CN105706731B - A kind of virus-free seed potato mating system of suitable Qin_Ba mountain areas - Google Patents

A kind of virus-free seed potato mating system of suitable Qin_Ba mountain areas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105706731B
CN105706731B CN201610228624.8A CN201610228624A CN105706731B CN 105706731 B CN105706731 B CN 105706731B CN 201610228624 A CN201610228624 A CN 201610228624A CN 105706731 B CN105706731 B CN 105706731B
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potato
seed
sowing
harvest
height above
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CN105706731A (en
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葛茜
刘勇
郝兴顺
吴玉红
葛红心
王胜宝
魏玲
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Hanzhoung Institute Of Agricultural Sciences (shaanxi Rice Research Institute)
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Hanzhoung Institute Of Agricultural Sciences (shaanxi Rice Research Institute)
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age, potato seed after harvest is to the effect that divided into rest period, terminal bud phase, full sprouting stage, 4 physiological age stages of excessive germination period by it according to its physiological change and growth course, and full sprouting stage is the optimal physiological age that potato seed is suitably sowed.According to full sprouting stage period performance after Qin_Ba mountain areas Different Altitude and cultivation season potato Main Cultivars potato seed harvests at different levels, regulate and control the physiological age of seed potato by selecting the potato seed of Different Altitude and sowing season breeding, selected potato seed is in the optimal physiological age stage when production of commodity potato and different stage potato seed is bred sowing, improves seed potato with this and breeds the yield produced with commodity potato.Compared with the potato seed physiological age regulation and control method such as cryopreservation and chemical treatment, the technology of the present invention is ingenious in design, simple and practical, energy-conserving and environment-protective.

Description

A kind of virus-free seed potato mating system of suitable Qin_Ba mountain areas
Technical field
The present invention relates to seed potato raising technology field, more particularly to a kind of seed potato physiological age that is based on to adjust The virus-free seed potato mating system of control.
Background technology
China is that global potato produces the first big country, and cultivated area accounts for the 20~25% of world's potato gross area, always Production accounts for the 18% of the world, accounts for the 70% of Asia, but unit yield is but well below developed countries such as America and Europes.Potato seed quality is Influence the principal element of potato yield.In the prior art, potato seed detoxification technology is widely used in improving potato seed quality.It is de- Malicious technology is advantageous to Potato Cultivars and keeps good strains of seeds, it is ensured that High Yield Potato stable yields.On the other hand, the physiological age of potato seed And influence an important factor for seed potato is bred with commodity potato production yields.The physiological age of seed potato refers to Ma Ling Potato potato seed dormancy at seeding time or germination state, hereditary capacity, various hormonal readinesses, nutrient and water with plant tissue cell Composite factor of grading is relevant, and is influenceed by environmental factor.Sowed with not entirely through the potato seed of dormancy, field emergence evening, and It is irregular;Potato seed storage time is long, can consume nutrient because germinateing excessively again by the potato seed after dormancy, accelerate aging.Broadcast Kind can all have a strong impact on potato all yield not entirely through the potato seed of dormancy or aging.Study dormancy and the hair of seed potato Bud process, the optimal physiological age stage that potato seed is suitably sowed is determined, and virus-free seed potato is adjusted with using simple and practical method Physiological age, the potato seed sowing in the optimal physiological age stage for being used in suitably sowing, is the weight for obtaining High Yield Potato Want factor.
