CN111837793A - Southern magnolia winter planting and maintaining method - Google Patents
Southern magnolia winter planting and maintaining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837793A CN111837793A CN202010818135.4A CN202010818135A CN111837793A CN 111837793 A CN111837793 A CN 111837793A CN 202010818135 A CN202010818135 A CN 202010818135A CN 111837793 A CN111837793 A CN 111837793A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting nursery stocks: the nursery stock land is suitable for carrying soil balls, the sand content is low, the soil balls are enlarged in winter, and the size, branch points, crown breadth, nursery stock freshness, soil ball integrity, soil quality of the soil balls, quarantine permit and invoice are checked and accepted; planting preparation: the soil is fertile, good in drainage and slightly acidic; planting: the soil ball is uniformly sprayed with rooting powder, the overlong root system is trimmed and subjected to antiseptic treatment, the root fixing water is required to be immediately irrigated for no more than 24 hours after the nursery stock is planted, and the water demand is low in winter and the seedling cannot be watered more; protection in winter: spraying an antifreezing agent, wrapping the tree trunk, irrigating with antifreezing water, laminating, preserving heat and erecting a windproof barrier; the method has the advantages that the seedling selection, the field planting and the protection are scientifically and reasonably arranged, the protection measures of the southern magnolia in winter are increased, the cold resistance and the freezing resistance of the southern magnolia in winter are enhanced, and the survival rate of the southern magnolia is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting and maintaining technology, in particular to a magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method, and belongs to the technical field of garden planting.
Background
The southern magnolia is evergreen arbor of magnolia of Magnoliaceae, also called Yulan magnolia, Yulan magnolia liliflora, leaf leathern, with the leaf length of 10-20 cm; the flower is big like lotus, is white or light yellow, is fragrant, has 6 petals, has a diameter of 20-30cm, and has a flowering period of 5-7 months; the seed skin is red, and the fruit is ripe in 9-10 months. The southern magnolia also has stronger resistance to sulfur dioxide and other toxic gases, has less plant diseases and insect pests, and is an excellent environment-friendly tree species for purifying air and protecting the environment. The leaves and flowers of Magnolia grandiflora contain volatile oil, magnoflorine, etc., and can be used for treating emesis, diarrhea, hypertension, migraine, etc., and its application in medicine has been reported. Its native north eastern north america; common cultivation in southern area of Suzhou province; china also has cultivation in the south of the Yangtze river.
The patent publication No. CN 104488494A discloses a high-efficiency cultivation method of southern magnolia, which comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation, field planting, transplanting, trimming and later-period management. The cultivation method of the southern magnolia can greatly improve the growth speed of the southern magnolia, improve the survival rate, provide a larger growth space for the southern magnolia by expanding the growth density of seedlings of the southern magnolia, provide nutrition guarantee for the southern magnolia by matching with applied fertilizers, match with trimming and later-period management, not only can ensure the southern magnolia to obtain sufficient light, but also can ensure the grown southern magnolia to be more beautiful in appearance and improve the ornamental value and the economic value of the southern magnolia, however, the protection of the southern magnolia is limited to the method that branches and trunks in summer are exposed under burning sun and are wrapped by straw ropes or coated with lime emulsion, the protection of the southern magnolia is simple, how to protect the southern magnolia is protected in winter is not provided, the protection of the southern magnolia in winter is more important than the protection in summer, and meanwhile, the measures for seedling selection, planting and field planting of the southern magnolia are simpler, the method has the advantages that high-quality magnolia grandiflora seedlings cannot be selected, a good growing environment cannot be provided for magnolia grandiflora planting, and therefore the magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method to solve the problems in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting nursery stocks: selecting magnolia grandiflora seedlings through a planting and maintenance system;
a. and (3) seedling source: in principle not exceeding 2 latitudes; the nursery stock land is suitable for carrying soil balls, the sand content is low, and the soil quality is good and the soil balls are not scattered;
b. the nursery stock source area treatment and transportation requirements are as follows: the soil balls are increased in winter and are 1/5-1/6 times larger than normal soil balls; pruning the nursery stock land by 50% to reduce transpiration; marking the yin and yang surfaces; the tarpaulin must be covered for transportation; protecting the root system of the soil ball; scheduling the arrival time;
