CN111903448A - Chili plant cultivation method - Google Patents
Chili plant cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903448A CN111903448A CN202010854254.5A CN202010854254A CN111903448A CN 111903448 A CN111903448 A CN 111903448A CN 202010854254 A CN202010854254 A CN 202010854254A CN 111903448 A CN111903448 A CN 111903448A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a pepper plant cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting seedlings; s2, erecting a planting shed; s3, transplanting; s4, hardening seedlings for the first time; s5, hardening seedlings for the second time; s6, picking hot peppers; s7, drying and taking seeds; s8, sowing; s9, transplanting; s10, selfing and hybridizing; s11, seedling raising and analyzing; the invention adopts a medicament and virus dual seedling exercising mode, and carries out antiviral treatment by means of selfing, hybridization, screening and the like, so that the pepper obtained by breeding has high antiviral property and high survival rate, and the whole method has reasonable science and discipline and strong applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a pepper plant cultivation method.
Background
The pepper is the most widely planted vegetable in China, is planted in various regions of provinces in China, is called as the pepper, the peppers, the ash peppers and the like, is a pepper plant of the solanaceae family, has wide adaptability, is widely planted due to high nutritional value and good edible function, is afraid of the virus disease of the planted pepper, has forty types of pepper virus disease viruses, is an important disease in the large-scale pepper planting process, and generally shows the symptoms of leaf yellowing, mosaic and vein malformation. At present, a placing method of pepper virus diseases mainly cuts off a transmission medium, prevention is preferably to prevent pests such as aphids, thrips, whiteflies, mites and the like, the aphids can be prevented by using efficient cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and the like, the thrips can be prevented by using abamectin, spinosad and thiamethoxam, the whiteflies can be prevented by using dinotefuran and the like, and the mites are generally prevented by using abamectin, spirodiclofen and etoxazole. And (3) timely removing infected virus plants after the virus diseases, timely removing the infected virus plants after the virus diseases are infected, burning or burying the plants with the diseases, and simultaneously well preventing and treating the transmission medium. However, the method is difficult to solve the problem that the pepper is susceptible to pepper virus diseases for a long time and effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating pepper plants, which comprises screening, crossing and selfing to obtain pepper plants with high antiviral activity.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a pepper plant cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling selection: selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds in 5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 6 minutes, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds, airing the seeds and sowing the seeds; after the seedlings grow out, selecting strong seedlings for later use.
S2, erecting a planting shed: erecting two greenhouses, namely a greenhouse A and a greenhouse B, on the selected planting land; each is provided with a plurality of one-way air inlets and a plurality of one-way air outlets.
S3, transplanting: transplanting the strong seedlings obtained in the step S1 into two greenhouses respectively, and transplanting 50-250 plants in each greenhouse; after the pepper seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse film to enable the pepper seedlings to naturally grow, and timely removing diseased seedlings and killing insects in the greenhouse film.
S4, hardening seedlings for one time: when plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B start to bloom, covering transparent greenhouse films or transparent glass covers, and uniformly spraying liquid containing humic acid on the pepper plants in the greenhouse A; uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses on plants in the greenhouse B, wherein when the liquid is sprayed, an operator wears protective clothing and a protective mask, and the air discharged from the one-way air outlet can be discharged outside after high-temperature treatment; and respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 7-15 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants. After primary hardening off, most pepper plants in the greenhouse A still remain, and the antiviral ability is obviously improved; only a small part of pepper plants in the greenhouse B still remain, and when the remained pepper plants, the antiviral ability is greatly improved.
S5, secondary hardening: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B bear fruits and the fruits are in a semi-red state, uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses to the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B respectively; respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 5-7 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants; and the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are fully disinfected. After the secondary hardening, at least half of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A still remain, but the growth state of the plants becomes poor, and the antiviral ability is obviously improved; most pepper plants in the greenhouse B still remain, and the antiviral ability is basically unchanged.
S6, picking hot peppers: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are completely red and ripe, the peppers can be picked; and (4) putting the picked chili plants into a high-temperature furnace for burning.
S7, drying and seed taking: the peppers picked in the step S5 are directly put into a dryer for drying; and after drying, crushing and taking out the pepper seeds.
S8, sowing: respectively screening pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse A, soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and then sowing in an N land; and (3) screening the pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse B, respectively, and soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and then sowing in the M land.
S9, transplanting: after the seedlings grow out, 50-200 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor are selected from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse A, are averagely divided into two groups, namely a group a and b, and then are respectively transplanted to different greenhouses to be cultured under the same conditions; selecting 50-200 strong seedlings with best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse B, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into three groups, namely a group c and a group d, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses to culture under the same condition.
S10, selfing and hybridizing: covering a transparent shed film in the flowering phase of the pepper plants; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group a is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group b is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group b respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group c is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group d is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group d respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; after the male flower pollen collected in the group b is uniformly mixed, the pepper plants in the group d are pollinated by adopting an artificial pollination mode; and d, uniformly mixing the male flower pollen collected in the group d, and pollinating the pepper plants in the group b by adopting an artificial pollination mode.
S11, seedling culture and analysis: after the group a, the group b, the group c and the group d have the results and are mature, collecting the peppers, collecting pepper seeds, and respectively carrying out seedling culture under the same conditions; after the seedlings grow out, the survival rate of the pepper seeds cultured by the four groups of seeds is respectively observed; and selecting a group with the highest survival rate as a pepper germplasm resource collection group, and collecting seeds for large-scale culture after the group of peppers grow up again and bear fruits.
Further, the transplanting number of seedlings in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B in the transplanting of the step S3 is 100.
Further, the number of seedlings in the group a, the group b, the group c and the group d in the step S9 is 100.
The invention adopts a medicament and virus dual seedling exercising mode, and carries out antiviral treatment by means of selfing, hybridization, screening and the like, so that the pepper obtained by breeding has high antiviral property and high survival rate, and the whole method has reasonable science and discipline and strong applicability.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a pepper plant cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling selection: selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds for 5 minutes by using a 5% potassium permanganate solution, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds, airing the seeds, and sowing the seeds; after the seedlings grow out, selecting strong seedlings for later use.
S2, erecting a planting shed: erecting two greenhouses, namely a greenhouse A and a greenhouse B, on the selected planting land; each is provided with a plurality of one-way air inlets and a plurality of one-way air outlets.
S3, transplanting: transplanting the strong seedlings obtained in the step S1 into two greenhouses respectively, and transplanting 100 plants in each greenhouse; after the pepper seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse film to enable the pepper seedlings to naturally grow, and timely removing diseased seedlings and killing insects in the greenhouse film.
S4, hardening seedlings for one time: when plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B start to bloom, covering transparent greenhouse films or transparent glass covers, and uniformly spraying liquid containing humic acid on the pepper plants in the greenhouse A; uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses on plants in the greenhouse B, wherein when the liquid is sprayed, an operator wears protective clothing and a protective mask, and the air discharged from the one-way air outlet can be discharged outside after high-temperature treatment; and respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 10 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants.
S5, secondary hardening: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B bear fruits and the fruits are in a semi-red state, uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses to the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B respectively; respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 7 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants; and the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are fully disinfected.
S6, picking hot peppers: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are completely red and ripe, the peppers can be picked; and (4) putting the picked chili plants into a high-temperature furnace for burning.
S7, drying and seed taking: the peppers picked in the step S5 are directly put into a dryer for drying; and after drying, crushing and taking out the pepper seeds.
S8, sowing: respectively screening pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse A, soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, and then sowing in an N land; and (3) screening the pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse B, respectively, and soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and then sowing in the M land.
S9, transplanting: after the seedlings grow out, selecting 100 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse A, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into two groups, namely a group a and b, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses respectively to culture under the same conditions; selecting 100 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse B, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into three groups, namely a group c and a group d, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses to culture under the same condition.
S10, selfing and hybridizing: covering a transparent shed film in the flowering phase of the pepper plants; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group a is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group b is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group b respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group c is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group d is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group d respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; after the male flower pollen collected in the group b is uniformly mixed, the pepper plants in the group d are pollinated by adopting an artificial pollination mode; and d, uniformly mixing the male flower pollen collected in the group d, and pollinating the pepper plants in the group b by adopting an artificial pollination mode.
S11, seedling culture and analysis: after the group a, the group b, the group c and the group d have the results and are mature, collecting the peppers, collecting pepper seeds, and respectively carrying out seedling culture under the same conditions; after the seedlings grow out, the survival rate of the pepper seeds cultured by the four groups of seeds is respectively observed; and selecting a group with the highest survival rate as a pepper germplasm resource collection group, and collecting seeds for large-scale culture after the group of peppers grow up again and bear fruits.
Example two:
a pepper plant cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling selection: selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds for 5 minutes by using a 5% potassium permanganate solution, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds, airing the seeds, and sowing the seeds; after the seedlings grow out, selecting strong seedlings for later use;
s2, erecting a planting shed: erecting two greenhouses, namely a greenhouse A and a greenhouse B, on the selected planting land; each is provided with a plurality of one-way air inlets and a plurality of one-way air outlets;
s3, transplanting: transplanting the strong seedlings obtained in the step S1 into two greenhouses respectively, and transplanting 80 plants in each greenhouse; after the pepper seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse film to enable the pepper seedlings to naturally grow, and timely removing diseased seedlings and killing insects in the greenhouse film;
s4, hardening seedlings for one time: when plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B start to bloom, covering transparent greenhouse films or transparent glass covers, and uniformly spraying liquid containing humic acid on the pepper plants in the greenhouse A; uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses on plants in the greenhouse B, wherein when the liquid is sprayed, an operator wears protective clothing and a protective mask, and the air discharged from the one-way air outlet can be discharged outside after high-temperature treatment; and respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 7 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants.
S5, secondary hardening: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B bear fruits and the fruits are in a semi-red state, uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses to the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B respectively; respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 5 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants; and the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are fully disinfected.
S6, picking hot peppers: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are completely red and ripe, the peppers can be picked; and (4) putting the picked chili plants into a high-temperature furnace for burning.
S7, drying and seed taking: the peppers picked in the step S5 are directly put into a dryer for drying; and after drying, crushing and taking out the pepper seeds.
S8, sowing: respectively screening pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse A, soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, and then sowing in an N land; and (3) screening the pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse B, respectively, and soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and then sowing in the M land.
S9, transplanting: after the seedlings grow out, selecting 120 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse A, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into two groups, namely a group a and b, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses to culture under the same condition; selecting 120 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse B, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into three groups, namely a group c and a group d, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses to culture under the same condition.
S10, selfing and hybridizing: covering a transparent shed film in the flowering phase of the pepper plants; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group a is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group b is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group b respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group c is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group d is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group d respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; after the male flower pollen collected in the group b is uniformly mixed, the pepper plants in the group d are pollinated by adopting an artificial pollination mode; and d, uniformly mixing the male flower pollen collected in the group d, and pollinating the pepper plants in the group b by adopting an artificial pollination mode.
S11, seedling culture and analysis: after the group a, the group b, the group c and the group d have the results and are mature, collecting the peppers, collecting pepper seeds, and respectively carrying out seedling culture under the same conditions; after the seedlings grow out, the survival rate of the pepper seeds cultured by the four groups of seeds is respectively observed; and selecting a group with the highest survival rate as a pepper germplasm resource collection group, and collecting seeds for large-scale culture after the group of peppers grow up again and bear fruits.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A pepper plant cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling selection: selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds in 5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 3 to 6 minutes, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds, airing the seeds and sowing the seeds; after the seedlings grow out, selecting strong seedlings for later use;
s2, erecting a planting shed: erecting two greenhouses, namely a greenhouse A and a greenhouse B, on the selected planting land; each is provided with a plurality of one-way air inlets and a plurality of one-way air outlets;
s3, transplanting: transplanting the strong seedlings obtained in the step S1 into two greenhouses respectively, and transplanting 50-250 plants in each greenhouse; after the pepper seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse film to enable the pepper seedlings to naturally grow, and timely removing diseased seedlings and killing insects in the greenhouse film;
s4, hardening seedlings for one time: when plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B start to bloom, covering transparent greenhouse films or transparent glass covers, and uniformly spraying liquid containing humic acid on the pepper plants in the greenhouse A; uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses on plants in the greenhouse B, wherein when the liquid is sprayed, an operator wears protective clothing and a protective mask, and the air discharged from the one-way air outlet can be discharged outside after high-temperature treatment; respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 7-15 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants;
s5, secondary hardening: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B bear fruits and the fruits are in a semi-red state, uniformly spraying liquid containing pepper viruses to the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B respectively; respectively observing and recording the growth conditions and survival numbers of the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B within 5-7 days after spraying, and timely cleaning completely dead pepper plants; fully performing disinfection treatment on the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B;
s6, picking hot peppers: when the pepper plants in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B are completely red and ripe, the peppers can be picked; placing the picked plant of the hot pepper into a high-temperature furnace for burning;
s7, drying and seed taking: the peppers picked in the step S5 are directly put into a dryer for drying; after drying, crushing and taking out pepper seeds;
s8, sowing: respectively screening pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse A, soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and then sowing in an N land; respectively screening pepper seeds produced in the greenhouse B, soaking the pepper seeds with full grains in a 5% potassium permanganate solution for 3-6 minutes, and sowing in an M land;
s9, transplanting: after the seedlings grow out, 50-200 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor are selected from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse A, are averagely divided into two groups, namely a group a and b, and then are respectively transplanted to different greenhouses to be cultured under the same conditions; selecting 50-200 strong seedlings with the best growth vigor from the seedlings cultured by the seeds produced in the greenhouse B, averagely dividing the strong seedlings into three groups, namely a group c and a group d, and then transplanting the strong seedlings to different greenhouses to culture under the same condition;
s10, selfing and hybridizing: covering a transparent shed film in the flowering phase of the pepper plants; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group a is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group b is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group b respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; covering each pepper plant with a transparent gauze in the greenhouse where the group c is located, and selfing the pepper plants of the group a; in the greenhouse where the group d is located, emasculating all the pepper plants of the group d respectively, and collecting the male flower pollen for later use; after the male flower pollen collected in the group b is uniformly mixed, the pepper plants in the group d are pollinated by adopting an artificial pollination mode; b, uniformly mixing the male flower pollen collected in the group d, and pollinating the pepper plants in the group b in an artificial pollination mode;
s11, seedling culture and analysis: after the group a, the group b, the group c and the group d have the results and are mature, collecting the peppers, collecting pepper seeds, and respectively carrying out seedling culture under the same conditions; after the seedlings grow out, the survival rate of the pepper seeds cultured by the four groups of seeds is respectively observed; and selecting a group with the highest survival rate as a pepper germplasm resource collection group, and collecting seeds for large-scale culture after the group of peppers grow up again and bear fruits.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of growing the pepper plant comprises: in the step S3, the transplanting number of seedlings in the greenhouse A and the greenhouse B is 100.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of growing the pepper plant comprises: the number of seedlings in the groups a, b, c and d in the step S9 is 100.
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| CN115568344A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-01-06 | 遵义职业技术学院 | Green prevention and treatment method for capsicum root nematode disease |
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