According to the different plantings such as the change of milpa height above sea level and greenhouse, mulch film, open country, China Qin_Ba mountain areas Ma Ling Potato sowing is continued until Second Year April from annual December, and crops for rotation are more, sowing time length.Therefore, most crops for rotation can not in production It is used in the potato seed sowing in optimal physiological age stage.Prior art mainly adjusts kind, chemistry by potato seed cryopreservation, strange land The modes such as HORMONE TREATMENT regulate and control potato seed physiological age.But cryopreservation and strange land are adjusted kind of cost all higher and can not fully met The more crops for rotation of Qin_Ba mountain areas potato, the requirement of long sowing season.Chemokine processing is often by kind, potato seed dormancy depth and strong The many factors such as degree, treatment agent concentration, treatment temperature and processing time influence, and manual control treatment effect is more difficult, production It is upper often to occur because of rotten kind, uneven emergence, the seedling excessive growth caused by HORMONE TREATMENT misoperation the problems such as.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention utilizes Qin_Ba mountain areas different altitude height weather conditions, potato production season With storage period temperature difference after potato harvest, period and original seed, one-level are produced by reasonable arrangement detoxification seedling and propagating, original silkworm egg Kind producing region, sowing and harvest time, to regulate and control the physiological age of potato seeds at different levels, and reasonable selection commodity potato production kind used The source of potato, the potato seed for making to select during each crops for rotation potato sowing reach optimal physiological age.It is numerous so as to reach potato seeds at different levels Educate potato seed physiological age selected when producing sowing with ware potato as and be in the optimal physiological age stage suitably sowed.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of seed potato physiological age, it to the effect that should Method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed potato after harvest is divided into rest period, the terminal bud phase, complete according to its physiological change and growth course Sprouting stage and excessive four physiological age sections of phase of germinateing, by experimental study, clearly full sprouting stage is the optimal physiology year suitably sowed Age grade section.
(2) by experimental observation, Qin_Ba mountain areas potato Main Cultivars are in different altitude height and different cultivation seasons The different stage potato seed of breeding is saved, is stored after harvest in each self-reproduction compartment under natural conditions, the full sprouting stage of potato seed physiological age Period performance is as follows:1. regional below height above sea level 800m, the full sprouting stage of original silkworm egg of spring transplanting detoxic seedling harvest in 5~June For 90~115d after harvest, autumn transplanting detoxic seedling, 11~December harvest the full sprouting stage of original silkworm egg for after harvest 120~ 150d;August part is sowed, and the full sprouting stage of original seed of late November harvest is 100~140d after harvest;2. in 1100~1300m of height above sea level Alpine region spring sowing late June to early July harvest original seed, the full sprouting stage of one-level kind for harvest after 150~210d;3. height above sea level The original seed of sowing more than 1300m alpine regions spring, harvest late July, the full sprouting stage of one-level kind are 200~250d after harvest.
(3) regional height above sea level, planting type, sowing time regulation and control kind are sowed according to the production of different crops for rotation ware potato as Potato source, each crops for rotation potato is produced the physiological age of one-level kind used in suitable seedtime and be in full sprouting stage:Height above sea level Spend the greenhouse potato of the regional early December sowings of below 800m and the mulch film potato of sowing in January is selected in height above sea level 1100~1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREAs are bred, the one-level kind cultivation that late June to early July harvests;Height above sea level 800m area above is by sea Degree of lifting from low to high, starts to sow mid-February, mulch film and open country potato culture until early April sowing end, selects Bred in height above sea level 1300m above alpine region, the one-level kind cultivation of late July harvest.
(4) according to the requirement of breeding one-level kind sowing time, with adjustment original silkworm egg sowing time and the method for height above sea level Regulate and control original seed physiological age, regulation detoxic seedling transplanting time and detoxification seedling and propagating period required further according to original silkworm egg physiological age, Following two original silkworm eggs, original seed, one-level kind three-level potato seed breeding mode are established, makes physiological age when original silkworm egg, original seed sowing It is in full sprouting stage:
1. First Year January~mid-February expands numerous detoxic seedling;Late Febuary regional covered plastic below height above sea level 800m Transplanting detoxic seedling in the insect-proof net chamber of greenhouse, mid-May harvest original silkworm egg;Mid-August, area was revealed below height above sea level 800m Sow original silkworm egg, late November harvest original seed in ground.Second Year early March is in 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas sowing breeding stock One-level kind, late March to early April sowing breeding stock one-level kind in area more than height above sea level 1300m.
