CN111919655A - Method for raising sarcandra glabra seedlings in shady greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for raising sarcandra glabra seedlings in shady greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN111919655A CN111919655A CN202010927198.3A CN202010927198A CN111919655A CN 111919655 A CN111919655 A CN 111919655A CN 202010927198 A CN202010927198 A CN 202010927198A CN 111919655 A CN111919655 A CN 111919655A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting and constructing a site of a shade shed; s2, soil preparation and bed making are carried out; s3, sowing; s4, fertilizing; s5, weeding; s6, irrigating and draining; and S7, pest control. The sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling method is flexible in shading greenhouse cultivation and land selection, can realize water and fertilizer integration, is lower in labor cost in field management compared with the traditional cultivation method, is shorter in harvesting age than the traditional cultivation age, has a seedling emergence rate of more than 95%, has a seedling aligning rate of more than 85%, is less in seedling pest damage and disease occurrence rate, has a disease and pest prevention and control rate of more than 80%, has 3 pairs of true leaves of 95% seedlings after four months of seedling emergence, has a seedling ground diameter of more than 2.20, has more than 6 pairs of true leaves of sarcandra glabra seedlings when the seedlings grow to the bottom of the year, is about 15 cm higher than the seedling, has larger true leaves, is emerald green to dark green in leaf color, has developed root systems, and is strong in seedling growth vigor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shrub plant seedling culture, in particular to a sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling culture method.
Background
Sarcandra glabra, elderberry, ramulus et folium Adhatodae Vasicae, caulis Piperis Kadsurae, and JIUXIAO, which are perennial evergreen sub shrubs of Chloranthaceae. The sarcandra glabra is a common Chinese medicinal material in China, has early application origin in folk, can be used as a medicine by whole herbs, has pungent, bitter and mild properties, and has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, dredging channels, setting bones and the like.
China has achieved very obvious economic benefits in the aspect of development and utilization of sarcandra glabra, currently developed products include heat clearing and yanning capsules, glabrous sarcandra herb tablets, glabrous sarcandra herb injection, inflammation and swelling toxin removing tablets, sarcandra herb medicinal toothpaste, sarcandra herb bagged tea, sarcandra glabra chewing gum and the like, and due to wide application and large demand, sarcandra has a situation that supply is not in short supply, and also because sarcandra glabra seedling raising technology cannot keep up with the market, the seedling rate is low, seedlings are irregular, the survival rate is low, seedlings are not robust, insect interference is serious, the manual labor demand is large, the manual labor intensity is high, field management is not good, and finally, the planting scale of the sarcandra glabra cannot be expanded, and the demand of the market for the sarcandra glabra cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling method.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and constructing a shady shed: selecting a plot with flat terrain, deep soil layer and pH of 4.3-7.0, building a flat-top shading greenhouse with a shading net with shading degree of 65-80% and a sprinkling irrigation system, wherein the height of the flat-top shading greenhouse is about 3 meters, the length and the width of the flat-top shading greenhouse are determined according to the actual situation of the plot, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged around the greenhouse, and drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged in the greenhouse every 10 meters;
s2, soil preparation and bed making: after weeds in the shade shed are removed, the soil is turned to the depth of about 15 cm by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage until the soil is finely harrowed and leveled, the width of a pedestrian path between rows of the soil preparation bed is 120 cm, the height of the bed is 20 cm, and a ditch with the depth of about 3cm is formed on the surface of the bed;
s3, sowing: when more than 85 percent of sarcandra glabra seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are exposed to the white, sowing the seeds in a ditch by adopting a drilling method, covering the seeds with fire soil ash or fine soil, wherein the covering thickness is that the seeds are covered and the thickness is not more than 1cm, and the seedling raising and sowing density is about 400-500 grains/m2；
S4, fertilizing: carrying out foliar fertilization after the seedlings have two pairs of true leaves, spraying a special foliar fertilizer after dissolving the foliar fertilizer in water during fertilization, and carrying out foliar fertilization once every 20-30 days;
s5, weeding: artificial weeding is adopted for intertillage weeding in the greenhouse field, and weeding is carried out after rain;
s6, irrigation and drainage: in rainy season, smooth drainage of the drainage ditch is ensured; when the drought happens, a sprinkling irrigation system is started to irrigate at the evening;
s7, pest control: after rainy season, spraying the dry fine soil with carbendazim powder in proportion; and (5) removing the dead plants in time, and spreading quicklime.
The sarcandra seed treatment method comprises the following steps: stacking fresh sarcandra glabra fruits in a shade position to be 30-40cm thick, retting until the surface of peel becomes black and soft, and turning over the fruits once every 2-3 days; and stirring the fruits at 25-30 r/min, peeling off peels, placing in water, elutriating and removing the peels by using a screen, screening out seeds, shade-drying until the seed coats are white, and controlling the attached moisture content of the outer skins of the seeds to be less than 5%.
The built shade shed adopts a specific shading degree, meets the biological characteristics that sarcandra glabra likes yin and dislikes strong light and likes wetting and dislikes accumulated water, and is beneficial to seed cultivation; the flat-top shading greenhouse with the sprinkling irrigation system is built, and a drainage ditch with proper width and depth is formed in the greenhouse, so that drainage in rainy seasons can be smooth, and water accumulation in the field can be avoided. The sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method also fully meets water and fertilizer required by growth, promotes plants to grow quickly, and is flexible in land selection and strong in systematic system and operability.
Preferably, the light-shielding degree described in S1 is 70%.
Preferably, the soil preparation as described in S2 is performed by spraying the soil with a closed herbicide, and the nursery garden is sterilized by spraying a carbendazim solution before sowing. The growth of weeds in a nursery and the propagation of soil-borne diseases and insect pests can be controlled to the maximum extent by land spraying and soil sterilization and disinfection treatment, the land space and water and fertilizer are utilized to the maximum extent by seedlings, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted.
Preferably, in the weeding described in S5, the plucked weeds are placed with their roots up and around the sarcandra glabra plant.
Preferably, the weeding in the seedling stage of S5 adopts artificial weeding, the weeding is carried out after rain, and the soil is wet after rain, so that the weeding is favorable for pulling up weeds with roots. During drought, weeding is not carried out so as to prevent the surface of the earth from being exposed, and water evaporation is accelerated to cause the soil to be too arid.
Preferably, in the disease and pest control in S7, a pesticide control method is used to control damping off and/or epidemic diseases. When the seedling raising process of the sarcandra glabra occurs and/or blight, the method for controlling the sarcandra glabra effectively is adopted, so that the emergence rate of the sarcandra glabra can be improved.
More preferably, 70% of sodium diurethane soluble powder and 50% of iprodione wettable powder are adopted for controlling the damping-off disease by spraying or pouring.
More preferably, the prevention and treatment of the epidemic disease is implemented by selecting 10% dimethomorph aqueous emulsion, 20% pyrimorph suspending agent, 23.4% mandipropamid suspending agent, 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 70% propineb wettable powder for spraying at the initial stage of the disease, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days at the later stage and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling method is flexible in shading greenhouse cultivation and land selection, can realize water and fertilizer integration, is lower in labor cost in field management compared with the traditional cultivation method, is shorter in harvesting age than the traditional cultivation age, has a seedling emergence rate of more than 95%, has a seedling aligning rate of more than 85%, is less in seedling pest damage and disease occurrence rate, has a disease and pest prevention and control rate of more than 80%, has 3 pairs of true leaves of 95% seedlings after four months of seedling emergence, has a seedling ground diameter of more than 2.20, has more than 6 pairs of true leaves of sarcandra glabra seedlings when the seedlings grow to the bottom of the year, is about 15 cm higher than the seedling, has larger true leaves, is emerald green to dark green in leaf color, has developed root systems, and is strong in seedling growth vigor. Under the condition that damping off and epidemic diseases do not occur in the seedling raising process, the sarcandra glabra seedling raising method does not use pesticides, and is an environment-friendly seedling raising method.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and completely describe the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further described in detail by the specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the invention, and are not used for limiting the invention, and various changes can be made within the scope defined by the claims of the invention.
