JP6835998B1 - How to grow carrots - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique relating to ginseng and a method for cultivating ginseng, which is also suitable for institutional cultivation and cultivation in a plant factory (solar type, combined sunlight type, artificial light type). The following properties (1) and (2), that is, (1) the length of the edible portion during the harvest period is 2/3 of the length of the edible portion of normally grown carrots of the same type. (2) A method for cultivating small-sized matured carrots and small-sized matured carrots having a Brix sugar content of 9% or more in the roots of the edible part, in a cultivation container capable of bottom irrigation, during the harvest season. The soil is poured so that the length of the edible portion is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible portion of the normally grown carrots of the same type, and the carrot seeds or seedlings are placed in the cultivation container. This is solved by a method of cultivating small-sized aged carrots, which is characterized by cultivating the roots while applying growth stress and water stress to the roots in the late stage of planting and cultivation. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating small-sized matured carrots and small-sized matured carrots, which are suitable for institutional cultivation and cultivation in a plant factory (solar type, combined sunlight type, completely artificial light type).

A "plant factory" is a year-round plan from sowing, raising seedlings, planting, harvesting, and shipping of crops by keeping the environmental conditions such as temperature, light, carbon dioxide, and nutrient solution in the facility in the optimum state with a control device. It refers to a consistent production system.

In recent years, the frequency of abnormal weather such as large typhoons and continuous heavy rains has increased. When such a thing happens, the yield of vegetables decreases, and even if they can be harvested, the quality deteriorates. In addition, each vegetable has its own season, and it is difficult to grow vegetables of the same quality as the season in the open field throughout the year.
Under these circumstances, many plant factories that grow plants by hydroponics (hydroponic cultivation) have been put into practical use. However, the plants that have been put into practical use in hydroponic (hydroponic cultivation) plant factories are mainly limited to leafy vegetables such as lettuce, watercress, and basil. Root vegetables, especially carrots and burdock whose main roots (taproots) are edible parts, are still cultivated in the open field for the following reasons.
(1) These root vegetables have a long cultivation period, and it is difficult to make a profit in a plant factory where initial investment and subsequent running costs are high.
(2) Root vegetables whose edible part is the main root (taproot), if the main root (taproot) part that is the edible part is immersed in nutrient solution or if there is a lot of water around the main root (taproot), the main root (taproot) It is difficult to cultivate in a hydroponic plant factory because the roots do not grow.
(3) In order to enlarge and mature the main root (taproot), it is desirable to receive pressure from soil.
That is, root vegetables such as carrots and burdock that have been cultivated conventionally are not suitable for institutional cultivation or cultivation in a plant factory.

Although it has the above-mentioned various problems, it is not affected by natural phenomena and climate. Therefore, it is desired to cultivate root vegetables in a facility or in a plant factory, and a plant cultivation system suitable for cultivating root vegetables has been proposed. .. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-118957, a plurality of cultivation beds are arranged in multiple stages so as to overlap each other in a plan view, and each cultivation bed holds a medium containing montmorillonite in which a plant is cultivated. Above each cultivation bed, a fluorescent lamp and a light emitting diode that emits light having a wavelength effective for promoting the growth of the plant are arranged as a light source for irradiating the plant cultivated in the medium. , A plant factory suitable for cultivation of root vegetables is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

According to these prior arts, it is possible to cultivate straight root vegetables, which are difficult to cultivate by hydroponics (hydroponics). That is, the above reasons (2) and (3) can be solved. However, with the prior art, even if straight root vegetables equivalent to open-field cultivation can be cultivated, productivity is increased (small size, short cultivation period) and added value is increased (functional component, Brix sugar content is high) compared to open-field cultivation. Can't. That is, the above reason (1) cannot be solved.

JP-A-2008-118957

A typical crop of root vegetables is carrot (Daucus carota L.). Ginseng is generally cultivated in the open field, and according to its plant physiology, it is necessary to grow the edible part (root) after a long cultivation period. Therefore, when carrots are to be produced at a facility or a plant factory, running costs such as equipment costs and electricity costs become a heavy burden, and the price is higher than that of carrots cultivated in the open field. If you try to match the price with the carrots grown in the open field, you cannot recover the cost. In any case, carrots were not suitable for cultivation in facilities and plant factories.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique relating to ginseng and a method for cultivating ginseng, which is also suitable for cultivation in facilities and plant factories.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has conducted various studies on cultivation techniques for carrots having high added value. As a result, it was found that taproot vegetables, when they felt that the main root (taproot) could not grow any more, translocated the nutritional components accumulated in the leaves to the roots, causing the roots to enlarge and mature. By utilizing this physiology and arbitrarily suppressing root growth, it is possible to cultivate root vegetables that are shorter than normal cultivation but matured in a short period of time, and cultivated by bottom irrigation. It was found that the sugar content and functional components of ginseng can be increased by controlling the upper layer of the cultivated soil to be slightly dry in the latter stage.