2. 7~August of First Year part expands numerous detoxic seedling;Early September is regional below height above sea level 800m, is moved in insect-proof net chamber Plant detoxic seedling, late November harvest original silkworm egg.The area sowing more than height above sea level 1300m is former to early April for Second Year late March Kind, late July harvest original seed.In early March, the 3rd is in 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas, sowing breeding stock one-level kind;March The last ten-days period to early April is regional more than height above sea level 1300m, sows breeding stock one-level kind.
Under field conditions (factors), seed potato is sprouted and need to passed through 2~3 months rest periods by harvesting to bud, is planted in rest period Potato does not germinate;Rest period is that potato seed terminal bud is sprouted germination, after terminal bud sprouts a period of time, other buds in potato seed first after terminating Eye just starts germination of sprouting, and exceedes certain time after the germination of potato seed whole eye, potato seed enters excessive germination period, and now potato seed is again Can be because germination to be excessive, nutrient loss is serious and influences after planting yield.The present invention from potato harvest calculate Potato seed physiological age, and rest period, terminal bud phase, full sprouting stage and hair are divided into according to seed potato physiological change and growth course Four physiological age sections of bud excessive phase.By experiment, research seed potato physiological age and after planting yield performance relation, by The full sprouting stage of this determination is the optimal physiological age that seed potato is suitably sowed.Then Qin_Ba mountain areas Different Altitude and sowing are utilized Season reasonable arrangement potato seed breeding season at different levels and region, regulate and control potato seed physiological age, make potato potato seeds at different levels at seeding time Reach optimal physiological age, so as to improve potato yield.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Pass through the height above sea level that season potato seed is bred before purposefully selecting Height and sowing season regulate and control the physiological age of seed potato, and thereby determine that original silkworm egg mating period and detoxification seedling and propagating In period, potato seed breeding of method is established, made when different zones, the production of different crops for rotation ware potato as and detoxification at different levels is bred sowing Potato seed reaches optimal physiological age, and the yield produced with commodity potato is bred so as to improve seed potato.It is low with potato seed Temperature storage is compared with potato seed physiological age regulation and control methods such as chemical treatments, and the technology of the present invention is ingenious in design, simple and practical, energy-saving ring Protect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that virus-free seed potato breeds the arrangement of flow season and potato seed selects schematic diagram.Down arrow represents that potato seed is numerous in figure Flow is educated, represents that commodity potato produces the potato seed source that should be selected to upward arrow.For example, the regional greenhouses in December of below height above sea level 800m The one-level kind that potato sowing selection 1100~1300m of height above sea level area late June to early Julies harvest;In height above sea level 800m Following area, sowing mid-August original silkworm egg, the original seed of late November harvest, is respectively used in early March in height above sea level in next season The area sowing more than height above sea level 1300m is former to early April for 1100~1300m areas sowing breeding stock one-level kind or late March Kind breeding one-level kind.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Expand numerous detoxic seedling First Year January~mid-February, late Febuary transplanting detoxic seedling, mid-May harvest original silkworm egg, August The middle ten days regional autumn sowing original silkworm egg breeding original seed, late November harvest below height above sea level 800m.The original seed one is on Second Year March Ten days is in 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas seed propagation one-level kind, late June to early July harvest one-level kind, for height above sea level 800m The greenhouse potato of region below Second Year sowing in December and the mulch film potato winter sowing of in January, the 3rd sowing;Second, second Year late March is to early April in the regional seed propagation one-level kinds of more than height above sea level 1300m, late July harvest one-level kind, for sea Pull out mulch film, the spring sowing of open country potato that more than 800m regional in mid-February, the 3rd to early Aprils are sowed.
