CN111937704B - Potato planting method for high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Potato planting method for high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111937704B CN111937704B CN202010884841.9A CN202010884841A CN111937704B CN 111937704 B CN111937704 B CN 111937704B CN 202010884841 A CN202010884841 A CN 202010884841A CN 111937704 B CN111937704 B CN 111937704B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a potato planting method in a high-altitude area, which comprises the following steps: selecting fertile soil, deeply ploughing in winter, spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the soil surface, and uniformly ploughing; piling and storing potato stock seeds, accelerating the short buds under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surface of the stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash; sowing at the beginning of 2 months, ditching on the ground, spreading decomposed sheep manure and compound fertilizer into the ditches, putting the seed potatoes into the ditches, covering fine soil, sowing 3500 plants with the sowing density of 2500-; when 3-4 leaves are used, leading the seedlings out of the film, and tightly sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil; spraying paclobutrazol in the bud and blossom period, alternately spraying power increasing green and Yinfei in the blossom period, spraying monopotassium phosphate in the late stage of blossom, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time and keeping the moist soil surface. The yield per mu of the planting method is as high as 4450 kilograms, and the yield per mu of the potatoes can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for planting potatoes in a high-altitude area.
Background
Potatoes are also called ground eggs, potatoes, yam, etc., and are annual herbaceous plants of the genus solanum of the family solanaceae. The edible part of the edible part is an underground tuber, the tuber is round and long, a plurality of bud eyes are arranged on the epidermis, and the epidermis has various colors of white, yellow, pink, red, purple, black and the like. Research shows that the potato is rich in nutrition, and the fresh potato tuber contains starch, sugar, protein, fat, crude fiber, various vitamins and trace elements, and can meet various requirements of human bodies. The starch content is generally 9-20%, a large amount of heat can be provided for human bodies, and satiety can be generated after eating, so that the potatoes can be used as staple food; the protein content is about 2 percent generally, the quality of the protein is equivalent to that of egg protein, and the protein is easy to digest and absorb and is superior to that of other crops; the fat content is lower, generally about 0.1 percent, and is far lower than that of other grain crops; the vitamins are diverse in types, including vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin E and the like, which are very beneficial to the health of human bodies; the microelements comprise calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, manganese, etc., and are also indispensable elements for maintaining human body functions. At present, potatoes are widely cultivated and planted all over the world and become one of the main food crops of human beings, and the sowing area and the total yield of the potatoes are ranked 4 th in food crops all over the world, and are second only to corn, rice and wheat. China is the first major country for producing potatoes in the world, the planting area of China accounts for 28.21% of the total planting area of the world, and the total yield accounts for 23.6%.
The potato has the characteristics of wide adaptability, short growth cycle, high nutritional value and long industrial chain length, and becomes an important support industry for poverty and richness removal and western development in China, main vegetables, export-earning high-efficiency crops and an important raw material for food and industrial starch processing. At present, the planting area of the potatoes in China reaches 8500 ten thousand mu, the annual output is 8800 ten thousand tons, the output value reaches 850 million yuan, and great contribution is made to the increase of income of farmers in China. Potatoes are typical temperate climate crops, like humid and cold growing environments, and are sensitive to high temperature, so that the main producing areas of Chinese potatoes are mainly distributed in cold and cold mountain areas and high-altitude areas, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shanxi, Yun, Gui and Chuan areas. The high-altitude areas generally have cold and cool climate, sufficient illumination, drought in winter and spring, same season of rain and heat, concentrated rainfall and large day-night temperature difference, are very favorable for the growth of potatoes and the accumulation of dry matters as ecological climate resources, but the potatoes planted in the high-altitude areas are limited by planting methods and fertilizing methods at present, and the yield is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a potato planting method in a high-altitude area, which can effectively solve the problem of low potato yield in the existing planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a potato planting method in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 20-30 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the soil surface, then uniformly ploughing, and finely raking;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming deep ditches of 5-8 cm on the ground, wherein the distance between every two adjacent ditches is 30-45 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and compound fertilizer into the ditches, then putting potato seeds into the ditches, wherein the potato seeds are not in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil for 6-10 cm, troweling the compartment surface and covering a film, wherein the sowing density per mu is 2500 plus 3500 plants, and topdressing seedling-lifting fertilizer after seedling alignment;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol in the bud blooming period, spraying monopotassium phosphate in the late blooming period, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, watering in time, and keeping the moist soil surface.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: selecting land on which cruciferous plants are not planted within five years, deep ploughing in winter to keep the soil loose and to improve the oxygen content of the water content of the soil, adding expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash into the soil, wherein the expanded vermiculite is loose and porous in structure and has heat preservation and heat insulation properties, and the soil can be added into the soil to improve the soil structure, improve the water storage and moisture preservation and air permeability of the soil, keep the soil temperature, and is beneficial to the growth of the potatoes at a lower temperature; the plant ash is a natural potassium fertilizer, and can be added into soil to improve the content of potassium element in the soil and promote the growth of potatoes; the decomposed chicken manure contains a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and can also provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the potatoes, expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash are added into soil in advance, and the nutrients are further decomposed into a form convenient for the absorption of the potatoes by using microorganisms in the soil, so that a growth environment with sufficient nutrients is provided for the planting of the potatoes.