c. inspecting incoming quality of nursery stocks: checking and accepting the size of the soil balls, branch points, crown sizes, the freshness of the seedlings, the integrity of the soil balls, the soil quality of the soil balls, quarantine certificates and invoice bills;
d. placing a ventilation pipe and pruning the nursery stock: the placing length of the vent pipe exceeds the thickness of the soil ball by 20-30cm, and the diameter of the opening of the vent pipe is adapted to the breast diameter of the tree; drilling holes 20-30cm at the bottom of the ventilation pipe, controlling the diameter of the holes to be 0.5-1cm, controlling the distance to be 3-4cm, and protecting the outer layer by adopting a green net; the inclination angle of the ventilating pipes is preferably 45-70 degrees, and the planting surface is exposed by 15cm according to the rule that two ventilating pipes are placed in each tree; pruning branches and picking leaves, reserving 1/4 leaves, mainly pruning inner bore branches, cross branches and broken branches, and cutting more than 2cm to apply callus;
step two, planting preparation: preparing the magnolia grandiflora by a planting and maintenance system;
a. the soil characteristic requirement is as follows: the method needs soil which is fertile, has good drainage and is slightly acidic, is strictly forbidden to be planted in garbage soil with poor drainage and water accumulation, and has extremely high requirement on the dryness and cleanliness of the soil; strictly controlling the soil quality of the entering field;
b. and (3) carrying out tree pit excavation requirement and treatment: the size of the tree pit is determined to be 20-30cm larger on each side according to the specified diameter of the soil ball, and the depth is 20cm larger than the thickness of the soil ball; the pit excavation is required to be vertically forbidden to be in a pot bottom shape; the impermeable layer is strictly forbidden under the tree pit; the inside of the street tree pool is required to be excavated to be vertical to the edge and the earth backfilling amount in the pool is increased to ensure the growth space of the root system; the thickness of the drainage cushion layer in the rain-rich area is 10-15 cm;
c. improving backfill soil: the backfill soil around the soil ball is mixed evenly with 2-8 parts of doped sand, 3-7 parts of nutrient soil and 3-7 parts of peat soil;
step three, planting: scientific planting is carried out on the southern magnolia through a planting and maintenance system;
a. pre-planting treatment and planting: uniformly spraying rooting powder on the soil balls before field planting; pruning and antiseptic treatment of overlong root systems; the planting depth is 5-10cm higher than the planting surface, and deep planting is forbidden; backfilling the improved soil in the tree pit during planting, and backfilling in layers and tamping each layer to be no more than 30cm in thickness; during planting, the position of the male and female surfaces is noticed;
b. rooting and supporting: after the nursery stock is planted, the nursery stock must be immediately watered with root fixing water for no more than 24 hours, and the nursery stock is thoroughly watered at one time; the water demand is less in winter, and more watering is not needed when 2 times are used; after sufficient water is poured, the water accumulation condition is checked through a vent pipe, and water is pumped and drained according to the result; the center of gravity of the nursery stock is basically located at 1/3, and the supporting point must be located above and below the center of gravity; the depth of the bottom pile into the soil is not less than 30 cm; the thickness of the supporting rod is adapted to the diameter of the breast height of the tree; the street trees need to master the size of an opening angle, the parallel condition of a driving route and the attractiveness of a rod body;
step four, protection in winter: the magnolia grandiflora is protected in winter through the planting and maintenance system, and specific protection measures are as follows:
a. and (3) spraying an antifreezing agent: according to the weather condition, before the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the magnolia grandiflora is sprayed with an antifreezing agent once in 15 days, and the leaves are mainly sprayed; appointing a specially-assigned person to timely master weather changes and spraying the special-assigned person before cold flow and monsoon comes;
b. packaging the trunk: when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, wrapping the magnolia grandiflora trunks;
c. and (3) irrigating with antifreezing water: the tree tray is irrigated with enough anti-freezing water, the base part of the tree is covered with a film for hilling after irrigation, and the time for irrigating the freezing water by southern magnolia is based on the fact that ground water begins to freeze, namely 'freezing at night and thawing in the daytime';
d. film coating and heat preservation: adopting a mulching film method for heat preservation, and covering 5-10cm of straws or wheat straws below a film;
e. and (3) erecting a windproof barrier: and adopting a windbreak according to the weather forecast that the instant temperature is lower than-10 ℃, building a windbreak in the windward direction of the trees, mainly treating the north wind in the west, and arranging the windbreak in the northwest direction and slightly inclining to the northwest.
Further, the specific working method of the trunk wrapping is as follows: the trunk is wrapped in a winding mode by two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth, the cold-proof cloth is tied by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the trunk, the trunk is wound by a plastic film after the cold-proof cloth is wrapped, the wrapping is performed from bottom to top, and the cold-proof cloth is tightly wound by adhesive tapes in a segmenting mode.
Furthermore, the planting and maintenance system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a task assignment module, a positioning module, a database and a server;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring magnolia grandiflora seedling information, planting information and protection information and sending the information to the server; the database is used for storing collected data and preset data; the positioning module is used for positioning a nursery stock producing area, a planting position and a protection personnel position and sending the nursery stock producing area, the planting position and the protection personnel position to the server;
the data analysis is used for analyzing the nursery stock information, the planting information and the protection information of the southern magnolia, and the specific analysis process is as follows:
s1: acquiring the geographical positions of a nursery stock producing area and a planting area of the southern magnolia by using a positioning module, respectively marking the geographical positions as (Xc, Xc), (Xz, Xz), establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system, calculating a distance J between the two areas by using a formula, judging that the nursery stock of the southern magnolia is unqualified when the distance J exceeds a distance threshold value, and otherwise entering the next step;
s2: collecting a nursery stock producing area, carrying out a sand content test, further obtaining the sand content Hs of the nursery stock producing area, obtaining the diameter Zj and the thickness Hd of a magnolia grandiflora nursery stock soil ball, obtaining the trunk breast diameter Xj, the crown width Gf and the branch point Fz of the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock, obtaining the length Cd, the pipe orifice diameter Gz and the inclination angle Qx of a vent pipe, entering the next step if the Cd-Hd is more than or equal to 20cm and less than or equal to 30cm, the Gz is Xj, and the Qx is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, otherwise, judging that the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock is unqualified;
s3: the qualified value Hg of the Magnolia grandiflora seedling is calculated by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
s4: when the qualified value Hg1 exceeds a preset qualified threshold value, adopting the Magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and entering the next step;
s5: obtaining the diameter Szj and the depth Ssd of the planted tree pit, if the diameter is more than or equal to Szj-Zj and more than or equal to 20cm, the diameter is more than or equal to 30cm and more than or equal to Cd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, and the diameter is more than or equal to Ssd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, judging that the planted tree pit is qualified, otherwise, judging that the planted;
s6: obtaining a planting field of magnolia grandiflora, respectively obtaining soil humidity Ts, soil porosity Tk, soil temperature Tw, soil organic matter content Ty, soil pH Tsj and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content Tlj of the planting field, calculating fertility Fw of the soil, and entering the next step when the fertility reaches a preset fertility threshold;
s7: after the magnolia grandiflora seedlings are planted, obtaining the planting depth Zs of the magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and if the Zs is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 10cm, initially planting the magnolia grandiflora seedlings to be qualified;
s8: acquiring the air temperature value of the southern magnolia in the future 15 days after planting in real time, and marking the air temperature value as Wi, i is 1, … … and 15;
s81: calculating to obtain an average gas temperature value Wp in the future 15 days by using a summation formula;
s82: if the average air temperature value Wp is less than or equal to 5 ℃, generating a cold-proof signal and sending the cold-proof signal to a server;
s83: if the average air temperature value Wp is more than 5 ℃, no cold-proof signal is generated;
s84: traversing the air temperature values of the next 15 days, and if the air temperature value of any one day of the next 15 days is lower than minus ten ℃, generating an anti-freezing and windproof signal and sending the anti-freezing and windproof signal to the server;
s85: if the temperature value of 15 days in the future is higher than minus ten ℃, an anti-freezing and windproof signal is not generated;
s9: feeding back nursery stock information, planting information and protection information of southern magnolia to a server;
the task assignment module is used for task allocation of winter protection measures, and the specific allocation process is as follows:
SS 1: acquiring garden workers in an idle state, classifying the garden workers in the idle state as a candidate, and marking the candidate as o, wherein o is 1, … … and n;
SS 2: obtaining the total protection amount Fzo and the survival protection amount Fco of magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the protection survival rate Fo of the person to be selected to be Fco/Fzo;
SS 3: acquiring the current protection task amount of a person to be selected, marking the current protection task amount as Fro, acquiring the protection efficiency of the person to be selected, and marking the protection efficiency as Fxo;
SS 4: obtaining the protection time length of all magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the average protection time length Fpto of the person to be selected by using a summation and averaging formula;
SS 5: and (3) calculating to obtain a protection recommended value Ftj of the person to be selected by using a formula, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
SS 6: acquiring people to be selected with the protection recommended value of three, classifying the people to be selected into preselected people Yu, wherein u is 1, 2 and 3, and acquiring the protection recommended value Ftju, the working time Etu and the protection price Priu of the preselected people Yu;
SS 7: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the magnolia grandiflora planting field as an origin, and calculating the distance Disu between the person to be selected and the magnolia grandiflora by using a distance formula between two points;
SS 8: and calculating to obtain a protection value M by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
SS 9: and acquiring the candidate with the largest protection value, classifying the candidate as a protection assignor, and increasing the protection amount of the protection assignor once.