Embodiment 2
First Year July expands numerous detoxic seedling to August part, early September transplanting detoxic seedling, late November harvest original silkworm egg, and second Year late March area sowing original silkworm egg more than height above sea level 1300m to early April, late July harvest original seed.The original seed one is In early March, 3 is in 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas seed propagation one-level kind, late June to early July harvest, for height above sea level The greenhouse potato of 800m region below sowings in December and the mulch film potato winter sowing of in January, the 4th sowing;Second, the 3rd year 3 Month last ten-days period to early April regional seed propagation one-level kind more than height above sea level 1300m, late July harvest, for more than height above sea level 800m Mulch film that regional in mid-February, the 4th to early April sow, the spring sowing of open country potato.
Storage is extremely sowed under the indoor nature temperature environment of breeding spot after both the above embodiment potato seed harvests at different levels.
It is the regulated potato seed in part and not regulated potato seed using effect comparative test below:
Embodiment 1
Greenhouse potato winter sowing is tested
On December 10th, 2012, greenhouse potato is sowed at height above sea level 502m, sowing kind is that Early cropping potato kind is " early A is selected in great Bai ", potato seed respectively:The one-level kind that height above sea level 1200m or so breeding early Julies harvest and stored to sowing, B:Height above sea level The one-level kind that 1400m or so breeding late Julies harvest and stored to sowing, after planting breeding time and yield performance are as shown in table 1.
Table 1:Greenhouse potato breeding time and Yield comparison
According to the inventive method, the potato seed A that greenhouse potato sowing is selected is the potato seed regulated and controled through physiological age, selection Potato seed of the potato seed B category without physiological age regulation and control.As can be seen from Table 1, the greenhouse potato use of sowing on December 10 is through potato seed The one-level kind sowing of physiological age regulation and control is more early 11d than using the one-level kind insemination and emergence regulated and controled without potato seed physiological age, harvest Early 6d, yield are high by 33%.
Embodiment 2
Mulch film potato, which is sowed in spring, to be tested
On 2 18th, 2013, mulch film potato is sowed at height above sea level 822m, kind is potato seed Potato Cultivars " red U.S. ", Potato seed source is respectively C:The one-level kind of late July harvest, D are bred at height above sea level 1360m:Late June is bred at height above sea level 1160m to receive The one-level kind obtained.In breeding stored after potato seed harvest to 3d before sowing, after planting breeding time and yield performance are such as the institute of table 2 Show.
Table 2:Mulch film potato breeding time and Yield comparison
According to the inventive method, mulch film potato is sowed at height above sea level 822m, is belonged to from potato seed C is bred at height above sea level 1360m The potato seed regulated and controled through physiological age, potato seed of the potato seed D category without physiological age regulation and control of selection.Table 2 can be seen that, 17 days 2 months Film-mulching cultivation potato is sowed at height above sea level 822m to use through the C potato seeds that potato seed physiological age regulates and controls than using not regulated D kinds Potato volume increase 11.7%.Not regulated D potato seeds have been germinateed excessively when sowing, though morning plant growing way of after planting emerging is weaker, after Phase shows early ageing.
Embodiment 3
Autumn Initial strain breeding is tested
On August 15th, 2014, original silkworm egg breeding original seed is sowed at height above sea level 520m, kind is Mid-late ripening Potato Cultivars " NCC ", original silkworm egg is respectively from height above sea level spring in 2014, late Febuary transplants detoxic seedling harvest mid-May at 580m Original silkworm egg (E) and the original silkworm egg (F) that detoxic seedling early June harvest is transplanted in 3 months.Equal natural conditions indoors after original silkworm egg harvest Lower storage.After planting breeding time, emergence rate, yield are shown in Table 3.
Table 3:The numerous experiment of original seed autumn
According to the inventive method, original silkworm egg breeding original seed is sowed at height above sea level 520m, the original silkworm egg E used belongs to through physiology The original silkworm egg of age regulation and control, original silkworm egg F are the original silkworm eggs without physiological age regulation and control.Table 3 can be seen that, autumn numerous original seed use without The original silkworm egg of physiological age regulation and control, in emergence evening, emergence rate is low, and original seed yield using regulated original silkworm egg than breeding the underproduction 60.5%.

