CN107006261A - A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato - Google Patents
A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN107006261A CN107006261A CN201710312946.5A CN201710312946A CN107006261A CN 107006261 A CN107006261 A CN 107006261A CN 201710312946 A CN201710312946 A CN 201710312946A CN 107006261 A CN107006261 A CN 107006261A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/204—Formaldehyde
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/25—Rooms in buildings, passenger compartments
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, including selection of land, site preparation, seed selection and plant pre-treatment, farm manure sterilization, sowing, field management, harvest and the step such as store.Select to be used as planting site without the soil that solanaceae plant virus is remained, and the desinsection that carried out disinfection to planting site, the nontoxic potato of simultaneous selection is used as primary potato seed, and the sterilization that carried out disinfection to primary potato seed, in addition, high-temperature sterilization is carried out to farm manure, kill worm's ovum, it ensure that whole planting process is carried out in nontoxic environment, nontoxic two generations potato seed is obtained, and will be stored in the cellar of two generations potato seed after sterilization, and monthly uses potassium permanganate and formalin fumigation, avoid rotting and disease in storing process, ensure the quality of two generations potato seed.The two generations potato seed cultivated using aforesaid way, is detected through over sampling, all meets the requirement of one-level or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos, can large-scale plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of highlands virus-free seed potato it is efficient
Expanding propagation method.
Background technology
Potato is commonly called as potato, is of high nutritive value, and is the vegetables that many areas are enjoyed great popularity.The traditional breeding side of potato
Formula is bred for stem tuber, in long-term planting process, is contaminated by a variety of viruses, and is handed down from age to age, and is constantly accumulated and is propagated, draws
Kind of a sexual involution is played, quality is deteriorated, yield declines.In order to solve this problem, prior art is produced by the way of tissue cultures
Nontoxic potato seed, technical difficulty is larger, and input cost is high, and for common planting household, enforcement difficulty is larger.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, using tradition
The mode of stem tuber breeding, implementation cost is low, and common planting household can be realized, and obtained potato seed is nontoxic, and quality is higher.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, bag
Include following steps：
A, selection of land：Selection height above sea level does not have in 2500m to 3500m, on the sunny side ventilation, soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity, recent five years
Planted the soils of solanaceous crops as within planting site, and the surrounding 5km of planting site without plant of Solanaceae or crucifer；
B, site preparation：Before sowing 15 days to 20, in plantation ground surface sprinkling copperas solution, 25cm is then deep ploughed extremely
30cm, spreads the mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash by the thin leveling of soil rake, then in soil surface, deep ploughs again, make Cosan,
Plant ash, soil are well mixed；
C, seed selection and kind pre-treatment：
C1, from the one-level or two that regular shape, potato skin be bright and clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and produced by detoxification technology
Level toxicity-removing white potato is used as primary potato seed；
C2, the primary potato seed stripping and slicing by diameter more than 5cm, carry out disinfection before stripping and slicing to cutting knife, and every piece at least has two buds mouthful,
The primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety；
C3, the primary potato seed handled by step C2 are soaked 8 to 12 minutes in the mixed solution of potassium permanganate and limewash, are pulled out
Wrap plant ash again afterwards；
D, farm manure sterilization：The farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is sterilized 2 hours to 3 hours at a temperature of 100 DEG C to 150 DEG C；
E, sowing：Ditched on planting site, ditch depth 12cm is to 15cm, and the distance between adjacent two ditch is 30cm to 40cm, will be walked
The primary potato seed that rapid C3 is obtained is put into ditch, and the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds is 10cm to 15cm, then adjacent
Apply chemical fertilizer between two primary potato seeds, chemical fertilizer does not contact primary potato seed, the farm manure handled through step D, agriculture are then spread into ditch
Family's fertilizer covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer, and the cladding thickness of farm manure is 5cm to 8cm, and the soil of ditch both sides finally is inserted into ditch
In and overlying soil is built high, the distance on overlying soil surface to primary potato seed is more than or equal to 20cm；
F, field management：Weeds are periodically extracted, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, squaring period precipitation is manually filled when less
Irrigate；
G, harvest：Plant harvests at once when withered；
H, storage：
H1, with limewash the ground of cellar and wall are sterilized；
H2, selection diameter are more than 3cm, surface completely without the bright and clean individual of tattered, potato skin as the potato seed of two generations, by the soil on surface
Clean out, ventilation, temperature be 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, with scattered light or dark environment in stack 5 to 7 days, be then transferred to
Cellar；
H3, cellar temperature control are at 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, and relative humidity 90% to 95% is monthly stifling using potassium permanganate and formalin
Sterilization is once.
