CN109392645B - Method for screening peanuts with high oil content by using osmotic pressure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for screening peanuts with high oil content by using osmotic pressure, which adopts a specific drought stress method to stress, then screens peanuts with high oil content in seed kernels by detecting the osmotic pressure of leaves, wherein the osmotic pressure of leaf cells of the peanuts with high oil content in the seed kernels after the drought stress treatment is low, and the osmotic pressure of the leaves of the peanuts with low oil content is high. The osmotic pressure is negatively related to the water potential, which indicates that the peanut cells with high oil content have high water potential and strong dehydration resistance; the peanut cells with low oil content have low water potential and weak dehydration resistance. The method for screening the peanuts with high oil content by measuring the leaf osmotic pressure after drought stress is simple and convenient to operate, can be suitable for the peanut seeds to be screened which are obtained by any way, has very high accuracy and has good market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new peanut variety cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for screening peanuts with high oil content by using osmotic pressure.
Background
Peanut is one of important oil crops, the planting area of the peanut in China is about 8000 ten thousand mu, the total yield of the peanut is about 1800 ten thousand tons, and about 50 percent of the total yield is used for oil pressing, so the oil content of the peanut is the most important quality index of the peanut. Cultivating new species with high oil content is always an important target for oil crop breeding in the world; during the period of fifteen and eleven, the scientific and technological switch and 863 plan of China all take the new peanut variety with the oil content of more than 55% as the main research content and the assessment index. According to the calculation, the pure profit of the peanut oil production can be improved by 7 percent when the oil content of the peanut seeds is improved by 1 percent. However, because of the lack of high oil content varieties in peanut production, no technology for breeding and screening high oil content materials and varieties is available, the selection of high oil content is blind, and the breeding technology of high oil peanut varieties becomes a difficult problem in the world of peanut breeding.
No matter cross breeding or mutation breeding, the determination of the oil content of the kernels in the selection process of the offspring can be determined only after the pods are ripe and dried in the sun. In order to accelerate the breeding process and shorten the breeding period, breeders usually select to increase the generation in Hainan in winter, even to increase the generation in Hainan after two generations of planting in a plastic greenhouse, and can plant 3 generations of plants in one year. However, the oil content of peanuts planted in Hainan or plastic greenhouse cannot represent the oil content of the peanuts, and the oil content cannot be used as the measurement index of the oil content, so that the breeding of high-oil varieties is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation of cultivating the peanut variety with high oil content at present, the invention provides a method for screening the peanut with high oil content by using osmotic pressure.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the invention provides a method for screening peanuts with high oil content by using osmotic pressure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing peanut seeds to be screened in a flowerpot or a nutrition pot; each flowerpot is filled with sandy loam with the same volume, and the compound fertilizer with the same dosage is used;
(2) quantitatively watering flowers during the growth period after the emergence of the seedlings;
(3) after sowing for 6-8 weeks, controlling watering for drought stress treatment;
(4) after drought stress treatment, main stems are picked and three leaves are poured, and leaf juice is extracted;
(5) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice;
(6) judging the oil content of the kernels according to the measured value of the osmotic pressure, and transplanting the peanuts with the osmotic pressure lower than 69.4mmol/kg into the field.
Further: the quantitative watering in the step (2) is as follows: the same amount of water is poured in each pot, the watering amount is controlled, and the water cannot seep out from the bottom of the pot and cannot overflow.
Further: each pot is watered with 400 ml and 800 ml.
Further: the method for treating drought stress in the step (3) comprises the following steps: no watering was applied when watering was supposed, and the duration of the stress treatment was until peanuts with an oil content of 50% would continuously wilt and not recover from night to the early morning.
Further: the time of the drought stress treatment is 3-5 days.
Further: extracting the leaf juice: gently wiping the three leaves on the main stem with absorbent cotton to remove dust, wrapping with aluminum foil paper, packaging in plastic bag, quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen at-196 deg.C, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; taking out the plastic bag with the leaves from the liquid nitrogen or a refrigerator, and thawing at room temperature; after thawing, the leaves were placed in a syringe and squeezed vigorously to express leaf juice.
Further: and (3) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice by adopting a freezing point osmometer or a dew point osmometer.
Further: the transplanting method in the step (6) comprises the following steps: ridging in a field, wherein the ridge distance is 50cm, and digging pits on the ridges; secondly, watering the flowerpot to be planted with enough water, and completely soaking the flowerpot; thirdly, the bottom of the flowerpot is upward, the flowerpot is slightly taken off, so that the soil in the flowerpot is not scattered, and then the whole soil is planted in the dug pit together with the peanut plant; fourthly, cultivating soil to enable the original surface soil in the flowerpot to be level with the ridges, watering thoroughly, and then managing according to the common field.
Further: the oil content of the peanut kernels with the osmotic pressure lower than 69.4mmol/kg is higher than 55%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and the technical effects that: the method is determined by a large number of creative experiments, and the osmotic pressure of the peanut leaf cells after drought stress treatment is extremely and negatively related to the oil content of the kernels. Because the osmotic pressure of the normally growing leaves, the high oil content and the general oil content materials have no obvious difference, the method adopts a specific drought stress method to stress, then, the variety with high oil content of the kernel is screened by detecting the osmotic pressure of the leaves, the osmotic pressure of leaf cells of the peanut with high oil content of the kernel after the drought stress treatment is low, and the osmotic pressure of the peanut leaves with low oil content is high. The osmotic pressure is negatively related to the water potential, which indicates that the peanut cells with high oil content have high water potential and strong dehydration resistance; the peanut cells with low oil content have low water potential and weak dehydration resistance. The method for screening the peanuts with high oil content by measuring the leaf osmotic pressure after drought stress is simple and convenient to operate, can be suitable for the peanut seeds to be screened which are obtained by any way, has very high accuracy and has good market application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the correlation between the osmotic pressure of peanut leaf cells and the oil content of their kernels.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the growth and wilting of high and low oil content peanuts after 4 days of drought stress treatment, wherein the ratio of left 1: the high oil content T39-4 (oil content 59.76%) grows normally; and (3) left 2: the high oil content T12-7 (oil content 58.43%) grows normally; right 1: the low oil content T42-18 (oil content is 51.3%) will wilt seriously; and 2, right: the low oil content flower bearing 20 (oil content 49.50%) will wither very severely.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the growth and wilting of high and low oil content peanuts after 4 days of drought stress treatment, wherein left: the T3-2 with high oil content (oil content of 59.31%) grows normally; and (3) right: flower No. 22 (oil content 50.01%) with low oil content will wither seriously.
FIG. 4 shows that T27-1 with low oil content (oil content 50.6%) wilted extremely severe after drought stress treatment for 4 days.
FIG. 5 shows partial leaf wilting of T36-3 (oil content 55.83%) after 4 days of drought stress treatment.
FIG. 6 shows that T18-2 (oil content 56.42%) with high oil content grew normally after 4 days of drought stress treatment.
FIG. 7 shows that high oil content T3-2 (oil content 57.82%) grew normally after 4 days of drought stress treatment.
FIGS. 2-7 are all plants 4 days after drought stress treatment, with a calculated delay of 4 days from the time of watering.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The method is determined by a large number of creative experiments, and the osmotic pressure of the peanut leaf cells after drought stress treatment is extremely and negatively related to the oil content of the kernels.
If the oil content of the flower bearing No. 20 subjected to stress treatment is 49.5 percent, the osmotic pressure of leaves is 78.5 mmol/kg; the oil content of the flower culture No. 22 is 50.2%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaves is 78.9 mmol/kg; the oil content of Luhua No. 11 is 51.03%, and the osmotic pressure of leaves is 77.5 mmol/kg; the oil content of T36-3 is 55.83%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 68.1 mmol/kg; the oil content of T31-2 is 49.5%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 81.6 mmol/kg; the oil content of T51-2 is 48.1%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 82.3 mmol/kg; the oil content of other general oil content mutant T17-5 kernels is 52.4%, and the osmotic pressure of leaves after drought stress treatment is 76.0 mmol/kg; the oil content of T42-18 is 51.3%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 74.8 mmol/kg; the oil content of T22-3 is 54.3%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 70.8 mmol/kg; the oil content of T73-8 is 53.9%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 72.2 mmol/kg; the oil content of T27-1 is 50.6%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 79.4 mmol/kg; the oil content of T43-2 is 48.2%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 81.4 mmol/kg; the oil content of T13-1 is 54.1%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 68.3 mmol/kg; the oil content of T19-5 is 52.9%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf is 75.4 mmol/kg; the oil content of T21-2 was 53.2%, and the leaf osmotic pressure was 73.8 mmol/kg. The oil content of T14-4 was 50.1%, and the osmotic pressure of the leaf was 77.5 mmol/kg.
