CN105706731A - Detoxification potato seed cultivation method applicable to Qin-Ba mountain areas - Google Patents
Detoxification potato seed cultivation method applicable to Qin-Ba mountain areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN105706731A CN105706731A CN201610228624.8A CN201610228624A CN105706731A CN 105706731 A CN105706731 A CN 105706731A CN 201610228624 A CN201610228624 A CN 201610228624A CN 105706731 A CN105706731 A CN 105706731A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005602 Coleus parviflorus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000305231 Coleus tuberosus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- AIMMVWOEOZMVMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1CC1 AIMMVWOEOZMVMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014284 seed dormancy process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a detoxification potato seed cultivation method based on potato seed physiological age control. According to the detoxification potato seed cultivation method, harvested potato seeds have 4 physiological age stages such as a quiescent stage, an apical bud stage, a full bud stage and an excessive germination stage, wherein the full bud stage is the optimal physiological age of potato seeds for planting. The physiological age of the potato seeds is controlled by selecting the potato seeds cultivated at different altitudes in different cultivation seasons and in different planting seasons according to expressions of each stage of harvested potato seeds of a main potato cultivation variety at different altitudes in different cultivation seasons in Qin-Ba mountain areas, so that the potato seeds for commercial potato production and potato seed breeding and planting at different levels are in the optimal physiological age to increase the yield of potato seed breeding and commercial potato production. Compared with potato seed physiological age control methods such as low-temperature storage and chemical treatment, the detoxification potato seed cultivation method is ingenious in technical design, simple, convenient, practical, energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seed potato raising technology field, particularly relate to a kind of virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of seed potato physiological age.
Background technology
China is that whole world Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produces the first big country, and cultivated area accounts for the 20～25% of world's Rhizoma Solani tuber osi gross area, and total producing accounts for the 18% of the world, accounts for the 70% of Asia, but unit yield is but well below developed countries such as America and Europes.Potato seed quality is the principal element affecting potato yield.In the prior art, potato seed detoxification technology is widely used in improving potato seed quality.Detoxification technology is conducive to Potato Cultivars to keep good strains of seeds, it is ensured that High Yield Potato stable yields.On the other hand, the physiological age of potato seed is also affect seed potato to breed and the key factor of commodity potato production yields.The physiological age of seed potato refers to seed potato dormancy at seeding time or germination state, relevant with the composite factor such as the inherited character of plant tissue cell, various hormonal readiness, nutrient and moisture, and by the impact of environmental factors.Sowing with the potato seed not entirely through dormancy, field emergence is late, and irregular；Potato seed storage time is long, excessively can consume nutrient because germinateing again by the potato seed after dormancy, accelerate aging.Sow the potato seed not entirely through dormancy or aging and all can have a strong impact on Rhizoma Solani tuber osi all yield.The dormancy of research seed potato and germination process, determine that potato seed is suitable for the best physiological age stage sowed, and with adopting the physiological age of simple and practical method adjustment virus-free seed potato, it is used in the potato seed sowing in the best physiological age stage of suitable sowing, is the key factor obtaining High Yield Potato.
According to the change of milpa height above sea level and the different planting such as booth, mulch film, open country, China's Qin_Ba mountain areas potato sowing is continued until Second Year April from annual December, and crops for rotation are many, and sowing time is long.Therefore, on producing, most crops for rotation can not be used in the potato seed sowing in best physiological age stage.Prior art adjusts the modes such as kind, chemokine process to regulate and control potato seed physiological age mainly through potato seed cryopreservation, strange land.But cryopreservation and strange land are adjusted kind of cost all higher and cannot fully meet the many crops for rotation of Qin_Ba mountain areas Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the requirement of long sowing season.Chemokine processes often by various factors such as kind, potato seed dormancy depth and intensity, treatment agent concentration, treatment temperature and process times, Artificial Control treatment effect is more difficult, production often occurs the rotten kind because HORMONE TREATMENT misoperation causes, the problems such as uneven, seedling excessive growth of emerging.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above, the present invention utilizes Qin_Ba mountain areas different altitude height weather conditions, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to produce storage period temperature contrast after season and potato harvest, produce period by reasonable arrangement detoxic seedling expanding propagation, original silkworm egg and original seed, one-level kind produce region, sowing and harvest time, regulate and control the physiological age of potato seed at different levels, and rationally select commodity potato to produce the source of potato seed used, make the potato seed selected during each crops for rotation potato sowing all reach best physiological age.Thus reaching potato seed at different levels to breed the best physiological age stage that potato seed physiological age selected when producing sowing with ware potato as is in being suitable for sowing.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides techniques below scheme:
A kind of based on seed potato physiological age regulation and control virus-free seed potato mating system, its to the effect that the method comprise the following steps:
(1) seed potato after results being divided into rest period, terminal bud phase, full bud phase and four physiological age sections of excessive phase of germinateing according to its physiological change and growth course, by experimental study, the clearly full bud phase is the best physiological age stage of suitable sowing.