Further, in step B, the mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L, Cosan
With plant ash according to 1:10 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and every mu of consumption is 300kg.
Further, in step C2, at least two cutting knifes are selected, after medicining liquid dipping 10 minutes, one are taken out
Cutting knife, when the cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, is reentered into thimerosal, changed to primary potato seed stripping and slicing
With other cutting knife.
Further, in step E, chemical fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is
2:1:4, every mu of fertilizer amount is 250kg to 300kg.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The soil without solanaceae plant virus residual is selected as planting site, and to planting site
Carry out disinfection desinsection, and the nontoxic potato of simultaneous selection is as primary potato seed, and the sterilization that carried out disinfection to primary potato seed, in addition,
High-temperature sterilization is carried out to farm manure, worm's ovum is killed, it is ensured that whole planting process is carried out in nontoxic environment, obtains nontoxic nothing
Harmful two generations potato seed, while improving yield.It will be stored after receiving in two generations potato seed cellar after sterilization, and monthly use Gao Meng
Sour potassium and formalin fumigation, it is to avoid rotted in storing process and by disease, ensure the quality of two generations potato seed.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.
A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
A, selection of land：Selection height above sea level is used as plantation in the soil of 2500m to 3500m, on the sunny side ventilation, soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity
Ground, due to many plant viruses can in equal platymiscium survival and reproduction, potato belongs to plant of Solanaceae, other and Solanaceae is planted
The virus of thing may also in potato survival and reproduction, therefore, from do not planted in recent five years solanaceous crops soil make
For planting site, it is to avoid solanaceae plant virus remains and causes potato to infect, and without plant of Solanaceae within the surrounding 5km of planting site
Or crucifer, further reduce risk of the potato by disease.
B, site preparation：Before sowing 15 days to 20, in plantation ground surface sprinkling copperas solution, 25cm is then deep ploughed extremely
30cm, spreads the mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash by the thin leveling of soil rake, then in soil surface, deep ploughs again, make Cosan,
Plant ash, soil are well mixed.Ferrous sulfate has the effect of sterilization, is also the catalyst that plant manufactures chlorophyll, to plant
Growth play an important role, therefore can be used as chemical fertilizer.In addition, ferrous sulfate can also pest control and rot, be conducive to changing
Kind soil quality.Insect is further killed virus and eliminated to sulphur and plant ash, meanwhile, the salt that sulphur can be in sweetening of the soil
Alkali, reduces P in soil H, is more suitable for the growth of potato, and plant ash is rich in potassium element, is conducive to supplementing soil fertility.Sulfuric acid is sub-
The concentration and consumption of iron should be moderate, it is preferred that the mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L,
Cosan is with plant ash according to 1:10 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and every mu of fertilizer amount is 250kg to 300kg.
C, seed selection and kind pre-treatment：
C1, from the one-level or two that regular shape, potato skin be bright and clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and produced by detoxification technology
Level toxicity-removing white potato is used as primary potato seed.Primary potato seed, which can be bought, utilizes the existing nontoxic reproduction technique production such as tissue cultures
Potato, it is ensured that the primary potato seed five poisonous creatures: scorpion, viper, centipede, house lizard, toad are harmless, can breed the two generations potato seed for obtaining nonhazardous.