After drought stress treatment, the osmotic pressure of peanut leaf cells is extremely obviously and negatively correlated with the oil content of the kernels, the correlation analysis is shown in figure 1, the correlation coefficient is 0.9042, and extremely obvious and negative correlation is achieved. Correlation curve y-0.49 x +88.827, y: the oil content of the seed kernels; x: leaf osmotic pressure. According to the curve, the osmotic pressure of leaves after drought stress treatment is lower than 69mmol/kg, and the oil content of the seeds can reach the high oil (more than 55 percent) standard.
The leaf cell osmotic pressure of the peanut with high oil content in the seed kernel after drought stress treatment is low, and the leaf osmotic pressure of the peanut with low oil content is high. The osmotic pressure is negatively related to the water potential, which indicates that the peanut cells with high oil content have high water potential and strong dehydration resistance; the peanut cells with low oil content have low water potential and weak dehydration resistance; therefore, the invention screens peanut varieties with high oil content by measuring the osmotic pressure of leaves after drought stress.
Example 1
The main fatty acids in peanuts are oleic acid and linoleic acid, the oleic acid content of common peanut varieties is generally 40-50%, and the linoleic acid content is 40-30%. The oleic acid content of the high-oleic acid peanuts can reach 75-84%, and the linoleic acid content can reach 5-2%. Oleic acid is one of important quality indexes influencing the physical and chemical stability and the nutritional value of the peanut oil, the higher the oleic acid content of the peanut oil is, the better the stability is, the peanut oil is not easy to deteriorate and is beneficial to storage, and the shelf life can be prolonged; meanwhile, the high oleic acid can selectively reduce harmful cholesterol in human blood and keep beneficial cholesterol, thereby slowing down atherosclerosis, effectively preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and the like, and having very important health care function and value. The breeding of peanut varieties with high oil content and high oleic acid has become one of the main breeding targets of peanuts. The breeding of the high-oleic acid peanuts in China starts late, so that the breeding of a new high-oleic acid peanut variety with high oil content and high oleic acid as soon as possible becomes an important target for peanut breeders in China.
In order to breed a new variety of peanuts with both high oil content and high oleic acid, the following screening method was used in this example:
1. after hybridization of Yuhua No. 14 (oil content 59.32%) of small-grain variety with high oil content and AT215 (oil content 50.2% of kernel and oil content 82%) of high-oleic acid peanut variety, F of Hainan additive generation2The generation seeds are used as materials, and the seeds are sowed in flowerpots with the diameter of 20-30cm, wherein the diameter of the flowerpots is 25cm in the embodiment.
Each pot contained the same volume of sandy loam soil, in this case the soil and upper edge of the pot were level. 4-6g of compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively is used in each flowerpot, and 5g is used in the embodiment. 1 seed is sowed in each pot, 400 ml and 800ml are watered in each pot, and 600ml are watered in the embodiment.
2. The flowers were watered quantitatively during the growth period after emergence, in this example, 600ml per pot. The quantitative watering means: the same amount of water is poured in each pot, the watering amount is controlled, and the water cannot seep out from the bottom of the pot and cannot overflow.
3. After 6-8 weeks of sowing, in this example 7 weeks of sowing, watering is controlled to carry out drought stress treatment, and at this time, the plants are large and the inverted three leaves are easy to pick up. The stress method comprises the following steps: the watering is not carried out, the watering is delayed for drought stress treatment for 3 to 5 days, namely the time from the watering to the time when the general control variety, namely the variety with the oil content of about 50 percent, can not recover in the early morning of leaf wilting is the drought stress treatment time. Stress treatment was performed for 4 days in this example.
In general, drought stress treatment, initially wilting at noon, returns to normal in the evening, especially the next morning. But it was not recovered in the morning with prolonged drought stress.
The drought stress time is too short, and the osmotic pressure of the leaves of the material with high oil content and general oil content has no obvious difference. The stress time is too long, and the materials with oil content generally lose water and dry, so that the osmotic pressure cannot be measured.
4. After drought stress treatment, main stems and three leaves are picked and used for extracting leaf juice.
Reason for inverting three leaves with main stem: because peanuts are different from crops such as rice, wheat, corn, cotton and the like, the crops have functional (mainly meaning photosynthesis) leaves, such as flag leaves and inverted two leaves and inverted three leaves of rice, flag leaves of wheat, stick three leaves of corn and peach-forming leaves of cotton, which are all functional leaves. Peanuts are overground, flowering and underground, and have no obvious functional (mainly photosynthesis) leaves. The main stem inverted trefoil has stronger function compared with other blades, and the blade at the top is just unfolded and has weak function. The function of the two-leaf inverted type is not strong due to the short unfolding time. The four leaves of Tou-quan-jiao have aging and hypofunction due to long differentiation time. The inverted trilobe has the strongest function, so the main stem inverted trilobe is selected as the leaf for extracting the leaf juice.
5. Extracting leaf juice: gently wiping the three leaves on the main stem with absorbent cotton to remove dust, wrapping with aluminum foil paper, packaging in plastic bag (to prevent external water invasion during storage in ultra-low temperature refrigerator), quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen at-196 deg.C, and storing in ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C.
The plastic bag with the leaves was removed from the liquid nitrogen or refrigerator and placed at room temperature for thawing. After thawing, the leaves were placed in a syringe and squeezed vigorously to express leaf juice.
Because of the severe water loss of leaves after drought stress, especially leaves with low oil content material, it is difficult to squeeze out leaf juice. The problem can be solved by adopting quick-freezing and then extruding by using an injector.
6. And (3) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice by adopting an freezing point osmometer or a dew point osmometer, repeating for 3 times, and taking an average value. As a result, the osmotic pressure of the leaves of the plants was measured to be less than 69mmol/kg at about 2/3, as shown in Table 1.
7. Judging the oil content of the kernels according to the measured value of the osmotic pressure, and transplanting the materials with the osmotic pressure lower than 69mmol/kg into the field.
The transplanting method comprises the following steps: ridging in a field, wherein the ridge distance is 50cm, and pits are dug in the ridges and are slightly larger than flowerpots and slightly deeper; secondly, watering the flowerpot to be planted with enough water, and completely soaking the flowerpot; thirdly, the bottom of the flowerpot is upward, the flowerpot is slightly taken off, so that the soil in the flowerpot is not scattered, and then the whole soil is planted in the dug pit together with the peanut plant; fourthly, cultivating soil to enable the original surface soil in the flowerpot to be level with the ridges, watering thoroughly, and then managing according to the common field.
8. After ripening, the pods were harvested and after sun drying the oil content was determined, as a result of which all plants with leaf osmotic pressure below 69mmol/kg had kernel oil content above 55%, as shown in Table 1. The individual plants with high oil content of the kernels have 1/4 oleic acid content reaching the high oleic acid standard (the oleic acid content is more than 76 percent)
TABLE 1 osmotic pressure of leaf and oil content of kernel (F3 generation kernel) after drought stress treatment of Yuhua No. 14 and AT215 hybrid F2 generation
Example 2
1. Hybridizing a large-grain peanut strain Yu-61 (with the oil content of 57.6%) with high oil content with a peanut variety AT215 (with the oil content of 50.2% and the oil content of 82%) with high oil content, and adding F in Hainan2The generation seeds are used as materials, and the seeds are sowed in flowerpots with the diameter of 20-30cm, wherein the diameter of the flowerpot is 25cm in the embodiment.
Each pot contained the same volume of sandy loam soil, in this example the soil was level with the upper edge of the pot. 4-6g of compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively is used in each flowerpot, and 5g is used in the embodiment. Each pot is sown with 1 seed, and each pot is watered with 400 ml and 800ml, and 600ml in the embodiment.
2. After seedling emergence, the seedlings are watered quantitatively, wherein each pot is watered with 400-800ml of water, and 600ml of water is watered in the embodiment. The quantitative watering means: the same amount of water is poured in each pot, the watering amount is controlled, and the water cannot seep out from the bottom of the pot and cannot overflow.