Furthermore, the planting and maintenance system also comprises a generating and printing module and a display module, wherein the generating and printing module is used for generating a data analysis result and a task assignment result and then printing the data analysis result and the task assignment result at a specified position; the display module is used for displaying data analysis results and task assignment results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method strictly controls the seedling source of magnolia grandiflora, the selection distance does not exceed 2 latitudes in principle, and 50% of the seedling field is trimmed, so that the transpiration of the seedlings is reduced; the sand content of the soil balls of the seedlings is less, the enlarged soil balls are 1/5-1/6 times larger than normal soil balls in winter, the tarpaulin needs to be covered during transportation, the root systems of the soil balls are effectively protected, and therefore the soil balls of the southern magnolia are not easy to scatter during transportation; marking the sunny side, reasonably arranging the arrival time of the nursery stock, and avoiding the nursery stock from being dehydrated and dead due to long-time transportation; placing the ventilation pipes and pruning the seedlings to ensure the original crown width, sparse inside and dense outside; the callus cream is smeared during pruning, so that the nursery stock can be quickly healed; during field planting, the rooting powder is uniformly sprayed on the soil balls before field planting, overlong root systems are trimmed and subjected to antiseptic treatment, the planting depth is 5-10cm higher than the planting surface, deep planting is strictly forbidden, and the root of the magnolia grandiflora seedling is effectively prevented from rotting; when planting, backfilling the improved soil in the tree pit, backfilling in layers, tamping in layers to ensure that the thickness of each layer is not more than 30cm, immediately irrigating the seedlings for no more than 24 hours after planting, thoroughly irrigating at one time, requiring less water in winter, generally needing 2 times to avoid excessive irrigation, detecting the water accumulation condition through a vent pipe after sufficient water irrigation, draining water according to the result, strictly controlling the water irrigation amount, and improving the survival rate of the magnolia grandiflora seedlings; the gravity center of the nursery stock is basically located at 1/3 of the tree body, the supporting point must be located above and below the gravity center, the depth of the bottom pile into the soil is not less than 30cm, the thickness of the supporting rod is adapted to the breast diameter of the tree, lodging of magnolia grandiflora nursery stock is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the street tree needs to pay attention to the size of the opening angle, the parallel condition of the driving route and the attractiveness of the rod body;
2. according to the method, magnolia grandiflora is protected in winter, according to the weather condition, before the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, an antifreezing agent is sprayed on magnolia grandiflora once every 15 days, leaves are mainly sprayed, the antifreezing agent can quickly form a layer of protective film on the leaf surfaces of plants, attack of cold flow and monsoon is blocked, the antifreezing capacity of the plants is improved, branch and leaf damage caused by wind erosion is reduced, a protection recommended value is calculated by obtaining the protection survival rate, the protection task amount, the protection efficiency and the average protection duration of garden workers, in the three garden workers before the protection recommended value, the protection value is calculated according to the protection recommended value, the working duration, the protection price and the distance, the protection value is the protection assignor with the largest protection value, the entry part assigns the protection assignor to grasp weather change in time, and the magnolia grandiflora and monsoon comes to spray the cold flow and monsoon, so that the emergency antifreezing capacity of the plants is improved; when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the southern magnolia trunk is wrapped, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are used for wrapping the trunk in a winding mode and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the trunk until wrapping to a secondary branch point of the trunk, after the wrapping is finished, the trunk