The present invention has been made based on such findings, and provides a compact mature ginseng having the following properties (1) and (2).
(1) The length of the edible portion during the harvest period is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible portion of normally grown carrots of the same type.
(2) The Brix sugar content of the edible portion is 9% or more.

Further, the present invention is a method for cultivating small-sized mature ginseng, in which the length of the edible portion at the time of harvest is the length of the edible portion of the same type of ginseng normally grown in a cultivation container capable of bottom irrigation. The soil is poured so that the depth is 2/3 or less, the carrot seeds or seedlings are planted in the cultivation container, and the roots are cultivated while applying growth stress and water stress in the latter stage of cultivation. It provides a characteristic method for cultivating small mature ginseng.

According to the present invention, even existing varieties of ginseng can be cultivated in a space-saving manner because they are smaller than normal cultivation but mature in a short period of time. In addition, it is possible to cultivate carrots having a higher Brix sugar content and functional components than normal cultivation. These characteristics mean that the productivity is high and high value-added carrots can be efficiently produced even when the cultivation area is limited such as institutional cultivation and plant factories.

It is a figure which shows the size at the time of a harvest of the small mature carrot which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the Brix sugar content of the small mature carrot which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the appearance of the cultivation container which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the control of the soil moisture content in the cultivation process of the small mature carrot which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the size of a small mature ginseng (variety: Hitomi 5 inch of Kaneko Seed Co., Ltd.) according to the embodiment of the present invention at the time of harvest. The small mature ginseng shown in FIG. 1 has the following properties (1) and (2).
(1) The length of the edible portion during the harvest period is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible portion of normally grown carrots of the same type.
(2) The Brix sugar content of the edible portion is 9% or more.

Here, the "length of the edible portion" refers to the main root (taproot) portion used for food, and the toothpick-shaped portion having a diameter of about 2 mm seen at the tip of the main root (taproot) is discarded. It is not included in the edible part and refers to the length of the root part of the upper part having a diameter of about 3 mm or more. For example, "Hitomi Gosun" cultivated in the open field grows on ginseng with an edible portion length of about 18 cm and a Brix sugar content of about 6.8% 110 days after sowing, but the small mature ginseng according to this embodiment. For example, as shown in Fig. 1, even the same "Hitomi 5 inch" can be harvested 46 days after sowing, the length of the edible part is about 10 cm, and the Brix sugar content is 12.1%. It becomes.

When the root vegetables feel that the roots cannot grow any more, the nutrients accumulated in the leaves are transferred to the roots to promote the enlargement and maturation of the main roots (taproots). By using this physiology and arbitrarily suppressing the growth of roots, the length of the edible part is shorter than that of normal cultivation, but it is possible to obtain mature root vegetables in a short period of time, such as Brix sugar content and The functional component can be enhanced. In addition, by controlling the upper layer of the cultivated soil to be slightly dry by bottom irrigation described later, the Brix sugar content and functional components of ginseng can be further increased, and the added value can be further increased.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the number of days since sowing and the Brix sugar content of the carrots cultivated according to this embodiment in a fully artificial light type plant factory and the carrots cultivated under the same conditions as those grown in the open field. Comparing the two, the ginseng cultivated according to this embodiment has an increased Brix sugar content in a short period of time. In addition, as shown in Table 1 described later, the amount of nitrate ion, which is a guideline for maturation, is a very low value in the former, and the carrot cultivated by this embodiment is small but in a short period of time. Shows that it is mature.

Therefore, the small mature ginseng according to the present embodiment is clearly distinguished from the immature ginseng obtained by thinning out young ginseng in the middle of growth. That is, "small matured ginseng" refers to a ginseng that matures in a small size (in a short period of time) and has an increased Brix sugar content as compared with the same kind of normally grown ginseng by applying growth stress and water stress. ..

In addition, there are many varieties of ginseng, such as long-rooted Kintoki ginseng and short-rooted ginseng, but in this embodiment, if the ginseng has a main root (taproot) as an edible part, There is no limit to the variety of ginseng, and any variety can be a small mature ginseng.

Next, a method for cultivating small mature carrots according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cultivation container for cultivating small mature carrots according to the embodiment of the present invention and an irrigation method.

FIG. 3 (1) is an example in which a bottom irrigation mechanism is applied to a cultivation container 10 having a closed bottom surface. The cultivation container 10 is equipped with a water supply pipe 12, which is filled with soil S. At the time of irrigation, water and nutrients are input from the water supply pipe 12, water and nutrients reach the bottom of the cultivation container 10, and water and nutrients are supplied from the lower layer of the soil S.