Example 1
A sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and constructing a shady shed: selecting a plot with flat terrain, deep soil layer and pH value of 4.3, building a rain-sheltering flat-top shading greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation system, wherein the height of the greenhouse is about 3 meters, the length and the width of the greenhouse are determined according to the actual conditions of the plot, shading nets with shading degree of 70% are used for building the rain-sheltering flat-top shading greenhouse, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged around the greenhouse, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged in the greenhouse every 10 meters, smooth drainage in rainy season is ensured, and water accumulation in a;
s2, soil preparation and bed making: after weeds in the shade shed are removed, the soil is plowed by a rotary cultivator to the depth of about 15 cm, the soil is loosened, the rotary cultivator is ploughed to be fine and leveled, a furrow with the width of 120 cm and the height of 20 cm is prepared, and a ditch with the depth of about 5cm is formed on the surface of the furrow; the width of a sidewalk between furrows is about 40cm, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30 cm are formed around the furrows, and a closed herbicide is sprayed after land preparation is finished to prevent weed seeds from sprouting and seedlings from growing; spraying carbendazim solution to the nursery before seeding for soil sterilization;
s3, sowing: when more than 85% of the sarcandra glabra seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are exposed to white, sowing the seeds in the ditch by adopting a drilling method, and then using soil ash orCovering with fine soil, wherein the covering thickness is that covering seeds and the thickness is not more than 1cm, and the sowing density is 400-500 grains/m2Until the bottom of the current year, nine tea seedlings reach the height of 15 cm, and have more than six pairs of true leaves, and the seedlings can emerge at the bottom of the current year or in the spring of the next year;
s4, fertilizing: the sarcandra seedlings have small fertilizer requirement, a small quantity of multiple fertilization methods are adopted during fertilization, and foliage spraying is adopted as much as possible during fertilization; after the seedlings have two pairs of true leaves, applying fertilizer to the leaves, and spraying after dissolving the special foliar fertilizer in water during fertilizer application; then dressing a leaf surface fertilizer according to specific conditions, and performing leaf surface fertilization once every 20-30 days;
s5, weeding: artificial weeding is adopted for intertillage weeding in the greenhouse field, and weeding is carried out after rain; the soil is moist after rain, which is beneficial to pulling up weeds with roots; weeding is not carried out during drought so as to prevent the surface of the earth from being exposed, and water evaporation is accelerated to cause the soil to be too dry;
s6, irrigation and drainage: in rainy season, the drainage of the drainage ditch is ensured to be smooth, and the phenomenon that the plants die due to water accumulation in the field is avoided; when the drought happens, a sprinkling irrigation system is started to irrigate at the evening;
s7, pest control: after rainy season, mixing carbendazim powder with dry fine soil for spreading; and (5) removing the dead plants in time, and spreading quicklime.
Example 2
A sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and constructing a shady shed: selecting a plot with flat terrain, deep soil layer and pH value of 7.0, building a rain-sheltering flat-top shading greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation system, wherein the height of the greenhouse is about 3 meters, the length and the width of the greenhouse are determined according to the actual conditions of the plot, shading nets with shading degree of 80 percent are used for building the rain-sheltering flat-top shading greenhouse, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged around the greenhouse, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged in the greenhouse every 10 meters, smooth drainage in rainy season is ensured, and water accumulation in a field;
s2, soil preparation and bed making: after weeds in the shade shed are removed, the soil is plowed by a rotary cultivator to the depth of about 15 cm, the soil is loosened, the rotary cultivator is ploughed to be fine and leveled, a furrow with the width of 120 cm and the height of 20 cm is prepared, and a ditch with the depth of about 5cm is formed on the surface of the furrow; the width of a sidewalk between furrows is about 40cm, drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30 cm are formed around the furrows, and a closed herbicide is sprayed after land preparation is finished to prevent weed seeds from sprouting and seedlings from growing; spraying carbendazim solution to the nursery before seeding for soil sterilization;
s3, sowing: when more than 85 percent of sarcandra glabra seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are exposed to the white, sowing the seeds in a ditch by adopting a drilling method, covering the seeds with fire soil ash or fine soil, wherein the covering thickness is that the seeds are covered, the thickness is preferably not more than 1cm, and the sowing density is 400-500 grains/m2Until the bottom of the current year, nine tea seedlings reach the height of 15 cm, and have more than six pairs of true leaves, and the seedlings can emerge at the bottom of the current year or in the spring of the next year;
s4, fertilizing: the sarcandra seedlings have small fertilizer requirement, a small quantity of multiple fertilization methods are adopted during fertilization, and foliage spraying is adopted as much as possible during fertilization; after the seedlings have two pairs of true leaves, applying fertilizer to the leaves, and spraying after dissolving the special foliar fertilizer in water during fertilizer application; then dressing a leaf surface fertilizer according to specific conditions, and performing leaf surface fertilization once every 20-30 days;
s5, weeding: artificial weeding is adopted for intertillage weeding in the greenhouse field, and weeding is carried out after rain; the soil is moist after rain, which is beneficial to pulling up weeds with roots; weeding is not carried out during drought so as to prevent the surface of the earth from being exposed, and water evaporation is accelerated to cause the soil to be too dry;
s6, irrigation and drainage: in rainy season, the drainage of the drainage ditch is ensured to be smooth, and the phenomenon that the plants die due to water accumulation in the field is avoided; when the drought happens, a sprinkling irrigation system is started to irrigate at the evening;
s7, pest control: after rainy season, mixing carbendazim powder with dry fine soil for spreading; timely removing dead plants, and spreading quicklime;
in the embodiment, the seedling growing process has damping off and epidemic diseases, and the following pesticide control methods are respectively adopted:
the prevention and treatment of damping-off adopt 70% of soluble disul-fone powder and 50% of wettable iprodione powder for spraying or irrigating;
the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases are carried out by selecting 10% dimethomorph aqueous emulsion, 20% pyrimorph suspending agent, 23.4% mandipropamid suspending agent, 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 70% propineb wettable powder for spraying at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days at the later stage, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
According to the sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method, the seedling emergence rate is more than 95%, the seedling aligning rate is more than 85%, 95% of seedlings have 3 pairs of true leaves after four months of seedling emergence, the ground diameter of the seedlings is more than 2.20, when the seedlings grow to the end of the year, the sarcandra glabra seedlings have 6 pairs of true leaves, the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm, the leaves of the true leaves are larger, the color of the leaves is emerald green to dark green, the root system is developed, and the seedlings grow vigorously.
