a honey cutter, spraying water, and shaking and spraying the mature honey in the nests on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycombs; and checking whether the nest still has residual mature honey, spraying water, shaking and sprinkling, and so on until the mature honey in the nest is all shaken and sprinkled.

Furthermore, the large honey flow period is a period of large-area honey flow of main honey plants in the local area, and is different according to different areas.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method aims to stimulate queen bees to lay eggs quickly by rewarding feeding before a big honey flow period comes, and the worker bees actively go out to collect honey and feed larvae, so that bee colonies are quickly grown, strong colony vigor is formed, and high honey yield is realized. The method avoids conventional cane sugar water reward feeding method, adopts pure ecological method without any feed, and can improve bee colony vigor, enhance bee constitution, and ensure honey quality. The method is simple and convenient to operate, and is very suitable for the technical requirements of the development of the current ecological, green, healthy and high-yield bee industry.

The invention has the following advantages:

1) the honey shaking and spraying method and the mature honey nest cover cutting and water spraying method are used for rewarding and feeding bees, so that the bee colony vigor is improved. The problems of honey quality reduction and bee physique deterioration caused by the rewarding feeding of white sugar water are avoided, the risk of suffering from the disease of the rotten young bees is reduced, and the medicine pollution is avoided.

2) The honey shaking and sprinkling method skillfully uses low-quality honey for rewarding feeding, enhances the bee colony vigor and plays a role in low cost and synergism.

3) The mature honey cover-cutting water-spraying method related to the method not only enhances the bee colony vigor and improves the enthusiasm of worker bees for collecting honey, but also vacates part of the nests for storing newly-collected honey of the worker bees and increases the spawning nests of queen bees, thereby laying a foundation for further strengthening the bee colony.

4) The method is ecological and environment-friendly, is simple to operate and low in cost, is the fastest rewarding feeding method, ensures the quality of the honey, reduces the risk of diseases and insect pests of the honey, meets the technical requirements of bee keeping after the new national standard of the honey is released, and is convenient to popularize and apply.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of honey shake-and-spill ecological reward feeding;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of ecological reward feeding of a mature honey nest by a cover cutting water spraying method and a honey shaking spraying method.

In the figure: 1-box cover; 2, covering cloth; 3, beehives; 4-a partition board; 5, a bracket; 6, the ground; 7-bee inlet; 8, Bianpi; 9-honeycomb; 10-honeycomb frame beam; 11-mature honey nest; 12-honey nest; 13-bottom plate in beehive; 14-inner wall of beehive; 15-queen bee; 16-a honey knife; 17-a watering can.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention without limiting the invention thereto.

The invention adopts a beehive as shown in figure 1, which comprises a beehive 3, a beehive cover 1, covering cloth 2, a clapboard 4, a side comb 8, a honeycomb 9, a honeycomb frame beam 10, a bee inlet 7, a bracket 5, a mature honey nest 11, a honey nest 12 and a bottom plate 13 in the beehive; the beehive 3 is erected on a support 5, the support 5 is supported on the ground 6, a partition plate 4 is arranged in the beehive 3 to divide the beehive 3 into a honeycomb 9 and spaces for placing the honeycombs in other beehives, a honeycomb frame beam 10 supports the honeycombs 9 to be arranged at intervals along the beehive 3, and side honeycombs 8 are distributed on the partition plate 4 close to the side of the honeycomb 9; the upper part of the beehive 3 is covered with the covering cloth 2 and the hive cover 1 in sequence, and the bee inlet 7 is arranged above the bottom plate 13 in the beehive at the honeycomb 8 side of the beehive 3.

Also comprises mature honey nests 11 and water honey nests 12 for ecological reward feeding.

The embodiment of the invention provides an ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor, which comprises a honey shaking and sprinkling method and a mature honey nest cover cutting and water spraying method. The method avoids the conventional white sugar water rewarding feeding mode, skillfully uses low-quality honey for rewarding feeding, enhances the bee colony vigor, ensures the honey quality, reduces the honey plant diseases and insect pests, and realizes the low-cost synergy of the bee industry. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) selecting time sections: generally speaking, the main production season of honey is spring festival and autumn, which are the periods of the main honey source plants for producing a large amount of nectar, and we refer to as the period of big honey flow; the main purpose of rewarding feeding is to enable bee colonies to misjudge external conditions by manual rewarding feeding before a large honey flow period comes, so that queen bees are stimulated to lay eggs fast, worker bees actively go out for honey collection and larva feeding are achieved, a strong bee colony situation is formed when the large honey flow period comes, and high honey yield is achieved. Therefore, the time of ecological reward feeding is the auxiliary honey source honey flow period in early spring or autumn every year, namely the period of local fragmentary honey source plant honey flow. Of course, the specific time varies according to the region.