is wound by a plastic film from bottom to top, and the adhesive tape is used for winding tightly in sections, so that the cold-proof capability of the trunk is improved; the tree tray is fully irrigated with anti-freezing water, the base of the tree is covered with a film for hilling after irrigation, the time for irrigating the freezing water by southern magnolia is based on the fact that ground water begins to freeze, namely, 'freezing at night and thawing at daytime', the film covering method is adopted for heat preservation, and straw or wheat straw with the length of 5-10cm is covered under the film, so that the water needed by the tree body is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved; according to the weather forecast, the immediate temperature is lower than-10 ℃, the wind barrier can be erected in the windward direction of the trees for reducing the damage to the trees caused by the cold and dry strong wind, the wind barrier is mainly arranged in the northwest direction in winter, the wind barrier is arranged in the northwest direction and slightly inclines to the northwest direction, and the cold-proof and anti-freezing wind resisting capability of the southern magnolia is further improved.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a winter planting and maintaining method of southern magnolia of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a method for planting and maintaining southern magnolia in winter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for planting and maintaining magnolia grandiflora in winter specifically includes the following steps:
step one, selecting nursery stocks: selecting magnolia grandiflora seedlings through a planting and maintenance system;
a. and (3) seedling source: in principle not exceeding 2 latitudes (300 km); the nursery stock land is suitable for being provided with soil balls, and has low sand content and good soil quality without ball scattering;
b. the nursery stock source area treatment and transportation requirements are as follows: the soil balls are increased in winter and are 1/5-1/6 times larger than normal soil balls; pruning the nursery stock land by 50% to reduce transpiration; marking the yin and yang surfaces; the tarpaulin must be covered for transportation; attention is paid to the protection of the soil ball root system; scheduling the arrival time;
c. inspecting incoming quality of nursery stocks: checking and accepting the size of the soil balls, branch points, crown sizes, the freshness of the seedlings, the integrity of the soil balls, the soil quality of the soil balls, quarantine certificates and invoice bills;
d. placing a ventilation pipe and pruning a nursery stock (ensuring the original crown width, sparse inside and dense outside): the placing length of the vent pipe exceeds the thickness of the soil ball by 20-30cm, and the diameter of the opening of the vent pipe is adapted to the breast diameter of the tree; drilling holes 20-30cm at the bottom of the ventilation pipe, controlling the diameter of the holes to be 0.5-1cm, controlling the distance to be 3-4cm, and protecting the outer layer by adopting a green net; the inclination angle of the ventilating pipes is preferably 45-70 degrees, and the planting surface is exposed by 15cm according to the rule that two ventilating pipes are placed in each tree; the 1/4 leaves are recommended to be reserved for ensuring the survival rate, and branches can be pruned and leaves can be picked; mainly trimming inner bore branches, crossing branches and broken branches, cutting the branches larger than 2cm, and smearing callus ointment;
step two, planting preparation: preparing the magnolia grandiflora by a planting and maintenance system;
a. the soil characteristic requirement is as follows: the method needs soil which is fertile, has good drainage and is slightly acidic, is strictly forbidden to be planted in garbage soil with poor drainage and water accumulation, and has extremely high requirement on the dryness and cleanliness of the soil; strictly controlling the soil quality of the entering field;
b. and (3) carrying out tree pit excavation requirement and treatment: the size of the tree pit is determined to be 20-30cm larger on each side according to the specified diameter of the soil ball, and the depth is 20cm larger than the thickness of the soil ball; the pit excavation is required to be vertically forbidden to be in a pot bottom shape; the impermeable layer is strictly forbidden under the tree pit; the method comprises the following steps that the inside of a street tree pool is required to be excavated to the edge and vertically, so that the earth backfill amount in the pool is increased as much as possible to ensure the growth space of root systems; the thickness of the drainage cushion layer in the rainy area is 10-15 cm;