The method is adopted to carry out the sarcandra seedling raising, the insect pest and disease incidence rate is low, and no pesticide is basically used; when the pesticide control method in the embodiment 2 is adopted for plants with diseases, the diseases begin to take effect after 5 days of using the pesticide, and the control rate can reach more than 80%.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples using specific embodiments and experiments, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements can be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements do not depart from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sarcandra glabra shading greenhouse seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting and constructing the shady shed: selecting a plot with flat terrain, deep soil layer and pH of 4.3-7.0, building a flat-top shading greenhouse with a shading net with shading degree of 65-80% and a height of about 3 meters and a length and width determined according to actual conditions of the plot, wherein drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged around the greenhouse, and drainage ditches with the width of 40cm and the depth of 35cm are arranged in the greenhouse every 10 meters;
s2, soil preparation and ridging: after weeds in the shade shed are removed, the soil is turned to the depth of about 15 cm by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage until the soil is finely harrowed and leveled, the width of a pedestrian path between rows of the soil preparation bed is 120 cm, the height of the bed is 20 cm, and a ditch with the depth of about 3cm is formed on the surface of the bed;
s3, sowing: when more than 85 percent of sarcandra glabra seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are exposed to the white, sowing the seeds in a ditch by adopting a drilling method, covering the seeds with fire soil ash or fine soil, wherein the covering thickness is that the seeds are covered and the thickness is not more than 1cm, and the seedling raising and sowing density is about 400-500 grains/m2；
S4, fertilizing: carrying out foliar fertilization after the seedlings have two pairs of true leaves, spraying a special foliar fertilizer after dissolving the foliar fertilizer in water during fertilization, and carrying out foliar fertilization once every 20-30 days;
s5 weeding: artificial weeding is adopted for intertillage weeding in the greenhouse field, and weeding is carried out after rain;
s6 irrigation and drainage: in rainy season, smooth drainage of the drainage ditch is ensured; when the drought happens, a sprinkling irrigation system is started to irrigate at the evening;
s7, pest control: after rainy season, spraying the dry fine soil with carbendazim powder in proportion; and (5) removing the dead plants in time, and spreading quicklime.
2. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in shady greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shade degree in S1 is 70%.
3. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in a shady greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein spraying the soil with a closed herbicide after completion of soil preparation as described in S2, and spraying a carbendazim solution to the nursery before sowing to sterilize and disinfect the soil.
4. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in a shade greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the weeding described in S5, the plucked weeds are placed around the sarcandra glabra plants with their roots facing up.
5. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in shady greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the disease and pest control in S7, a pesticide control method is used to control damping off and/or epidemic diseases.
6. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in shady greenhouse as claimed in claim 5, wherein the controlling of damping off is carried out by spraying or irrigating with 70% soluble powder of sodium diquat and 50% wettable powder of iprodione.
7. The method for raising seedlings of sarcandra glabra in a shady greenhouse according to claim 5, wherein the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases are carried out by spraying 10% dimethomorph aqueous emulsion, 20% pyrimorph suspending agent, 23.4% mandipropamid suspending agent, 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 70% propineb wettable powder at the initial stage of disease occurrence, and spraying for 2-3 times every 7-10 days at the later stage.
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| CN110178485A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-30 | 湖南天地恒一现代中药产业有限公司 | A kind of processing and storage method of sarcandra seed |
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| US5997875A (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-12-07 | Zhou; James H. | Herbal composition and treatment methods |
| CN104542079A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for processing drug-containing slow-release material and preventing and treating vegetable diseases and insect pests |
| CN104718860A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-24 | 广西大学 | Foliar fertilizer for improving yield and quality of sarcandra glabra, lonicerae flos and fortune euonymus |
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| CN107251720A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of imitative wild normalized planting method of Glabrous Sarcandra Herb |
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Application publication date: 20201113 |