C2, the primary potato seed stripping and slicing by diameter more than 5cm, are carried out disinfection, every piece extremely before stripping and slicing using thimerosal to cutting knife
There are two buds mouthful less, the primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety；
C3, the primary potato seed handled by step C2 are soaked 8 to 12 minutes in the mixed solution of potassium permanganate and limewash, Gao Meng
The mass concentration of sour potassium solution is 5g/L or so, and the mass concentration of limewash is 5g/L or so, and both are according to 1:1 volume ratio is mixed
Close, for being carried out disinfection to primary potato seed surface, wrap plant ash after pulling out again, play a protective role, it is to avoid the infection external world
Germ.
D, farm manure sterilization：The farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is sterilized 2 hours to 3 hours at a temperature of 100 DEG C to 150 DEG C.Agriculture
Family's fertilizer, by high-temperature process, can kill disease therein using the mixture of stalk, animal wastes, the human feces become thoroughly decomposed etc.
The harmful substances such as bacterium, worm's ovum, it is ensured that potato grows in nontoxic environment.
E, sowing：Before sowing, sowing apparatus is carried out disinfection, can specifically be soaked using limewash or potassium permanganate solution
10 minutes or so.During sowing, on planting site ditch, ditch depth 12cm to 15cm, the distance between adjacent two ditch be 30cm extremely
40cm, the primary potato seed that step C3 is obtained is put into ditch, the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds be 10cm to 15cm, open
Ditch density and density of sowing can be adjusted according to fertilizer efficiency, local climate of soil etc., it is to avoid planting density is too small and wastes soil,
Avoid planting density excessive and cause fertilizer efficiency not enough.Then chemical fertilizer is applied between adjacent two primary potato seed, some chemical fertilizer are such as
Compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer can not directly be contacted with seed, it is to avoid influence germination, and therefore, in the present invention, the chemical fertilizer of application is not contacted
Primary potato seed.Then the farm manure handled through step D, the uniform spreading of farm manure, covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer are spread into ditch, and
The cladding thickness of farm manure is 5cm to 8cm, finally inserts in ditch the soil of ditch both sides and overlying soil is built into high, overburden soil
Layer surface is more than or equal to 20cm to the distance of primary potato seed, it is to avoid primary potato seed frost bitten when extraneous too low.
F, field management：Periodically extract weeds, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, the water requirement in potato squaring period compared with
Greatly, therefore, the man-made irrigation when precipitation is less.According to upgrowth situation, appropriate chemical fertilizer can be imposed.
G, harvest：Plant harvests at once when withered, carries out within 10 days before harvest cutting seedling with shining, to accelerate the epidermis of potato
Aging, loss during reduction storage.
H, storage：
H1, with limewash the ground of cellar and wall are sterilized, it is ensured that stored in sterile environment；
H2, selection diameter are more than 3cm, surface completely without the bright and clean individual of tattered, potato skin as the potato seed of two generations, and potato is just unearthed
When do not have full maturity, its respiration is gradually strengthened, epidermis gradually suberification, and water content can reduce by 5% or so, and discharge
Substantial amounts of heat, therefore, needs to be pre-stored, is specially before formal storage：The soil on surface is cleaned out, ventilation,
Temperature is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, with being stacked 5 to 7 days in scattered light or dark environment, it is passed through sufficient respiration, and
The mechanical damages such as surface broken skin, crowded wound, scratch heal completely.Cellar is transferred to again after the completion of pre-stored formally to be stored.
H3, cellar temperature control are in 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, relative humidity 90% to 95%, monthly using potassium permanganate and formalin
Fumigation is once, it is to avoid rot and disease pest infringement.
In step C2, at least two cutting knifes are selected, after medicining liquid dipping 10 minutes, one are taken out cutting knife to primary
Potato seed stripping and slicing, when the cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, such as primary potato seed tangent plane blacks, inside has insect
Deng being reentered into thimerosal, can be continuing with using after sterilization one end time, while using other cutting knife instead, it is to avoid be stained with
The cutting knife of dye insect or germ infects germ and insect to normal primary potato seed.
Further, in step E, chemical fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is
2:1:4, every mu of consumption is 250kg to 300kg.
Embodiment one
A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, be specially：Select height above sea level to be divulged information in 2500m, on the sunny side,
The soils of solanaceous crops was not planted in soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity, recent five years as planting site, and the week of planting site
Enclose within 5km without plant of Solanaceae or crucifer.It is molten in plantation ground surface sprinkling ferrous sulfate before sowing 15 0
Liquid, the mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L, and then deep plough 25cm, by the thin leveling of soil rake,
The mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash is spread in soil surface again, Cosan is with plant ash according to 1:10 mass ratio is uniformly mixed
Close, every mu of consumption is 300kg, is deep ploughed again, is well mixed Cosan, plant ash, soil.From regular shape, potato skin
Bright and clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and the one-level produced by detoxification technology or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos are used as primary kind
Potato, selects at least two cutting knifes, after using thimerosal, cutting knife is soaked 10 minutes, takes out one cutting knife to primary potato seed stripping and slicing,
When the cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, thimerosal is reentered into, other cutting knife is used instead.Every piece of kind
Potato at least has two buds mouthful, and the primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety.Then by potato seed in Gao Meng
The mixed solution of sour potassium and limewash soaks 8 minutes, wraps plant ash after pulling out again.Temperature by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed at 100 DEG C
The lower sterilization of degree 2 hours；Ditched on planting site, the cm of ditch depth 12, the distance between adjacent two ditch is 30cm, and primary potato seed is put
Enter in ditch, the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds is 10cm, then applies chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer between adjacent two primary potato seed
It is 2 including weight ratio:1:4 nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, every mu of fertilizer amount is 250kg, notices that chemical fertilizer is not contacted during fertilising
Primary potato seed.Then the farm manure after sterilization, farm manure covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer are spread into ditch, and the covering of farm manure is thick
Spend for 5cm；Finally the soil of ditch both sides is inserted in ditch and overlying soil is built high, overlying soil surface to primary potato seed away from
From for 20cm.Periodically extract weeds, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, man-made irrigation when squaring period precipitation is less.Plant
Harvested at once when withered.The ground of cellar and wall are sterilized with limewash, selection diameter be more than 3cm, surface completely without it is tattered,
The bright and clean individual of potato skin cleans out the soil on surface as the potato seed of two generations, is 15 DEG C, with scattered light in ventilation, temperature
Or stacked 5 days in dark environment, then it is transferred to cellar；Cellar temperature control is at 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, relative humidity 90% to 95%, often
The moon uses potassium permanganate and formalin fumigation once.
During using traditional planting patterns, the yield of potato is every mu of 3000kg or so, present embodiment ensure that potato exists
Grown in nontoxic environment, average every mu yield is 3658kg, and the two generations potato seed of cultivation is detected through over sampling, all full
The requirement of sufficient one-level or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos, can large-scale plantation.
Embodiment two
A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, be specially：Select height above sea level to be divulged information in 3000m, on the sunny side,
The soils of solanaceous crops was not planted in soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity, recent five years as planting site, and the week of planting site
Enclose within 5km without plant of Solanaceae or crucifer.It is molten in plantation ground surface sprinkling ferrous sulfate before sowing 18 days
Liquid, the mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L, and then deep plough 28cm, by the thin leveling of soil rake,
The mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash is spread in soil surface again, Cosan is with plant ash according to 1:10 mass ratio is uniformly mixed
Close, every mu of consumption is 300kg, is deep ploughed again, is well mixed Cosan, plant ash, soil.From regular shape, potato skin
Bright and clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and the one-level produced by detoxification technology or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos are used as primary kind
Potato, selects at least two cutting knifes, after using thimerosal, cutting knife is soaked 10 minutes, takes out one cutting knife to primary potato seed stripping and slicing,
When the cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, thimerosal is reentered into, other cutting knife is used instead.Every piece of kind
Potato at least has two buds mouthful, and the primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety.Then by potato seed in Gao Meng
The mixed solution of sour potassium and limewash soaks 10 minutes, wraps plant ash after pulling out again.Temperature by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed at 120 DEG C
The lower sterilization of degree 2.5 hours；Ditched on planting site, ditch depth 14cm, the distance between adjacent two ditch is 35cm, and primary potato seed is put
Enter in ditch, the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds is 13cm, then applies chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer between adjacent two primary potato seed
It is 2 including weight ratio:1:4 nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, every mu of fertilizer amount is 280kg, notices that chemical fertilizer is not contacted during fertilising
Primary potato seed.Then the farm manure after sterilization, farm manure covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer are spread into ditch, and the covering of farm manure is thick
Spend for 7cm；Finally the soil of ditch both sides is inserted in ditch and overlying soil is built high, overlying soil surface to primary potato seed away from
From for 25cm.Periodically extract weeds, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, man-made irrigation when squaring period precipitation is less.Plant
Harvested at once when withered.The ground of cellar and wall are sterilized with limewash, selection diameter be more than 3cm, surface completely without it is tattered,
The bright and clean individual of potato skin cleans out the soil on surface as the potato seed of two generations, is 18 DEG C, with scattered light in ventilation, temperature
Or stacked 6 days in dark environment, then it is transferred to cellar；Cellar temperature control is at 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, relative humidity 90% to 95%, often
The moon uses potassium permanganate and formalin fumigation once.
During using traditional planting patterns, the yield of potato is every mu of 3000kg or so, present embodiment ensure that potato exists
Grown in nontoxic environment, average every mu yield is 3857kg, and the two generations potato seed of cultivation is detected through over sampling, all full
The requirement of sufficient one-level or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos, can large-scale plantation.
Embodiment three
A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, be specially：Select height above sea level to be divulged information in 3500m, on the sunny side,
The soils of solanaceous crops was not planted in soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity, recent five years as planting site, and the week of planting site
Enclose within 5km without plant of Solanaceae or crucifer.Before sowing 20, in plantation ground surface sprinkling copperas solution,
The mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L, and then deep plough 30cm, by the thin leveling of soil rake, then
The mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash is spread in soil surface, Cosan is with plant ash according to 1:10 mass ratio is uniformly mixed,
Every mu of consumption is 300kg, is deep ploughed again, is well mixed Cosan, plant ash, soil.From regular shape, potato skin light
Clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and the one-level produced by detoxification technology or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos are used as primary potato seed,
At least two cutting knifes are selected, after cutting knife is soaked 10 minutes using thimerosal, one are taken out cutting knife to primary potato seed stripping and slicing, when this
When cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, thimerosal is reentered into, other cutting knife is used instead.Every piece of potato seed is extremely
There are two buds mouthful less, the primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety.Then by potato seed in potassium permanganate
Soaked 12 minutes with the mixed solution of limewash, wrap plant ash after pulling out again.By the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed at a temperature of 150 DEG C
Sterilization 3 hours；Ditched on planting site, ditch depth 15cm, the distance between adjacent two ditch is 40cm, and primary potato seed is put into ditch
In, the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds is 15cm, then applies chemical fertilizer between adjacent two primary potato seed, chemical fertilizer includes
Weight ratio is 2:1:4 nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, every mu of fertilizer amount is 300kg, notices that chemical fertilizer does not contact primary during fertilising
Potato seed.Then the farm manure after sterilization, farm manure covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer are spread into ditch, and the cladding thickness of farm manure is
8cm；Finally the soil of ditch both sides is inserted in ditch and overlying soil is built high, the distance of overlying soil surface to primary potato seed is big
In or equal to 20cm.Periodically extract weeds, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, man-made irrigation when squaring period precipitation is less.
Plant harvests at once when withered.The ground of cellar and wall are sterilized with limewash, selection diameter is more than 3cm, the complete nothing in surface
The bright and clean individual of tattered, potato skin cleans out the soil on surface as the potato seed of two generations, is 20 DEG C, with scattered in ventilation, temperature
Penetrate in the environment of light or dark and stack 7 days, be then transferred to cellar；Cellar temperature control at 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, relative humidity 90% to
95%, monthly using potassium permanganate and formalin fumigation once.
During using traditional planting patterns, the yield of potato is every mu of 3000kg or so, present embodiment ensure that potato exists
Grown in nontoxic environment, average every mu yield is 3621kg, and the two generations potato seed of cultivation is detected through over sampling, all full
The requirement of sufficient one-level or two grades of toxicity-removing white potatos, can large-scale plantation.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, selection of land：Selection height above sea level does not have in 2500m to 3500m, on the sunny side ventilation, soil plumpness, soil property slant acidity, recent five years
Planted the soils of solanaceous crops as within planting site, and the surrounding 5km of planting site without plant of Solanaceae or crucifer；
B, site preparation：Before sowing 15 days to 20, in plantation ground surface sprinkling copperas solution, 25cm is then deep ploughed extremely
30cm, spreads the mixed-powder of Cosan and plant ash by the thin leveling of soil rake, then in soil surface, deep ploughs again, make Cosan,
Plant ash, soil are well mixed；
C, seed selection and kind pre-treatment：
C1, from the one-level or two that regular shape, potato skin be bright and clean, bright and lustrous, diameter is more than 3cm and produced by detoxification technology
Level toxicity-removing white potato is used as primary potato seed；
C2, the primary potato seed stripping and slicing by diameter more than 5cm, carry out disinfection before stripping and slicing to cutting knife, and every piece at least has two buds mouthful,
The primary potato seed that diameter is less than or equal to 5cm remains an entirety；
C3, the primary potato seed handled by step C2 are soaked 8 to 12 minutes in the mixed solution of potassium permanganate and limewash, are pulled out
Wrap plant ash again afterwards；
D, farm manure sterilization：The farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is sterilized 2 hours to 3 hours at a temperature of 100 DEG C to 150 DEG C；
E, sowing：Ditched on planting site, ditch depth 12cm is to 15cm, and the distance between adjacent two ditch is 30cm to 40cm, will be walked
The primary potato seed that rapid C3 is obtained is put into ditch, and the spacing between adjacent two pieces of primary potato seeds is 10cm to 15cm, then adjacent
Apply chemical fertilizer between two primary potato seeds, chemical fertilizer does not contact primary potato seed, the farm manure handled through step D, agriculture are then spread into ditch
Family's fertilizer covering primary potato seed and chemical fertilizer, and the cladding thickness of farm manure is 5cm to 8cm, and the soil of ditch both sides finally is inserted into ditch
In and overlying soil is built high, the distance on overlying soil surface to primary potato seed is more than or equal to 20cm；
F, field management：Weeds are periodically extracted, drainage trenching draining during excessive rainfall, squaring period precipitation is manually filled when less
Irrigate；
G, harvest：Plant harvests at once when withered；
H, storage：
H1, with limewash the ground of cellar and wall are sterilized；
H2, selection diameter are more than 3cm, surface completely without the bright and clean individual of tattered, potato skin as the potato seed of two generations, by the soil on surface
Clean out, ventilation, temperature be 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, with scattered light or dark environment in stack 5 to 7 days, be then transferred to
Cellar；
H3, cellar temperature control are at 3 DEG C to 5 DEG C, and relative humidity 90% to 95% is monthly stifling using potassium permanganate and formalin
Sterilization is once.
2. a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step B, the mass concentration of copperas solution is 2g/L, and every mu of consumption is 100L, and Cosan is with plant ash according to 1:10
Mass ratio uniformly mix, every mu of consumption is 300kg.
3. a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step C2, at least two cutting knifes are selected, after medicining liquid dipping 10 minutes, one is taken out and cutting knife is cut to primary potato seed
Block, when the cutting knife cuts the primary potato seed of some internal abnormality, is reentered into thimerosal, uses other cutting knife instead.
4. a kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step E, chemical fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 2:1:4, every mu of chemical fertilizer is used
Measure as 250kg to 300kg.
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| CN111937705A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-17 | 西昌学院 | High-yield planting method for potatoes |
| CN111937704A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-17 | 西昌学院 | Potato planting method for high-altitude areas |
| CN111955091A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-20 | 湖北省益客迅电子商务有限公司 | Slicing and disinfecting method for potato planting |
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