Claims (3)

1. it is a kind of based on potato seed physiological age regulation and control virus-free seed potato mating system, it is characterised in that this method include with Lower step:
(1)Seed potato after harvest is divided into rest period, terminal bud phase, full sprouting stage according to its physiological change and growth course With excessive four physiological age stages of germination period, by experimental study, clearly full sprouting stage is the optimal physiological age suitably sowed Stage;
(2)By experimental observation, Qin_Ba mountain areas potato Main Cultivars are numerous in different altitude height and different cultivation seasons The different stage potato seed grown, stored in each self-reproduction compartment under natural conditions after harvest, the potato seed physiological age full sprouting stage time Segment table is now as follows:1. regional below height above sea level 800m, the full sprouting stage of original silkworm egg of spring transplanting detoxic seedling harvest in 5~June is receipts 90~115d after obtaining, autumn transplanting detoxic seedling, 11~December, the full sprouting stage of original silkworm egg of harvest was 120~150d after harvest;August Part sowing, the full sprouting stage of original seed of late November harvest is 100~140d after harvest;2. height above sea level 1100~1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREA spring Season sowing late June to early July harvest original seed, the full sprouting stage of one-level kind for harvest after 150~210d;3. height above sea level 1300m with The original seed of upper sowing alpine region spring, harvest late July, the full sprouting stage of one-level kind are 200~250d after harvest;
(3)According to the production of different crops for rotation ware potato as sow regional height above sea level, planting type, sowing time regulation and control potato seed come Source, each crops for rotation potato is produced the physiological age of one-level kind used in suitable seedtime and be in full sprouting stage;Height above sea level The greenhouse potato of the regional early December sowings of below 800m and the mulch film potato of sowing in January are selected in height above sea level 1100 ~1300m SUBMOUNTAINOUS AREAs are bred, the one-level kind cultivation that late June to early July harvests;Height above sea level 800m area above presses height above sea level Degree from low to high, starts to sow mid-February, mulch film and open country potato culture until early April sowing end, from sea Degree of lifting more than 1300m alpine regions are bred, the one-level kind cultivation of late July harvest;
(4)According to the requirement of breeding one-level kind sowing time, regulated and controled with the method for adjustment original silkworm egg sowing time and height above sea level Original seed physiological age, regulation detoxic seedling transplanting time and detoxification seedling and propagating period are required further according to original silkworm egg physiological age, is established Original silkworm egg, original seed, the three-level potato seed breeding mode of one-level kind, physiological age when original silkworm egg, original seed sowing is set to be in full bud Phase.
2. a kind of virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age according to claim 1, its It is characterised by, step(4)A kind of described three-level potato seed breeding mode:First Year January~mid-February expands numerous detoxic seedling;2 below the moon Transplant detoxic seedling ten days in the insect-proof net chamber of regional covered plastic greenhouse below height above sea level 800m, harvest original silkworm egg mid-May; Mid-August the regional outdoor sowing original silkworm egg below height above sea level 800m, late November harvest original seed;Second Year early March exists 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas sowing breeding stock one-level kind, the area sowing more than height above sea level 1300m of late March to early April Breeding stock one-level kind.
3. a kind of virus-free seed potato mating system based on the regulation and control of potato seed physiological age according to claim 1, its It is characterised by, step(4)A kind of described three-level potato seed breeding mode:7~August of First Year part expands numerous detoxic seedling;Early September exists Transplanting detoxic seedling in the regional insect-proof net chambers of below height above sea level 800m, late November harvest original silkworm egg;Second Year late March is to 4 The first tenday period of a month moon are in 1100~1300m of height above sea level areas sowing original silkworm egg, late July harvest original seed;In early March, the 3rd is in height above sea level 1100 ~1300m areas sowing breeding stock one-level kind, late March to early April sowing breeding stock in area more than height above sea level 1300m One-level kind.
CN201610228624.8A 2016-04-13 2016-04-13 A kind of virus-free seed potato mating system of suitable Qin_Ba mountain areas Expired - Fee Related CN105706731B (en)

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