(2) experimental observation is passed through, Qin_Ba mountain areas Rhizoma Solani tuber osi Main Cultivars is in the different stage potato seed of different altitude height and different cultivation season breeding, preserve under natural conditions in each self-reproduction compartment after results, the performance of potato seed physiological age full bud time period phase is as follows: 1. in below height above sea level 800m area, the original silkworm egg full bud phase transplanting detoxic seedling results in 5～June spring is 90～115d after results, autumn transplants detoxic seedling, and the original silkworm egg full bud phase of 11～December results is 120～150d after results；August is sowed, and the original seed full bud phase of late November results is 100～140d after results；2. height above sea level 1100～1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA sows original seed that late June to early July gathers in the crops spring, the one-level kind full bud phase is 150～210d after results；3. spring is sowed the original seed of late July results in height above sea level 1300m above alpine region, the one-level kind full bud phase is 200～250d after results.
(3) sowing area height above sea level, planting type, sowing time regulation and control potato seed source are produced according to different crops for rotation ware potato as, make each crops for rotation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produce the physiological age of one-level kind used by suitable seedtime and be in the full bud phase: the booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of below height above sea level 800m area early December sowing and the mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of sowing in January are selected and breed at height above sea level 1100～1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA, the one-level kind cultivation that late June to early July gathers in the crops；Height above sea level 800m area above by height above sea level from low to high, starts sowing mid-February, until the mulch film of early April sowing end and open country potato culture, selects in height above sea level 1300m above alpine region breeding, the one-level kind cultivation of late July results.
(4) requirement according to the breeding one-level kind sowing time, with the method regulation and control original seed physiological age adjusting original silkworm egg sowing time and height above sea level, detoxic seedling transplanting time and detoxic seedling expanding propagation period is required to regulate further according to original silkworm egg physiological age, setting up following two original silkworm egg, original seed, three grades of potato seed breeding modes of one-level kind, physiological age when making original silkworm egg, original seed sow is in the full bud phase:
1. expanding propagation detoxic seedling in First Year January～mid-February；Late Febuary transplants detoxic seedling in the insect-proof net chamber of below height above sea level 800m area covered plastic booth, and mid-May gathers in the crops original silkworm egg；Mid-August is at below height above sea level 800m area outdoor sowing original silkworm egg, late November results original seed.Second Year early March sows breeding stock one-level kind in height above sea level 1100～1300m area, and late March sows breeding stock one-level kind to early April in more than height above sea level 1300m area.
2. First Year expanding propagation in 7～August detoxic seedling；Early September, in below height above sea level 800m area, transplants detoxic seedling, late November results original silkworm egg in insect-proof net chamber.Second Year late March is to early April at more than height above sea level 1300m area sowing original silkworm egg, and late July gathers in the crops original seed.In early March, the 3rd is in height above sea level 1100～1300m area, sows breeding stock one-level kind；Late March in more than height above sea level 1300m area, sows breeding stock one-level kind to early April.
Under field conditions (factors), sprout to bud need to through 2～3 months rest periods by gathering in the crops for seed potato, and in rest period, potato seed is not germinateed；First rest period is that potato seed terminal bud is sprouted germination after terminating, after terminal bud sprouts a period of time, other eye in potato seed just starts germination of sprouting, the whole eye of potato seed exceedes certain time after germinateing, potato seed enters excessive germination period, now potato seed again can because of germinateing excessively, and nutrient loss is serious and affects after planting yield.The present invention starts to calculate potato seed physiological age from potato harvest, and is divided into rest period, terminal bud phase, full bud phase and four physiological age sections of excessive phase of germinateing according to seed potato physiological change and growth course.By testing, research seed potato physiological age shows relation with after planting yield, thereby determines that the full bud phase is the best physiological age that seed potato is suitable for sowing.Then utilizing Qin_Ba mountain areas Different Altitude and reasonable arrangement potato seed at different levels breeding season sowing season and region, regulate and control potato seed physiological age, making Rhizoma Solani tuber osi potato seed at different levels all reach best physiological age at seeding time, thus improving potato yield.