FIG. 3 (2) is an example of using a cultivation container 20 having a plurality of holes 22 having a diameter of about 3 mm on the bottom surface and supplying water or nutrients from the bottom surface thereof. At the time of irrigation, water or nutrients are put into the tray 24 on which the cultivation container 20 is installed, and water or nutrients are supplied to the lower layer of the soil S through the hole 22 at the bottom of the cultivation container 20. The number of holes 22 may be one as long as water or nutrients are supplied to the lower layer of the soil S through the holes 22 at the bottom of the cultivation container 20. Further, the hole 22 does not have to be circular, and the shape does not matter as long as the cross-sectional areas are the same. The diameter of the hole 22 is not particularly limited as long as the soil S does not leak. Further, a pot bottom net (not shown) may be laid on the bottom of the cultivation container 20.

FIG. 3 (3) is an example of using a cultivation container 30 whose bottom is closed with a material 32 that allows water to pass through but does not allow the direct roots of carrots to pass through, and supplies water or nutrients from the bottom surface thereof. The material 32 that closes the bottom is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a water absorbing cloth, a net, and a pot bottom net. At the time of irrigation, water and nutrients are put into the tray 24 on which the cultivation container 30 is installed, and water and nutrients are supplied to the lower layer of the soil S through the material 32 at the bottom of the cultivation container 30.

In the method for cultivating small-sized mature ginseng according to the present embodiment, the length of the edible portion at the time of harvest is the length of the edible portion of the same type of ginseng that normally grows in a cultivation container capable of bottom irrigation. It is characterized in that the soil is poured so as to have a depth of 2/3 or less, ginseng seeds or seedlings are planted in the cultivation container, and the roots are cultivated while being subjected to growth stress and water stress in the latter stage of cultivation. ..

The soil used in this embodiment is preferably a soil having high water retention capacity (water capacity) and fertility retention capacity (cation exchange capacity: CEC), few impurities, and stable physical properties. For example, a soil containing an organic medium such as peat moss and a clay mineral such as montmorillonite is preferable.

The shape of the cultivation container is not particularly limited, and the cross-sectional shape may be circular, triangular, quadrangular, or other polygonal. However, the length of the edible part during normal cultivation differs depending on the variety of carrot to be cultivated. The height (depth) of the cultivation container and the depth (amount) of the soil to be added are appropriately adjusted according to the length of the edible portion to be compact and matured.

The depth of the soil is set so that the length of the edible portion of the carrot during the harvest period is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible portion of the normally grown carrot of the same species. The reason is that it gives growth stress to the roots in the late stage of cultivation. Here, "growth stress" refers to suppressing root growth in order to mature ginseng at an early stage and increase Brix sugar content and functional components. As mentioned above, straight root vegetables have the property of translocating the nutrients accumulated in the leaves to the roots, causing the roots to enlarge and mature when the roots feel that they cannot grow any further. By using this physiology and arbitrarily suppressing root growth, it is possible to obtain root vegetables with high Brix sugar content and functional components, which are shorter than normal cultivation but mature in a short period of time. ..

Then, ginseng seeds or seedlings are planted in a cultivation container filled with soil, and ginseng is cultivated while being appropriately irrigated.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating control of soil moisture content in the cultivation process. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, in the early stage of cultivation, roots are grown in the vertical direction immediately after planting seeds or seedlings (FIGS. 4 (1) and (2)). However, in the late stage of cultivation, when the ginseng feels that it cannot grow any further, the ginseng stops growing in the vertical direction and transfers the nutrients accumulated in the leaves to the roots, causing the roots to enlarge and mature (Fig.). 4 (3) (4)). This allows the ginseng to mature even if the length of the edible portion is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible portion of the same type of ginseng that normally grows.

After planting seeds or seedlings, while the main root (taproot) continues to grow vertically, the water content of the entire soil is desirable for plant growth, as shown in (1) and (2) of FIG. It is preferably set to (PF 1.5 to 1.8) to promote root growth. However, it is not necessarily limited to this PF value. The irrigation is not limited to the bottom irrigation in the early stage of cultivation shown in FIGS. 4 (1) and 4 (2), and the top irrigation alone or the top irrigation and the bottom irrigation may be used in combination. As shown in (2) of FIG. 4, when the straight root (taproot) stops straightening and the root begins to enlarge, the irrigation should be only bottom irrigation. As a result, in the late cultivation stage shown in FIG. 4 (3), the water content of the upper soil is shown in FIG. 4 (3) due to absorption of the ginseng itself, evaporation from the leaves of the ginseng, evaporation from the soil surface, and the like. It gradually decreases from the top. In this way, the carrots are water stressed.