The original potato seeds are stockpiled and germinate, and then the carbendazim is sprayed on the surfaces of the original potato seeds to sterilize the surfaces of the original potato seeds, so that the influence of harmful bacteria on the growth of the potatoes after transplantation is reduced, plant ash is attached to the surfaces of the original potato seeds, the plant ash can play a role in sterilization, and can provide potassium fertilizer for the potatoes to promote the growth of the potatoes.
Even if the potatoes are sown early in the early 2-month early-warm weather, the growth time of the potatoes is prolonged, after the potatoes are planted, decomposed sheep manure and a compound fertilizer are spread into the ditch, the potatoes are separated from the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer effect of the compound fertilizer can be prevented from influencing the growth of the potatoes, the decomposed sheep manure also contains a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, the decomposed sheep manure can act synergistically with the decomposed chicken manure, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the potatoes, and the yield of the potatoes is increased; the paclobutrazol is sprayed on the potato seedlings, the growth of potato stalks can be inhibited, the internode distance is shortened, the stress resistance of the potatoes is enhanced, the yield of the potatoes is further improved, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to supplement a potassium fertilizer for the potatoes, so that the yield of the potatoes is further improved.
Furthermore, the spreading amount of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash in the step (1) is 80-200kg, 800-1500kg and 100-300kg respectively.
Furthermore, the spreading amount of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash in the step (1) is 180kg, 1300kg and 200kg respectively.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the use amount of the expanded vermiculite is small, so that the water storage, soil moisture preservation and air permeability of the soil are poor, and the high yield of the potatoes is not facilitated; the use amount of the decomposed chicken manure and the vegetation water is small, so that the nutrients in the soil are insufficient, the growth of the potatoes is not facilitated, the yield of the potatoes is influenced, the use amount of the substances is too large, the nutrition in the soil is excessive, the growth of the potatoes is not facilitated, and the planting cost is increased.
Further, the particle size of the expanded vermiculite in the step (1) is 0.5mm-2 mm.
Further, the particle size of the expanded vermiculite in the step (1) is 1 mm.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the expanded vermiculite is loose and fragile in texture and too small in particle size, and after the expanded vermiculite is used for a period of time, the water retention property of the expanded vermiculite is reduced, so that the potato growth is influenced.
Further, the application amount of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 800-1500kg and 60-100kg respectively.
Further, the applying amount of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer in the step (3) is 1400kg and 80kg respectively.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the excessive use amount of the compound fertilizer causes the surplus of nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, soil hardening, the reduction of air permeability and water retention, the imbalance of the proportion of the surplus nutrient substances, the obstruction of the transformation and synthesis of partial substances in vivo, and the influence on the quality and the yield of potatoes.
Further, the seedling raising fertilizer in the step (3) is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clear liquid dung, the mu usage amount of the urea is 5-20kg, the mu usage amount of the potassium fulvate is 5-10kg, and the mu usage amount of the clear liquid dung is 800-1500 kg.
Further, the seedling raising fertilizer in the step (3) is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clear liquid dung, the mu usage amount of the urea is 15kg, the mu usage amount of the potassium fulvate is 8kg, and the mu usage amount of the clear liquid dung is 1200 kg.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: after the potato seedlings grow for a certain period, the nutrient components in the soil are insufficient, timely supplement is needed, urea and potassium fulvate are dissolved by clear excrement water and irrigated, and the clear excrement water can provide nutrition for the potato seedlings, supplement moisture and promote the growth of the potatoes; the fulvic acid potassium has smaller molecular weight, is very easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, improves the water-retaining property of crops, promotes the absorption of the crops on nutrient components, and promotes the growth and development of potato tubers.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the ditching depth is 5-8 cm, and the distance between two adjacent ditches is 30-45 cm.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the ditching depth is 7 cm, and the distance between two adjacent ditches is 35 cm.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the thickness of the covering soil after sowing is not too large, and the early-sown potato seeds have poor stress resistance and too large thickness of the covering soil, so that the emergence of seedlings of the potatoes is difficult, and the seedling rate is reduced; the furrow spacing of the potatoes is reduced, and the yield of the potatoes is increased by the close planting placement.