c. improving backfill soil: the viscous weight of the backfill soil around the soil ball can adopt sand (2: 8), nutrient soil (3: 7) and peat soil (3: 7); mixing uniformly;
step three, planting: scientific planting is carried out on the southern magnolia through a planting and maintenance system;
a. pre-planting treatment and planting: uniformly spraying rooting powder (a sprayer) on the soil balls before field planting; pruning and antiseptic treatment of overlong root systems; the planting depth is 5-10cm higher than the planting surface, and deep planting is forbidden; backfilling the improved soil in the tree pit during planting, and backfilling in layers and tamping each layer to be no more than 30cm in thickness; during planting, the position of the male and female surfaces is noticed;
b. rooting and supporting: after the nursery stock is planted, the nursery stock must be immediately watered with root fixing water for no more than 24 hours, and the nursery stock is thoroughly watered at one time; the water demand is less in winter, and more watering is not needed when 2 times are used; after sufficient water is poured, the water accumulation condition is checked through a vent pipe, and water is pumped and drained according to the result; the center of gravity of the nursery stock is basically located at 1/3, and the supporting point must be located above and below the center of gravity; the depth of the bottom pile into the soil is not less than 30 cm; the thickness of the supporting rod is adapted to the diameter of the breast height of the tree; the street trees need to master the size of an opening angle, the parallel condition with a driving route and the beautiful appearance of a rod body;
step four, protection in winter: protection in winter: the magnolia grandiflora is protected in winter through the planting and maintenance system, and specific protection measures are as follows:
a. and (3) spraying an antifreezing agent: according to the weather conditions, before the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the magnolia grandiflora is sprayed with the antifreezing agent once in 15 days, leaves are mainly sprayed, and the antifreezing agent can quickly form a layer of protective film on the surfaces of plant leaves, so that the attack of cold flow and monsoon wind is blocked, the freezing resistance of the plant is improved, and the damage of branches and leaves caused by wind erosion is reduced. Specially-assigned people are assigned to the project department to master weather changes in time and spray the weather changes before cold flows and monsoon seasons so as to improve the emergency frost resistance of plants;
b. packaging the trunk: when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, wrapping the magnolia grandiflora trunks;
c. and (3) irrigating with antifreezing water: the tree tray is irrigated with enough anti-freezing water, and the base of the tree is covered with a film to be earthed after irrigation, so that the water needed by the tree body is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved. The time for watering the frozen water of the southern magnolia is based on the fact that the ground water begins to freeze, namely 'freezing at night and thawing in the daytime';
d. film coating and heat preservation: adopting a mulching film method for heat preservation (2-3 cm of soil is pressed on the mulching film), and covering 5-10cm of straw or wheat straw below the mulching film;
e. and (3) erecting a windproof barrier: according to the weather forecast, the instant temperature is lower than-10 ℃, the windbreak can be adopted to relieve the damage of trees caused by the attack of cold and dry strong wind, the windbreak can be erected in the windward direction of the trees, the windbreak is mainly caused by the wind in the west and the north in winter, and the windbreak is arranged in the northwest direction and slightly inclines to the northwest.
The specific working method of the trunk package is as follows: the trunk is wrapped in a winding mode by two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth, the cold-proof cloth is tied by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the trunk, the trunk is wound by a plastic film after the cold-proof cloth is wrapped, the wrapping is performed from bottom to top, and the cold-proof cloth is tightly wound by adhesive tapes in a segmenting mode.