(2) Selecting weather: ecological reward feeding must be carried out under the weather conditions of clear weather, no rain or snow, stable temperature of more than 10 ℃ and no low temperature and cold tide. Because the worker bees are excited after rewarding feeding, the worker bees can go out to collect honey in the next morning, such as rain and snow, strong wind or low-temperature weather, the flower honey cannot be collected, and the risk of death of the worker bees exists.

(3) Selecting time: ecological reward feeding is developed in the evening of the sunset of the sun just falling into the mountain, because the worker bees (detection bees for short) going out to detect the honey source at the moment are homed, the worker bees are not completely black, and meanwhile, after the bee colony is invaded, big agitation can not occur.

(4) Checking the beehive: the core of ecological feeding is that honey is shaken and sprinkled in the beehive in a shaking and sprinkling mode, so sundries and accumulated water in the beehive must be cleaned. The mode can be adopted, as shown in figures 1 and 2, firstly, the beehive cover 1 and the covering cloth 2 are opened, the honeycomb 9 and the side honeycomb 8 are moved, the sundries on the bottom plate 13 and the inner wall 14 of the beehive are cleaned, then the beehive is inclined forwards, and the sundries and the accumulated water in the beehive are cleaned out from the bee inlet 7 in a centralized way. In addition, the queen bee is ensured to be healthy and strong, the queen bee is healthy and complete in limbs, thick in tail, stable in movement and free of scurrying, and abundant eggs, larvae and young bees are contained in the honeycomb. The strength of bee colonies is ensured, the worker bee coverage on the honeycomb in the beehive reaches more than 95%, the number of the honeycombs reaches more than 6 (areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan in China), and other areas reach more than 8. Sufficient storage of the powder honey in the honeycomb is ensured, old spleen, rotten spleen, insect damage spleen and empty spleen do not exist in the box, and the storage capacity of the powder honey in each honeycomb reaches more than 500 g.

(5) The feeding method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the beehive box cover 1 and the covering cloth 2 are opened, the storage condition of the honey in the newly collected honey nest 12 in the honeycomb 9 and the side honeycomb 8 is checked, if the storage condition is sufficient, the honey shaking and sprinkling method is adopted, otherwise, the mature honey nest cover cutting water spraying method is adopted, and the honey shaking and sprinkling method is supplemented.

In one embodiment, the ecological reward feeding is carried out by adopting a honey shaking method, as shown in fig. 1, a beehive cover 1 and a covering cloth 2 are firstly opened, a side comb 8 is lifted (see an arrow A shown in fig. 1), whether a queen bee 15 exists is checked, if the queen bee 15 exists, the queen bee 15 is gently transferred to other combs (see an arrow B shown in fig. 1), and then the side comb 8 is quickly shaken (see an arrow C shown in fig. 1) to shake off worker bees; then, checking whether the honey in the honey nest 12 is sufficient, and if so, shaking and sprinkling the honey in the nest on a bottom plate 13, the peripheral inner wall 14 and a frame beam 10 of the honeycomb forcefully (see a schematic diagram D in figure 1); finally, the edge portion 8 is returned and covered with the cover cloth 2 and the cover 1 (see fig. 1 for an arrow a).