After that, at the stage where the enlargement and maturation of the main root (taproot) accelerates, as shown in (4) of FIG. 4, only the soil at the bottom of the cultivation container, that is, the tip of the main root (taproot) is enlarged and matured. The amount of irrigation from the bottom is adjusted so that the upper soil is in a dry state (PF2.5 to 3.0) while maintaining the water content (PF1.8 to 2.2) required for conversion. However, it is not necessarily limited to this PF value.

In this way, by lowering the water content around the main root (taproot) to be enlarged, the enlargement and maturation of the main root (taproot) is promoted, and at the same time, the Brix sugar content is increased by water stress, and the functionality is increased. The ingredients can be increased.

In the present embodiment, an example in which one strain of carrot is cultivated in one cultivation container is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and two or more strains of carrot can be cultivated in one cultivation container. It is possible. Further, it is desirable that the cultivation container has a shape that can regulate not only the direction in which the main root (taproot) extends straight but also in the lateral direction. This lateral regulation may be, in part, the side wall of the cultivation vessel, or by mutual interference of roots due to dense planting.

In the present embodiment, as for cultivation conditions (fertilizer, pesticide, etc.) other than those described above, normal cultivation conditions in carrot cultivation can be adopted.

1. 1. Cultivation test of small mature ginseng The soil for ginseng cultivation was put into the cultivation container shown in FIG. 3 (2), and the seeds of ginseng (Hitomi 5 inch) were sown and cultivated there.

During the cultivation period, small mature carrots were harvested in several batches for sampling. FIG. 1 is a sample of small mature carrots 46 days after sowing.

2. 2. Component analysis (1) Brix sugar content The component analysis and taste evaluation of small mature carrots cultivated based on this embodiment were performed. The analysis and evaluation were outsourced to Medical Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute Co., Ltd., which has a track record of conducting numerous component analyzes and taste evaluations of ginseng. The results are shown in Table 1. Regarding Brix sugar content (measured by Brix sugar content meter), it was confirmed in our database (DB) that the Brix sugar content of normally cultivated carrots is 1.1 times higher than the average value in February, which is the highest. Was done. Looking at the same variety (Hitomi 5 inch), the value was 1.4 times higher than the above-mentioned Brix sugar content.

(2) Antioxidant power In the antioxidant power (measured by the DPPH method), it was confirmed that the average value of the database (DB) was 1.3 times higher than the average value of February, which was the highest. It was.

(3) Vitamin C
It was also confirmed that the average value of the database (DB) of vitamin C (measured by the RQ flex meter) was 1.4 times higher than the average value of July, which was the highest.

(4) Nitrate ion The nitrate ion content (measured by the RQ flex meter) was 6% or less lower than the average value in July, which was the lowest in the database (DB). Regarding the nitrate ion content, the numerical value decreases with maturation, and it was confirmed from this result that the small-sized mature ginseng of the present embodiment can be said to be small but mature.

According to the taste evaluation (raw food) by researchers of Medical Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute Co., Ltd., the small mature carrot has a crispy, crispy and fresh texture, and has a mellow, deep rich sweetness and a slightly blue flavor like carrot. It was also felt and was evaluated as delicious.

10 ... Cultivation container 12 ... Water supply pipe 20 ... Cultivation container 22 ... Hole 24 ... Tray 30 ... Cultivation container 32 ... Water permeable material S ... Soil

Claims (4)

The length of the edible part during the harvest period is 2/3 or less of the length of the edible part of carrots of the same variety normally cultivated under the same cultivation conditions as in the open field, and the edible part during the harvest period. Brix is a method of cultivating carrots with a sugar content of 9% or more.
The cultivation container that can be bottom watering, put the soil,
Carrot seeds or seedlings are planted in the cultivation container, and in the latter stage of cultivation, the length of the edible portion of the same type of carrot normally cultivated under the same cultivation conditions as open-field cultivation is reduced to 2/3 or less. It is characterized by cultivating while applying growth stress and water stress that suppress root growth.
Cultivation methods of human participation. The method for cultivating ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation container has a bottom formed of a material that does not allow the direct roots of ginseng to pass through. According to claim 1 or 2, the depth of the soil is set so that the length of the edible portion of carrots of the same variety normally cultivated under the same cultivation conditions as open-field cultivation is 2/3 or less. The described carrot cultivation method. The water stress, the is the moisture content of the upper layer portion of the soil in cultivation container intended to control lower than the moisture content of the low-rise section, a method of cultivating human participation according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ..