CN111616014A - Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616014A CN111616014A CN202010621708.4A CN202010621708A CN111616014A CN 111616014 A CN111616014 A CN 111616014A CN 202010621708 A CN202010621708 A CN 202010621708A CN 111616014 A CN111616014 A CN 111616014A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a high-oleic-acid drought-enduring peanut variety, which comprises the following steps: s1. screening drought-resistant peanut varieties by protecting enzyme activity indexes; s2, treating by using a chemical mutagen EMS to change the content of oleic acid in the peanut seed fatty acid to obtain a high-oleic-acid peanut mutant; s3. hybridizing the said mutant to obtain high oleic acid peanut; the method can obtain a new peanut variety with high oleic acid and drought tolerance, and has the advantages of short breeding period, small blindness, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a breeding method of a high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety.
Background
The peanut is one of the important oil crops in China, and is also the oil crop with the highest earning money per unit yield, total yield and export in China. Improving the drought tolerance and oil content of peanut kernels is one of the important targets of peanut breeding.
The annual total peanut yield of China is about 1430 ten thousand tons, which accounts for more than 40% of the global total yield. Nearly 60% of Chinese peanuts are used for oil extraction, and the annual yield of the peanut oil in China reaches about 230 ten thousand tons in nearly 5 years, which accounts for 23% of the vegetable oil in China. The oil content of peanut varieties applied in production in China is still low, and the oil content of common peanut kernels is 48.0-55.0%, and the average oil content is 51.4%. The parent genetic basis for creating the new high-oil peanut variety for utilization is narrow, the oil content of the filial generation of the cultivated species is small in amplitude, new breakthrough varieties are difficult to generate, and the method becomes a main problem of high-oil peanut breeding.
On the other hand, the main peanut producing areas in China are mainly distributed in arid and semiarid hilly areas, and seasonal drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses for limiting the yield and the quality of peanuts. In the actual production, the drought frequency of the peanuts in the seedling stage is the highest, the occurrence area is the largest, screening of drought-resistant peanut varieties in the seedling stage is the first premise of peanut drought-resistant cultivation and breeding, and the method has very important strategic significance for improving the production potential of the peanuts in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought resistance, early-avoiding and drought tolerance 3 mechanisms of peanuts mainly regulate and control drought stress in modes of plant morphology, pore opening and closing, reasonable regulation and control of an enzyme protection system and the like, along with the deepening of the drought early stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase POD, superoxide dismutase SOD and catalase CAT) in peanut leaves are reduced, and the activities of the 3 antioxidant enzymes are improved to a certain degree by the drought stress. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the leaves and the roots and the drought resistance coefficient of the variety reach obvious levels, and the drought resistance of the peanut variety can be identified. The activity of the protective enzyme of the peanut variety with strong drought resistance is obviously higher than that of the peanut variety with weak drought resistance, and the research on the physiological aspect of peanut drought resistance determines the influence and the regulation effect of drought on the synthesis of chlorophyll, photosynthesis, the activity of the protective enzyme (SOD, POD and CAT) and the metabolism of cell membrane lipid peroxidation products, wherein the activity of the protective enzyme can be used as a screening index for peanut drought resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of a high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety, which is used for obtaining a new peanut variety with both high oleic acid and drought tolerance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a breeding method of a high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety comprises the following steps:
s1. screening drought-resistant peanut varieties by protecting enzyme activity indexes;
s2, treating by using a chemical mutagen EMS to change the content of oleic acid in the peanut seed fatty acid to obtain a high-oleic-acid peanut mutant;
s3. the high oleic acid peanut variety is bred by hybridization of the mutant.
Further, the protective enzyme is peroxidase, superoxide dismutase or catalase.
Further, the step s1 specifically includes:
s11, selecting multiple plump and consistent peanuts from each peanut variety to be screened, thinning the peanuts, protecting the seedlings, and spraying nutrient solution every day from the emergence of seedlings;
s12, starting drought treatment several days after seedling emergence, pouring nutrient solution during the drought treatment, sampling for many times every several days after drought stress, wrapping sampled leaves with tinfoil paper, putting the wrapped leaves into liquid nitrogen for freezing, and then transferring the leaves into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ for storage for later use;
and S13, determining the activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase or catalase in the sample, and screening out the peanut varieties with higher protective enzyme activity.
Further, the step s2 specifically includes:
s21, preparing an EMS solution by using 0.1mol/L phosphoric acid buffer solution as a solvent;
and S22, taking the screened peanut varieties as materials, and performing mutagenesis treatment by adopting an EMS solution.
Further, the concentration of the EMS solution is 0.6%; the time for the mutagenesis treatment was 3 h.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
s1. screening drought-resistant peanut variety by protecting enzyme activity index
S11, selecting 10 plump and consistent peanuts from each variety to be screened, preserving 5 seedlings in each pot after thinning, and pouring the nutrient solution for 1 time every day from seedling emergence;
and s12, starting drought treatment on the 10 th day after seedling emergence, pouring 300mL of Hoagland nutrient solution containing 10% of PEG during the treatment period, sampling respectively on the 3 rd day, the 6 th day, the 9 th day, the 12 th day and the 15 th day after drought stress, and selecting a nutrient solution with the weight ratio of 9: 00, five times total. The leaves are wrapped by tinfoil paper and then immediately put into liquid nitrogen for freezing, and then transferred into a refrigerator at minus 80 ℃ for storage for later use.
Measuring protective enzyme activity: plants are exposed to drought stress conditions and produce endogenous enzyme protection systems such as SOD, POD, CAT, etc. to protect them from active oxygen, where SOD enzymes are central. First, SOD enzyme catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide anion to H202And 02，H202Further decomposition into H under the catalysis of POD and CAT enzymes20 and 02POD enzymes can not only scavenge H202And converts lipid peroxides into normal fatty acids. The activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT in the plant are related to the drought resistance of the crops, and research results show that the activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT in the plant are related to the drought resistance of the crops at the beginning of drought stressIn the period, SOD activity of peanut leaves and roots is reduced, and POD and CAT activity is increased; in the late stage of drought stress, as opposed to the early stage of drought. The moderate drought stress can improve the activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes, reduce the toxic action of cell membrane lipid peroxidation on plant cells, cell membrane structures and intracellular substances, and the activity of the SOD, POD and CAT3 enzymes shows a descending trend in a high osmotic stress period. These results indicate that the prolonged drought stress causes damage to peanut leaf cells, leading to accumulation of peroxidative substances such as active oxygen in leaves and roots, thereby inducing the increase of SOD activity, and removing the accumulation of peroxides to protect cells and alleviate damage caused by adverse conditions.
S2, treating by using a chemical mutagen EMS to change the content of oleic acid in the peanut seed fatty acid to obtain a high-oleic-acid peanut mutant;
s21, preparing a plurality of EMS solutions with different concentrations for later use by taking 0.1mol/L phosphoric acid buffer solution as a solvent;
s22, taking the screened peanut varieties as materials, and performing mutagenesis treatment by adopting an EMS solution;
the optimal parameters of mutagenesis can be firstly researched through an EMS mutagenesis experiment; and (4) taking the variety screened in the step s1 as a test material, and performing mutagenesis treatment by adopting EMS solutions with different concentrations for 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours, wherein the ratio of the liquid medicine to the seeds is 1 grain/mL, and each treatment comprises 100 seeds, so that the seeds are completely submerged by the liquid medicine. 2 blank control groups are arranged, treated seeds are planted in the field according to a plot, a complete random block group test design is adopted for the test, the field management is carried out according to a high-yield field, the emergence rate, the uniformity, the plant growth condition and the plant variation type are tested, and the yield is tested. Tests show that through EMS treatment, the oleic acid content of a reference material is high in sensitivity to EMS, the oleic acid content of a sample shows large fluctuation, the oleic acid content of a plurality of treated materials is higher than that of a control, and the treatment yield and the oleic acid content are improved when the EMS concentration is 0.6 and the mutagenesis time is 3 hours.
s3. the high oleic acid peanut variety is bred by hybridization of the mutant.