Further, the seeding density per mu in the step (3) is 3000-3500 strains.
Further, the seeding density per mu in the step (3) is 3500 plants.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the low-density planting mode of 3500 plants per mu is adopted, so that the yield of the potatoes is increased.
Further, in the step (5), the mass concentration of the paclobutrazol is 0.15-0.25%, the spraying times are 1-2 times, and the interval between every two spraying times is 5-10 days.
Further, in the step (5), the green and the Yinfei are alternately sprayed, and the spraying interval is 5-6 days.
Further, in the step (5), the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1-0.3%, the spraying times are 3-4 times, and the interval time between every two spraying is 5-7 days.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows: according to the method, the growth of the potatoes is balanced through the density-reduced plants and the fertilizer-promoting chemical control, the yield of the potatoes is increased, the yield per mu of the potatoes planted according to the method reaches 4450 kilograms, 10-15 potatoes bear on a single plant, and the yield is increased by 30-60% compared with that of the potatoes planted by a conventional planting method.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 20 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the surface of the soil, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is 100kg, 900kg and 120kg respectively, and the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 0.5 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming deep ditches of 5 cm on the ground, wherein the distance between every two adjacent ditches is 30 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and compound fertilizer into the ditches, wherein the mu spreading amount of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1000kg and 70kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the ditches, the potato seeds are not in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil of 6 cm, smearing the surfaces of the ditches, covering films, the sowing density of 3300 plants per mu, and topdressing seedling-lifting fertilizer after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clear manure water, the mu using amount of the urea is 6kg, the mu using amount of the potassium fulvate is 6kg, and the mu using amount of the clear manure is 900 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol with the mass concentration of 0.15% in the bud flowering period, spraying for 2 times, spraying for 5 days at each time interval, alternately spraying green and Yinhui in the flowering period, spraying green for increasing the power, continuously spraying Yinhui after 5 days, and continuously spraying green for increasing the power after 5 days, wherein the spraying times are alternately repeated, the green for increasing the power and the Yinhui are both 3 times, spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.3% in the late flowering period, the spraying times are 3 times, the spraying interval time is 5 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out during the period, so that the moisture of the soil is kept moist.
Example 2
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 28 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the surface of the soil, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is 180kg, 1400kg and 280kg, and the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 2 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming deep ditches with the depth of 8 centimeters on the ground, enabling the distance between every two adjacent ditches to be 45 centimeters, spreading thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and a compound fertilizer into the ditches, wherein the mu spreading amount of the thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1500kg and 100kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the ditches, enabling the potato seeds not to be in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil with 6-10 centimeters, smearing a film after the compartment surface is leveled, enabling the sowing density of 3500 plants per mu to be 3500, and applying seedling raising fertilizers after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling raising fertilizers are mixtures of urea, potassium sulfate and clear liquid dung, the mu using amount of the urea is 20kg, the mu using amount of potassium fulvate is 9kg, and the mu using amount of the clear liquid dung is 1500 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol with the mass concentration of 0.25% in the bud flowering period, spraying for 2 times, spraying for 10 days at each time interval, alternately spraying power-increasing green and Yinhui in the flowering period, spraying the power-increasing green first, continuously spraying the Yinhui after 5 days, then continuously spraying the power-increasing green after 5 days, repeating the steps alternately, wherein the spraying times of the power-increasing green and the Yinhui are both 3 times, spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.3% in the late flowering period, the spraying times are 4 times, the spraying interval time is 7 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out in the period, so that the moisture of the soil is kept moist.
Example 3
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 25 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the surface of the soil, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is 180kg, 1300kg and 200kg respectively, and the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 1 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming a deep trench with the depth of 7 cm on the ground, wherein the distance between two adjacent trenches is 35 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and a compound fertilizer into the trenches, wherein the spreading amount per mu of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1400kg and 80kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the trenches, the potato seeds do not directly contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil with 8 cm, smoothing the surface of a compartment, then covering a film, the sowing density per mu is 3500 plants, and topdressing a seedling raising fertilizer after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clean manure, the using amount per mu of urea is 15kg, the using amount per mu of potassium fulvate is 8kg, and the using amount per mu of clean manure is 1200 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol with the mass concentration of 0.20% in the bud flowering period, spraying for 2 times, spraying for 7 days at each time interval, alternately spraying green and Yinhui in the flowering period, spraying green for increasing the power, continuously spraying Yinhui after 5 days, and continuously spraying green for increasing the power after 5 days, wherein the spraying times are alternately repeated, the green for increasing the power and the Yinhui are both 3 times, spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.3% in the late flowering period, the spraying times are 4 times, the spraying interval time is 7 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out during the period, so that the moisture of the soil is kept moist.
Comparative example 1
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 25 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the soil surface, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of medical stone, decomposed chicken manure and potassium sulfate is 180kg, 1300kg and 200kg respectively, and the particle size of the medical stone is 1 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing original potato seeds, and accelerating short buds under scattered light after the potato seeds germinate;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming a deep trench with the depth of 7 cm on the ground, wherein the distance between two adjacent trenches is 35 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and a compound fertilizer into the trenches, wherein the spreading amount per mu of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1400kg and 80kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the trenches, the potato seeds do not directly contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil with 8 cm, smoothing the surface of a compartment, then covering a film, the sowing density per mu is 5500 plants, and topdressing a seedling raising fertilizer after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clear manure water, the using amount per mu of urea is 15kg, the using amount per mu of potassium fulvate is 8kg, and the using amount per mu of clear manure is 1200 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol with mass concentration of 0.20% in the bud flowering period, wherein the spraying frequency is 2 times, the spraying interval is 7 days, spraying monopotassium phosphate with mass concentration of 0.3% in the late flowering period, the spraying frequency is 4 times, the spraying interval is 7 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out during the period, so that the moist surface is kept moist.
Comparative example 2
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 25 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the surface of the soil, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is respectively 400kg, 1800kg and 400kg per mu, and the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 1 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming a deep trench with the depth of 7 cm on the ground, wherein the distance between two adjacent trenches is 35 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and a compound fertilizer into the trenches, wherein the spreading amount per mu of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1400kg and 150kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the trenches, the potato seeds do not directly contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil with 8 cm, smoothing the surface of a compartment, then covering a film, the sowing density per mu is 3500 plants, and topdressing a seedling raising fertilizer after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clean manure, the using amount per mu of urea is 15kg, the using amount per mu of potassium fulvate is 4kg, and the using amount per mu of clean manure is 600 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol with the mass concentration of 0.20% in the bud flowering period, spraying for 2 times, spraying for 7 days at each time interval, alternately spraying green and Yinhui in the flowering period, spraying green for increasing the power, continuously spraying Yinhui after 5 days, and continuously spraying green for increasing the power after 5 days, wherein the spraying times are alternately repeated, the green for increasing the power and the Yinhui are both 3 times, spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.3% in the late flowering period, the spraying times are 4 times, the spraying interval time is 7 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out during the period, so that the moisture of the soil is kept moist.
Comparative example 3
A potato planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting a fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 25 cm in winter, then spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash on the surface of the soil, uniformly ploughing, and finely raking, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is 180kg, 1300kg and 200kg respectively, and the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 1 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing the potato stock seeds, accelerating the seed buds to sprout under scattered light, spraying 72% carbendazim on the surfaces of the potato stock seeds, and adding the carbendazim into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the potato stock seeds with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly, forming deep ditches with the depth of 13 cm on the ground, enabling the distance between every two adjacent ditches to be 45 cm, spreading thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and compound fertilizer into the ditches, wherein the mu spreading amount of the thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is 1400kg and 80kg respectively, then putting potato seeds into the ditches, enabling the potato seeds not to be in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil with 13 cm, smoothing the surface of a compartment, then covering a film, sowing with the density of 2500 seedlings per mu, and topdressing a seedling raising fertilizer after seedling aligning, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clean manure, the mu using amount of the urea is 15kg, the mu using amount of potassium fulvate is 8kg, and the mu using amount of clean manure is 1200 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying monopotassium phosphate with mass concentration of 0.3% at the later stage of flowering, wherein the spraying frequency is 4 times, the spraying interval time is 7 days, and pest control and timely watering are carried out during the spraying interval time, so that the moisture surface of the soil is kept moist.