The planting and maintenance system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module, a task assignment module, a positioning module, a database and a server;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring magnolia grandiflora seedling information, planting information and protection information and sending the information to the server; the database is used for storing collected data and preset data; the positioning module is used for positioning a nursery stock producing area, a planting position and a protection personnel position and sending the nursery stock producing area, the planting position and the protection personnel position to the server;
the data analysis is used for analyzing the nursery stock information, the planting information and the protection information of the southern magnolia, and the specific analysis process is as follows:
s1: acquiring the geographical positions of a nursery stock producing area and a planting area of the southern magnolia by using a positioning module, respectively marking the geographical positions as (Xc, Xc), (Xz, Xz), establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system, calculating a distance J between the two areas by using a formula, judging that the nursery stock of the southern magnolia is unqualified when the distance J exceeds a distance threshold value, and otherwise entering the next step;
s2: collecting a nursery stock producing area, carrying out a sand content test, further obtaining the sand content Hs of the nursery stock producing area, obtaining the diameter Zj and the thickness Hd of a magnolia grandiflora nursery stock soil ball, obtaining the trunk breast diameter Xj, the crown width Gf and the branch point Fz of the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock, obtaining the length Cd, the pipe orifice diameter Gz and the inclination angle Qx of a vent pipe, entering the next step if the Cd-Hd is more than or equal to 20cm and less than or equal to 30cm, the Gz is Xj, and the Qx is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, otherwise, judging that the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock is unqualified;
s3: the qualified value Hg of the Magnolia grandiflora seedling is calculated by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
s4: when the qualified value Hg1 exceeds a preset qualified threshold value, adopting the Magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and entering the next step;
s5: obtaining the diameter Szj and the depth Ssd of the planted tree pit, if the diameter is more than or equal to Szj-Zj and more than or equal to 20cm, the diameter is more than or equal to 30cm and more than or equal to Cd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, and the diameter is more than or equal to Ssd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, judging that the planted tree pit is qualified, otherwise, judging that the planted;
s6: obtaining a planting field of magnolia grandiflora, respectively obtaining soil humidity Ts, soil porosity Tk, soil temperature Tw, soil organic matter content Ty, soil pH Tsj and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content Tlj of the planting field, calculating fertility Fw of the soil, and entering the next step when the fertility reaches a preset fertility threshold;
s7: after the magnolia grandiflora seedlings are planted, obtaining the planting depth Zs of the magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and if the Zs is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 10cm, initially planting the magnolia grandiflora seedlings to be qualified;
s8: acquiring the air temperature value of the southern magnolia in the future 15 days after planting in real time, and marking the air temperature value as Wi, i is 1, … … and 15;
s81: calculating to obtain an average gas temperature value Wp in the future 15 days by using a summation formula;
s82: if the average air temperature value Wp is less than or equal to 5 ℃, generating a cold-proof signal and sending the cold-proof signal to a server;
s83: if the average air temperature value Wp is more than 5 ℃, no cold-proof signal is generated;
s84: traversing the air temperature values of the next 15 days, and if the air temperature value of any one day of the next 15 days is lower than minus ten ℃, generating an anti-freezing and windproof signal and sending the anti-freezing and windproof signal to the server;
s85: if the temperature value of 15 days in the future is higher than minus ten ℃, an anti-freezing and windproof signal is not generated;
s9: feeding back nursery stock information, planting information and protection information of southern magnolia to a server;
the task assignment module is used for task allocation of winter protection measures, and the specific allocation process is as follows:
SS 1: acquiring garden workers in an idle state, classifying the garden workers in the idle state as a candidate, and marking the candidate as o, wherein o is 1, … … and n;
SS 2: obtaining the total protection amount Fzo and the survival protection amount Fco of magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the protection survival rate Fo of the person to be selected to be Fco/Fzo;
SS 3: acquiring the current protection task amount of a person to be selected, marking the current protection task amount as Fro, acquiring the protection efficiency of the person to be selected, and marking the protection efficiency as Fxo;
SS 4: obtaining the protection time length of all magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the average protection time length Fpto of the person to be selected by using a summation and averaging formula;
SS 5: and (3) calculating to obtain a protection recommended value Ftj of the person to be selected by using a formula, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
SS 6: acquiring people to be selected with the protection recommended value of three, classifying the people to be selected into preselected people Yu, wherein u is 1, 2 and 3, and acquiring the protection recommended value Ftju, the working time Etu and the protection price Priu of the preselected people Yu;
SS 7: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the magnolia grandiflora planting field as an origin, and calculating the distance Disu between the person to be selected and the magnolia grandiflora by using a distance formula between two points;
SS 8: and calculating to obtain a protection value M by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
SS 9: and acquiring the candidate with the largest protection value, classifying the candidate as a protection assignor, and increasing the protection amount of the protection assignor once.
The planting and maintaining system further comprises a generating and printing module and a display module, wherein the generating and printing module is used for generating a data analysis result and a task assignment result and then printing the data analysis result and the task assignment result at a specified position; the display module is used for displaying data analysis results and task assignment results.
The above formulas are all quantitative calculation, the formula is a formula obtained by acquiring a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the latest real situation, and the preset parameters in the formula are set by the technical personnel in the field according to the actual situation.