3. After sowing for 6-8 weeks, in this example, after sowing for 7 weeks, watering is controlled to perform drought stress treatment, and the stress method is as follows: the watering is not carried out, the watering is delayed for drought stress treatment for 3 to 5 days, namely the time from the watering to the time when the general control variety, namely the variety with the oil content of about 50 percent, can not recover in the early morning of leaf wilting is the drought stress treatment time. Stress treatment was performed for 4 days in this example.
4. After drought stress treatment, main stems and three leaves are picked and used for extracting leaf juice.
Reason for inverting three leaves with main stem: because peanuts are different from crops such as rice, wheat, corn, cotton and the like, the crops have functional (mainly meaning photosynthesis) leaves, such as flag leaves and inverted two leaves and inverted three leaves of rice, flag leaves of wheat, stick three leaves of corn and peach-forming leaves of cotton, which are all functional leaves. Peanuts are overground, flowering and underground, and have no obvious functional (mainly photosynthesis) leaves. The main stem inverted trefoil has stronger function compared with other blades, and the blade at the top is just unfolded and has weak function. The function of the two-leaf inverted type is not strong due to the short unfolding time. The four leaves of Tou-quan-jiao have aging and hypofunction due to long differentiation time. The inverted trilobe has the strongest function, so the main stem inverted trilobe is selected as the leaf for extracting the leaf juice.
5. Extracting leaf juice: gently wiping the three leaves on the main stem with absorbent cotton to remove dust, wrapping with aluminum foil paper, packaging in plastic bag (to prevent external water invasion during storage in ultra-low temperature refrigerator), quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen at-196 deg.C, and storing in ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C.
The plastic bag with the leaves was removed from the liquid nitrogen or refrigerator and placed at room temperature for thawing. After thawing, the leaves were placed in a syringe and squeezed vigorously to express leaf juice.
6. And (3) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice by adopting an freezing point osmometer or a dew point osmometer, repeating for 3 times, and taking an average value.
7. And judging the oil content of the kernel according to the measured value of the osmotic pressure. Transplanting the material with osmotic pressure lower than 69mmol/kg into the field.
The transplanting method comprises the following steps: ridging in a field, wherein the ridge distance is 50cm, and pits are dug in the ridges and are slightly larger than flowerpots and slightly deeper; secondly, watering the flowerpot to be planted with enough water, and completely soaking the flowerpot; thirdly, the bottom of the flowerpot is upward, the flowerpot is slightly taken off, so that the soil in the flowerpot is not scattered, and then the whole soil is planted in the dug pit together with the peanut plant; fourthly, cultivating soil to enable the original surface soil in the flowerpot to be level with the ridges, watering thoroughly, and then managing according to the common field.
8. After ripening, the pods were harvested and after sun drying the oil content was determined, as a result of which all plants with leaf osmotic pressure below 69mmol/kg had kernel oil content above 55%, as shown in Table 2. The individual plants with high oil content of the kernels have 1/4 oleic acid content reaching the high oleic acid standard (the oleic acid content is more than 76 percent)
Table 2 shows that the oil content of the kernels (F3 generation kernels) of plants with leaf osmotic pressure lower than 69mmol/kg after drought stress treatment of hybrid F2 generation of parity-61 and AT215 generation
| Parents and filial generation | Oil content (%) | Filial generation | Oil content (%) | |
| Yu-61 (female parent) | 57.6 | 4-4 | 56.8 | |
| AT215 (father) | 50.2 | 4-5 | 56.1 | |
| 1-2 | 56.3 | 5-1 | 55.8 | |
| 1-3 | 55.9 | 5-2 | 57.0 | |
| 1-4 | 55.4 | 5-3 | 56.7 | |
| 2-1 | 56.7 | 6-1 | 55.8 | |
| 2-2 | 57.3 | 6-2 | 57.3 | |
| 2-3 | 56.8 | 6-3 | 56.7 | |
| 2-4 | 55.7 | 6-4 | 56.2 | |
| 3-1 | 55.0 | 6-5 | 55.7 | |
| 3-2 | 56.4 | 7-1 | 55.7 | |
| 3-3 | 55.8 | 7-2 | 55.8 | |
| 3-3 | 57.3 | 7-3 | 56.0 | |
| 3-4 | 57.1 | 7-4 | 56.4 | |
| 4-1 | 55.9 | 8-1 | 55.9 | |
| 4-2 | 56.1 | 8-2 | 55.2 | |
| 4-3 | 56.5 | 8-3 | 57.0 |
Example 3
The salinization of the land in China is serious, the land tends to rise year by year, and how to utilize the saline-alkali land has important significance for the nation. The cultivation of salt-tolerant varieties is one of the main ways of effectively utilizing saline-alkali soil. Through years of experimental research, the oil content of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil can be improved by about 2 percent compared with that of peanuts produced in non-saline-alkali soil. If the peanut variety which is salt-resistant and has high oil content is cultivated, the method has important significance for effectively utilizing the saline-alkali soil, improving the peanut yield and increasing the benefits of farmers.