Test examples
Selecting a land in an area with an altitude of more than 2500 m, averagely dividing the land into 6 blocks, planting potatoes on the 6 blocks of land respectively according to the methods in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3, watering in time, keeping the soil moisture surface moist, stopping watering in the half month before harvesting, weighing the yield of the potatoes on each land, calculating the per mu yield, and calculating the average potato bearing number of each potato plant, which is shown in table 1.
Table 1: potato output scale
As can be seen from the above table, the yield of potatoes planted according to the method of the present invention in examples 1-3 is high, the number of potatoes per plant is large, the yield per mu is up to 4450 kg, the number of potatoes per plant is up to 15, and the yield per mu and the number of potatoes per plant are far higher than those of comparative examples 1-3.
Comparing the method in comparative example 1 with the methods in examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that after the expanded vermiculite and the plant ash are added into the soil, the water retention and heat preservation performance of the soil can be effectively improved, the growth of the potatoes in a low-temperature environment is facilitated, the plant ash can provide a potassium fertilizer for the potatoes and promote the growth of the potatoes, and after the expanded vermiculite and the plant ash are replaced by the medical stone and the potassium sulfate, the growth of the potatoes is limited, and the yield is reduced finally; the carbendazim is sprayed on the surfaces of the potato seeds, so that bacteria on the potato seeds can be effectively killed, and the harm of the bacteria to the potato in the growth process is reduced.
Comparing the method of comparative example 2 with the methods of examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that increasing the usage amount of expanded vermiculite and plant ash during the soil preparation process not only does not increase the yield of potatoes, but also affects the growth of potatoes, reduces the yield of potatoes, and can reduce the usage amount of expanded vermiculite and plant ash as much as possible, which causes nutrient imbalance in soil and is not beneficial to the growth of potatoes.
Comparing the method in comparative example 3 with the methods in examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that both the depth of ditching and the thickness of the casing soil can affect the growth of potatoes, and the thickness of the casing soil is too large, which can affect the emergence of potatoes, reduce the rate of emergence, and further affect the yield of potatoes.
Claims (3)
1. A potato planting method in a high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fine land preparation: selecting fertile soil, deeply ploughing for 20-30 cm in winter, spreading expanded vermiculite, decomposed chicken manure and plant ash to the soil surface, wherein the spreading amount of each mu of the expanded vermiculite, the decomposed chicken manure and the plant ash is 80-200kg, 800kg and 300kg of 100-fold sand, and then uniformly ploughing, finely raking and leveling, wherein the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 2 mm;
(2) accelerating germination: piling and storing potato breeder seeds, accelerating short-shaped buds under scattered light after the breeder seeds germinate to obtain seed potatoes, spraying carbendazim on the surfaces of the seed potatoes, and then adding the seed potatoes into plant ash to uniformly cover the surfaces of the seed potatoes with the plant ash;
(3) fertilizing and seeding: sowing at the beginning of 2 months, firstly ditching on the ground, wherein the ditching depth is 5-8 cm, the distance between two adjacent ditches is 30-45 cm, spreading decomposed sheep manure and compound fertilizer into the ditches, the spreading amount per mu of the decomposed sheep manure and the compound fertilizer is respectively 800-1500kg and 60-100kg, then putting the seed potatoes into the ditches, the seed potatoes are not in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, then covering fine soil for 6-10 cm, covering a film after troweling the compartment surface, the sowing density per mu is 2500-3500 strain, topdressing the seedling fertilizer after seedling alignment, the seedling fertilizer is a mixture of urea, potassium sulfate and clear liquid manure, the mu usage amount of the urea is 5-20kg, the mu usage amount of the potassium sulfate is 5-10kg, and the mu usage amount of the clear liquid manure is 800-1500 kg;
(4) and (3) seedling introduction management: when 3-4 leaves are taken, leading the seedlings out of the film in the morning or evening, and then sealing the periphery of the seedling holes by using fine soil;
(5) field management: spraying paclobutrazol at the bud flowering period, wherein the mass concentration of paclobutrazol is 0.15-0.25%, the spraying frequency is 1-2 times, the spraying interval of each time is 5-10 days, alternately spraying green and Yinfei at the flowering period, spraying monopotassium phosphate at the late flowering period, the mass concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.1-0.3%, the spraying frequency is 3-4 times, the spraying interval of each time is 5-7 days, and performing pest control and timely watering during the period to keep the moist of the soil moisture surface.
2. The method for planting potatoes in high-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furrowing depth in the step (3) is 7 cm, and the distance between two adjacent furrows is 35 cm.
3. The method for planting potatoes in high-altitude areas as set forth in claim 1, wherein the planting density per mu in step (3) is 3000-3500.
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