The frequency of favorable genes can be effectively increased by convergent hybridization or recurrent selection. By convergent cross or recurrent selection, different mutation types can be gathered in the same excellent offspring. Meanwhile, quantitative genetic genes influencing yield traits can be gradually aggregated into a progeny population through aggregation hybridization or recurrent selection, so that the oleic acid content can be increased, and the yield can be improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of a high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. screening drought-resistant peanut varieties by protecting enzyme activity indexes;
s2, treating by using a chemical mutagen EMS to change the content of oleic acid in the peanut seed fatty acid to obtain a high-oleic-acid peanut mutant;
s3. the high oleic acid peanut variety is bred by hybridization of the mutant.
2. The method for breeding the high-oleic drought-enduring peanut variety as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the protective enzyme is peroxidase, superoxide dismutase or catalase.
3. The method for breeding the high-oleic drought-enduring peanut variety as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step s1 specifically includes:
s11, selecting multiple plump and consistent peanuts from each peanut variety to be screened, thinning the peanuts, protecting the seedlings, and spraying nutrient solution every day from the emergence of seedlings;
s12, starting drought treatment several days after seedling emergence, pouring nutrient solution during the drought treatment, sampling for many times every several days after drought stress, wrapping sampled leaves with tinfoil paper, putting the wrapped leaves into liquid nitrogen for freezing, and then transferring the leaves into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ for storage for later use;
and S13, determining the activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase or catalase in the sample, and screening out the peanut varieties with higher protective enzyme activity.
4. The method for breeding the high-oleic drought-enduring peanut variety as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step s2 specifically includes:
s21, preparing an EMS solution by using 0.1mol/L phosphoric acid buffer solution as a solvent;
and S22, taking the screened peanut varieties as materials, and performing mutagenesis treatment by adopting an EMS solution.
5. The method for breeding the high-oleic drought-enduring peanut variety as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the EMS solution has the concentration of 0.6 percent; the time for the mutagenesis treatment was 3 h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010621708.4A CN111616014A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety |
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| CN202010621708.4A CN111616014A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanut variety |
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| CN111616014A true CN111616014A (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106900547A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-30 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | A kind of method of quick initiative peanut new germ plasm |
| CN107969338A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating the high oily new germ plasm of peanut seed |
| CN107980619A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating peanut seed difference hibernation feature new germ plasm |
| CN109392645A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-01 | 青岛农业大学 | A method of floorboard with high oil content peanut is screened using osmotic pressure |
| CN110122330A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of Breeding High-oil acid peanut varieties |
| CN111316909A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-06-23 | 河南益人花生科技研究院 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanuts |
-
2020
- 2020-06-30 CN CN202010621708.4A patent/CN111616014A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106900547A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-30 | 辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所 | A kind of method of quick initiative peanut new germ plasm |
| CN107969338A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating the high oily new germ plasm of peanut seed |
| CN107980619A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of method for creating peanut seed difference hibernation feature new germ plasm |
| CN109392645A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-01 | 青岛农业大学 | A method of floorboard with high oil content peanut is screened using osmotic pressure |
| CN111316909A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-06-23 | 河南益人花生科技研究院 | Breeding method of high-oleic-acid drought-tolerant peanuts |
| CN110122330A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of Breeding High-oil acid peanut varieties |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 侯睿等: "EMS诱变对花生油酸、蛋白质含量的影响", 《西南农业学报》 * |
| 屈春媛等: "苗期抗旱花生品种的筛选", 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》 * |
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