In contrast, the salt-tolerant peanut variety Yuhua No. 2 (planted on a saline-alkali land with the salt content of 0.4% -0.5%, and tested by experts, the yield per mu reaches 429 kg, the oil content is 49.9%) and Yuhua No. 9 (the peanut variety with the oil content of 61.05% and the highest oil content at home and abroad at present) are hybridized, and F is used for shortening the breeding period1The generation seeds are planted in the Hainan three generations in winter to obtain F2And (4) screening the plants grown by the generation seeds with high oil content.
The screening method of the peanuts with high oil content in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. hybridizing salt-tolerant peanut No. 2 (oil content 49.9%) with high-oil-content variety No. 9 (oil content 61.05%), and adding F in Hainan2The generation seeds are used as materials, and the seeds are sowed in flowerpots with the diameter of 20-30cm, wherein the diameter of the flowerpot is 25cm in the embodiment.
Each pot contained the same volume of sandy loam soil, in this case the soil and upper edge of the pot were level. 4-6g of compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively is used in each flowerpot, and 5g is used in the embodiment. Each pot is sown with 1 seed, and each pot is watered with 400 ml and 800ml, and 600ml in the embodiment.
2. After seedling emergence, the seedlings are watered quantitatively, wherein each pot is watered with 400-800ml of water, and 600ml of water is watered in the embodiment. The quantitative watering means: the same amount of water is poured in each pot, the watering amount is controlled, and the water cannot seep out from the bottom of the pot and cannot overflow.
3. After sowing for 6-8 weeks, in this example, for 7 weeks, watering is controlled to perform drought stress treatment, and the stress method means: the watering is not carried out, the watering is delayed for drought stress treatment for 3 to 5 days, namely the time from the watering to the time when the general control variety, namely the variety with the oil content of about 50 percent, can not recover in the early morning of leaf wilting is the drought stress treatment time. Stress treatment was performed for 4 days in this example.
In general, drought stress treatment, initially wilting at noon, returns to normal in the evening, especially the next morning. But it was not recovered in the morning with prolonged drought stress.
The drought stress time is too short, and the osmotic pressure of the leaves of the material with high oil content and general oil content has no obvious difference. The stress time is too long, and the materials with oil content generally lose water and dry, so that the osmotic pressure cannot be measured.
4. After drought stress treatment, main stems and three leaves are picked and used for extracting leaf juice.
Reason for inverting three leaves with main stem: because peanuts are different from crops such as rice, wheat, corn, cotton and the like, the crops have functional (mainly meaning photosynthesis) leaves, such as flag leaves and inverted two leaves and inverted three leaves of rice, flag leaves of wheat, stick three leaves of corn and peach-forming leaves of cotton, which are all functional leaves. Peanuts are overground, flowering and underground, and have no obvious functional (mainly photosynthesis) leaves. The main stem inverted trefoil has stronger function compared with other blades, and the blade at the top is just unfolded and has weak function. The function of the two-leaf inverted type is not strong due to the short unfolding time. The four leaves of Tou-quan-jiao have aging and hypofunction due to long differentiation time. The inverted trilobe has the strongest function, so the main stem inverted trilobe is selected as the leaf for extracting the leaf juice.
Extracting leaf juice: gently wiping the three leaves on the main stem with absorbent cotton to remove dust, wrapping with aluminum foil paper, packaging in plastic bag (to prevent external water invasion during storage in ultra-low temperature refrigerator), quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen at-196 deg.C, and storing in ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C.
The plastic bag with the leaves was removed from the liquid nitrogen or refrigerator and placed at room temperature for thawing. After thawing, the leaves were placed in a syringe and squeezed vigorously to express leaf juice.
6. And (3) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice by adopting an freezing point osmometer or a dew point osmometer, repeating for 3 times, and taking an average value.
7. And judging the oil content of the kernel according to the measured value of the osmotic pressure. Transplanting the material with osmotic pressure lower than 69mmol/kg into the field.
The transplanting method comprises the following steps: ridging in a field, wherein the ridge distance is 50cm, and pits are dug in the ridges and are slightly larger than flowerpots and slightly deeper; secondly, watering the flowerpot to be planted with enough water, and completely soaking the flowerpot; thirdly, the bottom of the flowerpot is upward, the flowerpot is slightly taken off, so that the soil in the flowerpot is not scattered, and then the whole soil is planted in the dug pit together with the peanut plant; fourthly, cultivating soil to enable the original surface soil in the flowerpot to be level with the ridges, watering thoroughly, and then managing according to the common field.
8. After ripening, the pods were harvested and after sun drying the oil content was determined, as a result of which all plants with leaf osmotic pressure below 69mmol/kg had kernel oil content above 55%, as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 hybrid No. Yuhua No. 9 and No. Yuhua No. 2F 2 plants with leaf osmotic pressure lower than 69mmol/kg after drought stress treatment, the oil content of the seed kernel (F3 generation seed kernel)
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (9)
1. A method for screening peanuts with high oil content by using osmotic pressure, which is characterized in that the screening method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing peanut seeds to be screened in a flowerpot or a nutrition pot; each flowerpot is filled with sandy loam with the same volume, and the compound fertilizer with the same dosage is used;
(2) quantitatively watering flowers during the growth period after the emergence of the seedlings;
(3) after sowing for 6-8 weeks, controlling watering for drought stress treatment;
(4) after drought stress treatment, main stems are picked and three leaves are poured, and leaf juice is extracted;
(5) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice;
(6) judging the oil content of the kernels according to the measured value of the osmotic pressure, and transplanting the peanuts with the osmotic pressure lower than 69.4mmol/kg into the field.
2. The screening method according to claim 1, wherein: the quantitative watering in the step (2) is as follows: the same amount of water is poured in each pot, the watering amount is controlled, and the water cannot seep out from the bottom of the pot and cannot overflow.
3. The screening method according to claim 2, wherein: each pot is watered with 400 ml and 800 ml.
4. The screening method according to claim 1, wherein: the method for treating drought stress in the step (3) comprises the following steps: no watering was applied when watering was supposed, and the duration of the stress treatment was until peanuts with an oil content of 50% would continuously wilt and not recover from night to the early morning.
5. The screening method according to claim 4, wherein: the time of the drought stress treatment is 3-5 days.
6. Screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: extracting the leaf juice: gently wiping the three leaves on the main stem with absorbent cotton to remove dust, wrapping with aluminum foil paper, packaging in plastic bag, quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen at-196 deg.C, and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 deg.C; taking out the plastic bag with the leaves from the liquid nitrogen or a refrigerator, and thawing at room temperature; after thawing, the leaves were placed in a syringe and squeezed vigorously to express leaf juice.
7. The screening method according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) measuring the osmotic pressure of the leaf juice by adopting a freezing point osmometer or a dew point osmometer.
8. Screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the transplanting method in the step (6) comprises the following steps: ridging in a field, wherein the ridge distance is 50cm, and digging pits on the ridges; secondly, watering the flowerpot to be planted with enough water, and completely soaking the flowerpot; thirdly, the bottom of the flowerpot is upward, the flowerpot is slightly taken off, so that the soil in the flowerpot is not scattered, and then the whole soil is planted in the dug pit together with the peanut plant; fourthly, cultivating soil to enable the original surface soil in the flowerpot to be level with the ridges, watering thoroughly, and then managing according to the common field.
9. Screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the oil content of the peanut kernels with the osmotic pressure lower than 69.4mmol/kg is higher than 55%.
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