CN111871376B - 一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备及应用 - Google Patents

一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备及应用 Download PDF

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CN111871376B
CN111871376B CN202010546355.6A CN202010546355A CN111871376B CN 111871376 B CN111871376 B CN 111871376B CN 202010546355 A CN202010546355 A CN 202010546355A CN 111871376 B CN111871376 B CN 111871376B
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邱建丁
吴以迪
梁汝萍
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备及应用,属于环境保护技术领域。先将2,4,6‑三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)和联苯胺(BD)在合适条件下通过席夫碱反应制备共价有机框架(COF‑TpBD),再在COF‑TpBD原位负载三硫化二铟(In2S3)纳米粒子,得到兼具In2S3和COF特性的复合材料(In2S3@COF)。本发明方法制备的In2S3@COF富含大量的S元素,可通过Hg‑S相互作用吸附Hg2+,另一方面COF固有的大比表面积、优良孔径也可以极大提高对Hg2+的吸附容量。电感耦合等离子体质谱测试结果表明,In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附性能优异。本发明制备In2S3@COF多孔纳米复合材料的方法简单、结构稳定、成本低廉、环境友好,对水体中Hg2+的吸附和去除效率高,可作为环境废水中Hg2+的高效吸附剂。

Description

一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备及应用,属于环境保护技术领域。
背景技术
随着工业发展,世界各地的水清洁状况日益受到关注。重金属离子从各种来源(包括金属加工,肥料,电镀,废物处理,电池,油漆和燃料燃烧等)排放进入水体,这些元素可随食物链由生物富集,极大的威胁了环境及动植物安全。Hg2+是其中最为常见的一种,它可与蛋白酶进行结合,对人体肾脏造成严重损害(L.H.Zhi,Z.Wei,F.J.Chen,B.D.Wang.3D MoS2Composition Aerogel as Chemosensors and Adsorbents for Colorimetric Detectionand High-Capacity Adsorption of Hg2+,ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2016,4(6):3398-3408)。为了人类健康和环境安全,对含Hg2+的废水处理迫在眉睫。传统的去除Hg2+的技术有电解、溶剂萃取、离子交换和膜过滤等,然而,这些方法大多处理时间长、吸附效率低或操作繁琐,不太可能用于实际废水处理(L.J.Ma,S.M.Islam,C.L.Xiao,J.Zhao,H.Liu,M.Yuan,G.Sun,H.Li,S.Ma,M.G.Kanatzidis.Rapid Simultaneous Removalof Toxic Anions[HSeO3]-,[SeO3]2-,and[SeO4]2-,and Metals Hg2+,Cu2+,and Cd2+by MoS4 2-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide,Journal of the American ChemicalSociety,2017,139(36):12745-12757)。吸附技术由于简单、经济和高效而得到广泛应用,因此,亟待发展更具成本效益和高效的吸附剂去除废水中的Hg2+。目前常用的去除重金属离子的吸附剂主要包括活性炭、沸石、无机材料和树脂等。
硫通过Hg-S相互作用对Hg2+具有很强的亲和力。因此,硫化物,特别是硫化物纳米粒子(NPs)一直是备受关注的除汞吸附剂(Y.Oh,S.Bag,C.D.Malliakas,M.G.Kanatzidis.Selective Surfaces:High-Surface-Area Zinc Tin SulfideChalcogels,Chemistry of Materials,2011,23(9):2447-2456)。但是,纳米粒子易于发生聚集,导致汞吸附量低和动力学缓慢。共价有机骨架(COFs)是一种结晶性高的多孔聚合物,可将官能团定位在精确的位置,COFs具有良好的孔径,较大的比表面积以及规则的孔结构(X.Feng,X.Ding,D.Jiang.Covalent Organic Frameworks,Chemical Society Reviews,2012,41:6010-6022)。