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by purpose selecting the height above sea level of front season potato seed breeding and regulating and controlling the physiological age of seed potato sowing season, and thereby determine that original silkworm egg mating period and detoxic seedling expanding propagation period, set up potato seed breeding of method, the potato seed that zones of different, different crops for rotation ware potato as productions and detoxification at different levels use when breeding sowing is made all to reach best physiological age, thus improving the yield that seed potato is bred and commodity potato produces.Compared with the potato seed physiological age such as potato seed cryopreservation and chemical treatment regulation and control method, the technology of the present invention design is ingenious, simple and practical, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that virus-free seed potato breeds flow process arrangement in season and potato seed selects schematic diagram.In figure, down arrow represents that flow process is bred in potato seed, represents that commodity potato produces the potato seed source that should select to upward arrow.Such as, the one-level kind that below height above sea level 800m area December booth potato sowing selection height above sea level 1100～1300m area late June to early July gathers in the crops；In below height above sea level 800m area, mid-August sows original silkworm egg, the original seed of late November results, is respectively used to sow breeding stock one-level kind or late March to early April in more than height above sea level 1300m area sowing breeding stock one-level kind at early March in height above sea level 1100～1300m area in next season.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
First Year January～mid-February expanding propagation detoxic seedling, late Febuary transplants detoxic seedling, gathers in the crops original silkworm egg mid-May, and mid-August, late November gathered in the crops at below height above sea level 800m area autumn sowing original silkworm egg breeding original seed.This original seed one is in height above sea level 1100～1300m area seed propagation one-level kind at Second Year early March, late June to early July results one-level kind, the mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi winter sowing of the booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi sowed for height above sea level 800m region below Second Year December and in January, the 3rd sowing；Two is in more than height above sea level 1300m area seed propagation one-level kind, late July results one-level kind at Second Year late March to early April, sows in spring for more than the height above sea level 800m area mulch film that in mid-February, the 3rd to early April is sowed, open country Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
Embodiment 2
First Year expanding propagation detoxic seedling in July to August, early September transplants detoxic seedling, late November results original silkworm egg, and Second Year late March is to early April at more than height above sea level 1300m area sowing original silkworm egg, and late July gathers in the crops original seed.This original seed one is that in early March, the 3rd is at height above sea level 1100～1300m area seed propagation one-level kind, late June to early July results, the mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi winter sowing of the booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi sowed for height above sea level 800m region below December and in January, the 4th sowing；Two be in late March, the 3rd to early April in more than height above sea level 1300m area seed propagation one-level kind, late July gathers in the crops, for more than the height above sea level 800m area mulch film that in mid-February, the 4th to early April sow, the spring sowing of open country Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
All storage extremely sowings under the indoor nature temperature environment of breeding spot after both the above embodiment potato seed results at different levels.
The following is the regulated potato seed of part and not regulated potato seed result of use comparative test:
Embodiment 1
Booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi winter sowing is tested
On December 10th, 2012, booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is sowed at height above sea level 502m place, sowing kind is Early cropping potato kind " early-spring herbs ", A is selected in potato seed respectively: height above sea level about 1200m breeds early July and gathers in the crops and preserve the one-level kind to sowing, the one-level kind to sowing was gathered in the crops and preserved to B: height above sea level about 1400m breeding late July, and after planting period of duration and yield performance is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration and Yield compari@
According to the inventive method, the potato seed A that booth potato sowing is selected is the potato seed through physiological age regulation and control, and the potato seed B of selection belongs to the potato seed without physiological age regulation and control.As can be seen from Table 1, the booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of December sowing on the 10th uses the one-level kind sowing 11d more Zao than the one-level kind insemination and emergence used without the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age through the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age, and results are 6d early, and yield is high by 33%.
Embodiment 2
Mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is sowed in spring and tests
On February 18th, 2013, height above sea level 822m place sow mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, kind is potato seed Potato Cultivars " red U.S. ", potato seed originate respectively C: height above sea level 1360m place breeding late July results one-level kind, D: height above sea level 1160m place breed late June gather in the crops one-level kind.All preserving 3d to sowing in breeding after potato seed results, after planting period of duration and yield performance is as shown in table 2.
Table 2: mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration and Yield compari@
According to the inventive method, sowing mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi at height above sea level 822m place, select height above sea level 1360m place breeding potato seed C to belong to the potato seed through physiological age regulation and control, the potato seed D of selection belongs to the potato seed without physiological age regulation and control.Table 2 can be seen that, sowed the D potato seed volume increase 11.7% that film-mulching cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi uses the C potato seed through the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age more not regulated than using on February 17 at height above sea level 822m place.Germinate excessively during not regulated D potato seed sowing, though after planting emerging early but plant growing way is more weak, later stage performance senilism.