In one embodiment, mature honey nest cover cutting water spraying method is adopted, and a honey shaking and sprinkling method is supplemented to perform ecological reward feeding, as shown in fig. 2, firstly a beehive cover 1 and a covering cloth 2 are opened, a side spleen 8 is lifted (see an arrow E shown in fig. 2), whether a queen bee 15 exists is checked, if the queen bee 15 exists, the queen bee 15 is slightly transferred to other combs (see an arrow F shown in fig. 2), and then the side spleen is quickly shaken (see an arrow G shown in fig. 2), so that worker bees are shaken off. Checking whether the honey in the honey nest 12 is sufficient; if not, after the honey shaking method is adopted and the honey is shaken and sprayed (see a schematic arrow H in figure 2), a mature honey nest cover cutting water spraying method (see a schematic arrow I in figure 2) is adopted, a honey cutting knife 16 is used for cutting off the sealing cover of a part of mature honey nest from bottom to top gradually, a water spraying pot 17 is used for spraying warm boiled water (normal temperature) at the nest position where the sealing cover is cut off, after 3-5 seconds, the side spleens 8 are shaken rapidly (see a schematic arrow L in figure 2), and the mature honey in the side spleens 8 nest is shaken and sprayed on the inner bottom plate 13 of the beehive, the inner walls 14 of the beehive at the periphery and the frame beam 10 of the honeycomb (see a schematic arrow J in figure 2) forcefully; then, whether residual mature honey exists in the side spleens 8 nest is checked, if so, water is sprayed, shaking is carried out, and the like is carried out until all the mature honey in the X nest of the side spleens 8 nest is shaken out; finally, the edge portion 8 is returned (see fig. 2 for an arrow K), and the cover cloth 2 and the case cover 1 are covered.

(6) Termination of reward feeding: feeding for 1 time every day or every two days from the day of starting ecological reward feeding, and continuously feeding for 15-20 days until the early stage of the large honey flow period is finished, namely the early stage of large-area honey flow of main honey plants in the local area, wherein the specific time is different according to the difference of areas.

The honey shaking and sprinkling method skillfully uses low-quality honey for rewarding feeding, enhances the bee colony vigor and plays a role in low cost and synergism. The related mature honey cover-cutting water spraying method not only enhances the bee colony vigor and improves the enthusiasm of worker bees for collecting honey, but also vacates partial nests for storing newly-collected honey of worker bees and increases the spawning nests of queen bees, thereby laying a foundation for further strengthening the bee colony. In addition, the method is ecological and environment-friendly, is simple to operate and low in cost, is the fastest rewarding feeding method, ensures the quality of the honey, reduces the risk of diseases and insect pests of the honey, and meets the technical requirements of bee keeping after the new national standard of the honey is released.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(3) selecting evening time in one day as reward feeding time;

2. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary honey source honey flow period is a local area fragmentary honey source plant honey flow period.

3. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor according to claim 1, wherein the clear weather and stable air temperature mean no rain, snow and strong wind, and the stable air temperature is above 10 ℃.

4. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor according to claim 1, wherein the evening time is the time after the worker bees are detected to return to the home after the worker bees are fallen to the mountain immediately in the sun.

5. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor according to claim 1, wherein the robust queen bee is healthy and strong in limbs, thick and strong in tail, stable in movement, free of scurrying, and rich in eggs, larvae and young bees in a honeycomb.

6. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor according to claim 1, wherein the bee colony vigor means that the worker bee coverage on the honeycomb in the beehive reaches more than 95%, and the number of the honeycombs reaches more than 6.

7. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor of claim 1, wherein the sufficient honey powder storage in the honeycomb is that the old honeycomb, rotten honeycomb, insect-pest honeycomb and empty honeycomb do not exist in the box, and the honey powder storage amount of each honeycomb is more than 500 g.

8. The ecological reward feeding method for improving bee colony vigor of claim 1, wherein the honey is also called immature honey, which is obtained by the worker bees that have collected the honey, placed in the holes of the honeycomb without a cover and without brewed nectar.

9. The feeding method of claim 1, wherein the honey shaking method is to check whether there is a queen bee in the side comb near the partition, if yes, transfer the queen bee to other combs, and shake off the worker bee from the side comb; if the honey is sufficient, the honey is shaken and sprinkled on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycomb.

10. The feeding method of claim 1, wherein the mature honey comb is subjected to cover cutting water spraying and is supplemented with honey shaking method, and the queen bee is transferred to other combs and shaken off; if the honey is insufficient, shaking and sprinkling the honey on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycomb; cutting off the sealing covers of partial mature honey nests on the side spleens by a honey cutter, spraying water, and shaking and spraying the mature honey in the nests on the bottom, the four walls and the frame beam of the honeycombs; and checking whether the nest still has residual mature honey, spraying water, shaking and sprinkling, and so on until the mature honey in the nest is all shaken and sprinkled.