目前,已制备了硫醇或硫醚官能化的COFs材料并应用于吸附Hg2+(Q.Sun,B.Aguila,J.Perman,L.D.Earl,C.W.Abney,Y.Cheng,H.Wei,N.Nguyen,L.Wojtas,S.Ma.Postsynthetically Modified Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient andEffective Mercury Removal,Journal of the American Chemical Society,2017,139(7):2786-2793),然而这些制备过程通常需要对COFs进行繁复的后修饰,提高了成本,并且会对COFs晶体结构造成破坏,影响了其吸附性能。由于COFs优异的特性,可将纳米粒子负载在COFs上,一方面可防止纳米粒子聚集,提高纳米粒子性能,另一方面还可保持COFs晶体结构的完整性。然而,尚未见基于COFs负载In2S3纳米粒子用于协同吸附及去除Hg2+的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备方法及其在Hg2+去除中的应用,该方法制备In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料具有简单、稳定、价廉、环境友好的特点,且对重金属离子Hg2+具有吸附容量大和效率高的优点。
本发明是这样实现的,
先将2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚和联苯胺通过席夫碱反应制备共价有机框架,再将In2S3纳米粒子原位负载在共价有机框架中,得到兼具In2S3和共价有机框架特性的In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料。
In2S3@共价有机框架的制备包括以下步骤:
S1,共价有机框架的制备:向50mL派热克斯管中加入315.21mg的2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚、414.54mg联苯胺、5mL均三甲苯、5mL的1,4-二氧六环和1.5mL醋酸水溶液,将混合物在100%功率下超声处理20min,通过三次冷冻-泵-解冻循环进行脱气,在真空下密封,并在120℃加热3天;取出反应混合物并冷却至室温,通过离心收集黄色沉淀,分别用乙醇、四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺洗涤几次,然后在60℃下真空干燥12小时,得到共价有机框架(COF-TpBD);
S2,In2S3@共价有机框架的制备:将200mg的COF-TpBD分散在40mL无水正己烷中并超声处理20min,使用注射泵以10μL/min的速度在匀速搅拌下加入0.32mL 1M的In(NO3)3水溶液,将混合物继续搅拌8h后静置过夜,将沉淀物在室温下自然干燥;将得到的干燥沉淀物真空干燥12h,将得到的固体填充到固-气反应装置中,与H2S气体进行固-气反应12h,将所得产物在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到In2S3@共价有机框架(In2S3@COF)。
作为优选,2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚与联苯胺的物质的量之比为2:3;醋酸水溶液的浓度为6M;H2S气体是通过将10mL甲酸置于装有10g Na2S的锥形烧瓶中反应产生的,使得步骤S2填充到固-气反应装置中的固体与H2S气体进行固-气反应。
本发明制备的In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料在Hg2+去除中的应用:将5mg的In2S3@共价有机框架加入到30mL含不同浓度Hg2+的pH中性水溶液中,搅拌120min,过滤掉沉淀,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测量滤液中剩余的Hg2+含量,计算In2S3@共价有机框架对Hg2+的吸附容量,随着Hg2+浓度的增大,In2S3@共价有机框架对Hg2+吸附容量增加,最大吸附容量高达1095.2mg/g,可用于水中Hg2+的高效吸附和快速去除。
本发明相较于现有技术,其有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备了In2S3纳米粒子负载的共价有机框架多孔纳米复合新材料(In2S3@COF),In2S3@COF兼具In2S3纳米粒子和共价有机框架的特性。
(2)本发明制备In2S3@COF材料的过程简便,无需对COF进行复杂的后修饰,可直接将In2S3纳米粒子原位负载在COF材料上,大大节省了成本并提高了制备效率。
(3)本发明制备的In2S3@COF可通过Hg-S作用以及COF优良的孔径协同吸附Hg2+,使得吸附容量大和吸附速率快,可作为Hg2+的高效吸附剂。
附图说明
图1是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料制备过程示意图。
图2是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料的SEM图。
图3是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料的TEM图。
图4是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料的XRD图。
图5是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料的FT-IR图。
图6是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料对Hg2+的吸附等温线图。
图7是In2S3@COF纳米复合材料对Hg2+的吸附动力学图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,本发明并不限于此;
实施例1
In2S3纳米粒子负载的共价有机框架复合材料(In2S3@COF)纳米复合材料的制备
共价有机框架(COF-TpBD)的制备:向50mL派热克斯管中加入2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚(315.21mg,1.5mmol)、联苯胺(414.54mg,2.25mmol)、均三甲苯(5mL)、1,4-二氧六环(5mL)和醋酸水溶液(1.5mL,6M),将混合物超声(100%功率)处理20min,通过三次冷冻-泵-解冻循环进行脱气,在真空下密封,并在120℃下加热3天,取出后将反应混合物冷却至室温,并通过离心收集黄色沉淀,分别用乙醇、四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺洗涤几次,然后在60℃下真空干燥12h,得到共价有机框架(COF-TpBD);
In2S3@共价有机框架(In2S3@COF)的制备:将COF-TpBD(200mg)分散在无水正己烷(40mL)中并超声处理约20min,使用注射泵以10μL/min的速度在恒定搅拌下加入In(NO3)3水溶液(1M,0.32mL),将混合物继续搅拌8h,将沉淀物在室温下自然干燥;将得到的干燥沉淀物真空干燥12h,将得到的固体填充到固-气反应装置中,与H2S气体进行固-气反应12h,将所得产物在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到In2S3@共价有机框架(In2S3@COF)。图1为In2S3@COF的制备过程示意图。
采用扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)对材料形貌进行表征,由图2SEM图可见,In2S3@COF纳米复合材料具有明显的三维多孔结构,该结构大大增加了In2S3@COF的活性位点数量。
由图3TEM图可见,在In2S3@COF纳米复合材料表面及孔洞内均匀分布了大量的In2S3纳米粒子,并且这些纳米粒子被限制为较小的颗粒以避免团聚,有利于与水体中的Hg2 +作用,提高吸附容量。
采用X射线衍射(XRD)光谱对In2S3@COF晶体及化学结构进行了表征,从图4可见,在小角度(4.7°)处2θ峰对应反射晶面(100),大角度(27°)对应(001)晶面,表明该COF层与层结构之间具有强的π-π堆积作用,且COF结构的结晶度较好。2θ在27.5°、33.4°、47.9°处的特征峰分别对应于In2S3的(311)、(400)和(440)晶面,表明成功合成了In2S3纳米粒子。
图5为In2S3@COF的红外光谱图(FT-IR),在1620cm-1处的特征吸收峰对应于C=N伸缩振动,表明COF的成功生成。
以上SEM、TEM、XRD和FT-IR表征结果表明,采用本发明方法成功制备了In2S3@COF多孔纳米复合材料。
实施例2
In2S3@COF多孔纳米复合材料用于水体中Hg2+去除
(1)pH和In2S3@COF用量的优化
对水溶液pH值和In2S3@COF多孔纳米复合材料的用量进行了优化。结果表明,在pH3-8范围内,In2S3@COF对Hg2+具有较高的吸附效率,这也表明多孔材料本身及负载了纳米粒子之后具有良好的稳定性,因此,选择水溶液的pH值7为实验反应pH值。当In2S3@COF的用量从1mg/30mL增加到5mg/30mL时,In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附率急剧增大,这是由于材料表面积增大和纳米粒子活性吸附位点数量增加所致。当In2S3@COF的用量继续从5mg/30mL增加到8mg/30mL时,In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附率几乎不变,因此,选择5mg/30mL为In2S3@COF的最佳用量。
(2)在优化实验条件下,研究了In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附容量和去除效率。
将5mg的In2S3@COF加入到30mL含不同浓度Hg2+的水溶液中,用硝酸或氢氧化钠溶液调节溶液的pH值为7.0,搅拌120min,过滤掉沉淀,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测量滤液中剩余的Hg2+含量,计算In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附容量,随着Hg2+浓度的增大,In2S3@COF对吸附容量增加,直至达到平衡状态,最大吸附容量高达1095.2mg/g(图6),比现有的Hg2+吸附剂如石墨烯气凝胶的515.0mg/g(Z.Tong,D.Yang,J.Shi,Y.Nan,Y.Sun,Z.Jiang.Three-Dimensional Porous Aerogel Constructed by g-C3N4 and GrapheneOxide Nanosheets with Excellent Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance,ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(46):25693-25701)、MnCl2纳米粒子的311.0mg/g(M.Arshadi.Manganese Chloride Nanoparticles:A Practical Adsorbent for theSequestration of Hg(II)Ions from Aqueous Solution,Chemical EngineeringJournal,2015,259(1):170-182)、甲基硫功能化的COF的734.0mg/g(N.Huang,L.Zhai,H.Xu,D.Jiang.Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks for Exceptional MercuryRemoval from Aqueous Solutions,Journal of the American Chemical Society,2017,139(6):2428-2434)高,可见本发明方法制备的In2S3@COF对Hg2+具有优越的吸附能力,可用于水中Hg2+的高效去除。
图7为In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附动力学图。由图7可见,In2S3@COF对Hg2+的去除率随着吸附时间的延长而增大,在In2S3@COF吸附剂加入到Hg2+溶液(初始浓度为10ppm)中开始,溶液中剩余的游离Hg2+浓度随时间延长而迅速减少,吸附时间为2min时,In2S3@COF吸附剂可以去除80%以上的Hg2+,当吸附时间为30min时,Hg2+几乎被全部去除,表明本发明方法制备的In2S3@COF对Hg2+的吸附速度快。
综上可见,本发明方法制备的In2S3@COF多孔纳米复合材料对Hg2+的吸附容量大且吸附效率高,可用于水中Hg2+的高效吸附及快速去除。

Claims (3)

1.一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料,其特征在于:先将2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚和联苯胺通过席夫碱反应制备共价有机框架,再将In2S3纳米粒子原位负载在共价有机框架中,得到兼具In2S3和共价有机框架特性的In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料,应用于对Hg2+的高效吸附和去除;
一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
S1,共价有机框架的制备
向50 mL派热克斯管中加入315.21 mg的2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚、414.54 mg联苯胺、5mL均三甲苯、5 mL的1,4-二氧六环和1.5 mL醋酸水溶液,将混合物在100 %功率下超声处理20 min,通过三次冷冻-泵-解冻循环进行脱气,在真空下密封,并在120℃加热3天;取出反应混合物并冷却至室温,通过离心收集黄色沉淀,分别用乙醇、四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺洗涤几次,然后在60℃下真空干燥12小时,得到共价有机框架;其中,2,4,6-三醛基间苯三酚与联苯胺的物质的量之比为2:3,醋酸水溶液的浓度为6 M;
S2,In2S3@共价有机框架的制备
将200 mg 的共价有机框架分散在40 mL无水正己烷中并超声处理20 min,使用注射泵以10μL/min的速度在匀速搅拌下加入0.32 mL 1M的In(NO3)3水溶液,将混合物继续搅拌8 h后静置过夜,将沉淀物在室温下自然干燥;将得到的干燥沉淀物真空干燥12 h,将得到的固体填充到固-气反应装置中,与H2S气体进行固-气反应12 h,将所得产物在50℃下真空干燥12 h,得到In2S3@共价有机框架;其中,H2S气体是通过将10 mL甲酸置于装有10 g Na2S的锥形烧瓶中反应产生的,使得填充到固-气反应装置中的固体与H2S气体进行固-气反应。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的应用,其特征在于:
In2S3@共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料应用于对Hg2+的高效吸附和去除。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种共价有机框架多孔纳米复合材料的应用,其特征在于:
将5 mg的In2S3@共价有机框架加入到30 mL含不同浓度Hg2+的pH中性水溶液中,搅拌120min,过滤掉沉淀,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测量滤液中剩余的Hg2+含量,计算In2S3@共价有机框架对Hg2+的吸附容量,随着Hg2+浓度的增大,In2S3@共价有机框架对Hg2+吸附容量增加,最大吸附容量高达1095.2 mg/g,可用于水中Hg2+的高效吸附和快速去除。
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