Embodiment 3
Initial strain breeding test in autumn
On August 15th, 2014, original silkworm egg breeding original seed is sowed at height above sea level 520m place, kind is Mid-late ripening Potato Cultivars " NCC ", and original silkworm egg is selected respectively and transplanted the original silkworm egg (E) of detoxic seedling results mid-May in 580m place late Febuary in height above sea level spring in 2014 and transplant the original silkworm egg (F) that detoxic seedling early June gathers in the crops in 3 months.All store when Indoor Natural after original silkworm egg results.After planting period of duration, emergence rate, yield is in Table 3.
Table 3: original seed autumn numerous test
According to the inventive method, sowing original silkworm egg breeding original seed at height above sea level 520m place, the original silkworm egg E of use belongs to the original silkworm egg through physiological age regulation and control, and original silkworm egg F is the original silkworm egg without physiological age regulation and control.Table 3 can be seen that, the autumn, numerous original seed used the original silkworm egg without physiological age regulation and control, emerged late, and emergence rate is low, the original silkworm egg breeding underproduction 60.5% that original seed yield is more regulated than using.
Claims (3)
1. the virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potato after results is divided into rest period, terminal bud phase, full bud phase and excessive four physiological age stages of germination period according to its physiological change and growth course, by experimental study, the clearly full bud phase is the best physiological age stage of suitable sowing；
(2) experimental observation is passed through, Qin_Ba mountain areas Rhizoma Solani tuber osi Main Cultivars is in the different stage potato seed of different altitude height and different cultivation season breeding, preserve under natural conditions in each self-reproduction compartment after results, the performance of potato seed physiological age full bud time period phase is as follows: 1. in below height above sea level 800m area, the original silkworm egg full bud phase transplanting detoxic seedling results in 5～June spring is 90～115d after results, autumn transplants detoxic seedling, and the original silkworm egg full bud phase of 11～December results is 120～150d after results；August is sowed, and the original seed full bud phase of late November results is 100～140d after results；2. height above sea level 1100～1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA sows original seed that late June to early July gathers in the crops spring, the one-level kind full bud phase is 150～210d after results；3. spring is sowed the original seed of late July results in height above sea level 1300m above alpine region, the one-level kind full bud phase is 200～250d after results；
(3) produce sowing area height above sea level, planting type, sowing time regulation and control potato seed source according to different crops for rotation ware potato as, make each crops for rotation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produce the physiological age of one-level kind used by suitable seedtime and be in the full bud phase；The booth Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of below height above sea level 800m area early December sowing and the mulch film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of sowing in January are selected and breed at height above sea level 1100～1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA, the one-level kind cultivation that late June to early July gathers in the crops；Height above sea level 800m area above by height above sea level from low to high, starts sowing mid-February, until the mulch film of early April sowing end and open country potato culture, selects in height above sea level 1300m above alpine region breeding, the one-level kind cultivation of late July results；
(4) requirement according to the breeding one-level kind sowing time, with the method regulation and control original seed physiological age adjusting original silkworm egg sowing time and height above sea level, detoxic seedling transplanting time and detoxic seedling expanding propagation period is required to regulate further according to original silkworm egg physiological age, setting up original silkworm egg, original seed, three grades of potato seed breeding modes of one-level kind, physiological age when making original silkworm egg, original seed sow is in the full bud phase.
2. a kind of three grades of potato seed breeding modes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: First Year January～mid-February expanding propagation detoxic seedling；Late Febuary transplants detoxic seedling in the insect-proof net chamber of below height above sea level 800m area covered plastic booth, and mid-May gathers in the crops original silkworm egg；Mid-August is at below height above sea level 800m area outdoor sowing original silkworm egg, late November results original seed；Second Year early March sows breeding stock one-level kind in height above sea level 1100～1300m area, and late March sows breeding stock one-level kind to early April in more than height above sea level 1300m area.
3. a kind of three grades of potato seed breeding modes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: First Year expanding propagation in 7～August detoxic seedling；Early September transplants detoxic seedling in the insect-proof net chamber of below height above sea level 800m area, late November results original silkworm egg；Second Year late March sows original silkworm egg to early April in height above sea level 1100～1300m area, and late July gathers in the crops original seed；In early March, the 3rd sows breeding stock one-level kind in height above sea level 1100～1300m area, and late March sows breeding stock one-level kind to early April in more than height above sea level 1300m area.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107006261A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-04 | 云南广汇种植有限公司 | A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato |
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| CN101317524A (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2008-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Regulating and controlling, processing method for white potato seed |
| KR20100052026A (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-19 | (주) 마이크로프랜츠 | Method for mass production of micro potato by bioreactor culture |
| CN104521491A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 云南诚兴农业发展有限责任公司 | Expanding propagation method for detoxified potato seeds of potatoes |
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| CN107006261A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-04 | 云南广汇种植有限公司 | A kind of efficient expanding propagation method of highlands virus-free seed potato |
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