A southern magnolia winter planting and maintenance method, while working, carry on the strict control on the nursery stock source of southern magnolia at first, choose the distance to not exceed 2 latitudes in principle, prune 50% to the nursery stock ground thus reduce the transpiration amount of the nursery stock; the sand content of the soil balls of the seedlings is less, the enlarged soil balls are 1/5-1/6 times larger than normal soil balls in winter, the tarpaulin needs to be covered during transportation, the root systems of the soil balls are effectively protected, and therefore the soil balls of the southern magnolia are not easy to scatter during transportation; marking the sunny side, reasonably arranging the arrival time of the nursery stock, and avoiding the nursery stock from being dehydrated and dead due to long-time transportation; placing the ventilation pipes and pruning the seedlings to ensure the original crown width, sparse inside and dense outside; the callus cream is smeared during pruning, so that the nursery stock can be quickly healed; during field planting, the rooting powder is uniformly sprayed on the soil balls before field planting, overlong root systems are trimmed and subjected to antiseptic treatment, the planting depth is 5-10cm higher than the planting surface, deep planting is strictly forbidden, and the root of the magnolia grandiflora seedling is effectively prevented from rotting; when planting, backfilling the improved soil in the tree pit, backfilling in layers, tamping in layers to ensure that the thickness of each layer is not more than 30cm, immediately irrigating the seedlings for no more than 24 hours after planting, thoroughly irrigating at one time, requiring less water in winter, generally needing 2 times to avoid excessive irrigation, detecting the water accumulation condition through a vent pipe after sufficient water irrigation, draining water according to the result, strictly controlling the water irrigation amount, and improving the survival rate of the magnolia grandiflora seedlings; the gravity center of the nursery stock is basically located at 1/3 of the tree body, the supporting point must be located above and below the gravity center, the depth of the bottom pile into the soil is not less than 30cm, the thickness of the supporting rod is adapted to the breast diameter of the tree, lodging of magnolia grandiflora nursery stock is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the street tree needs to pay attention to the size of the opening angle, the parallel condition of the driving route and the attractiveness of the rod body;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out winter protection on magnolia grandiflora in winter, spraying an antifreezing agent on the magnolia grandiflora once every 15 days before the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃ according to weather conditions, mainly spraying leaves, wherein the antifreezing agent can quickly form a layer of protective film on the surfaces of plant leaves to block attack of cold currents and monsoon, improving the frost resistance of the plants, and reducing branch and leaf damage caused by wind erosion; when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the southern magnolia trunk is wrapped, two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth are used for wrapping the trunk in a winding mode and are fastened by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the trunk until wrapping to a secondary branch point of the trunk, after the wrapping is finished, the trunk is wound by a plastic film from bottom to top, and the adhesive tape is used for winding tightly in sections, so that the cold-proof capability of the trunk is improved; the tree tray is fully irrigated with anti-freezing water, the base of the tree is covered with a film for hilling after irrigation, the time for irrigating the freezing water by southern magnolia is based on the fact that ground water begins to freeze, namely, 'freezing at night and thawing at daytime', the film covering method is adopted for heat preservation, and straw or wheat straw with the length of 5-10cm is covered under the film, so that the water needed by the tree body is ensured, and the cold resistance is improved; according to the weather forecast, the immediate temperature is lower than-10 ℃, the wind barrier can be erected in the windward direction of the trees for reducing the damage to the trees caused by the cold and dry strong wind, the wind barrier is mainly arranged in the northwest direction in winter, the wind barrier is arranged in the northwest direction and slightly inclines to the northwest direction, and the cold-proof and anti-freezing wind resisting capability of the southern magnolia is further improved.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting nursery stocks: selecting magnolia grandiflora seedlings through a planting and maintenance system;
a. and (3) seedling source: in principle not exceeding 2 latitudes; the nursery stock land is suitable for carrying soil balls, the sand content is low, and the soil quality is good and the soil balls are not scattered;
b. the nursery stock source area treatment and transportation requirements are as follows: the soil balls are increased in winter and are 1/5-1/6 times larger than normal soil balls; pruning the nursery stock land by 50% to reduce transpiration; marking the yin and yang surfaces; the tarpaulin must be covered for transportation; protecting the root system of the soil ball; scheduling the arrival time;
c. inspecting incoming quality of nursery stocks: checking and accepting the size of the soil balls, branch points, crown sizes, the freshness of the seedlings, the integrity of the soil balls, the soil quality of the soil balls, quarantine certificates and invoice bills;
d. placing a ventilation pipe and pruning the nursery stock: the placing length of the vent pipe exceeds the thickness of the soil ball by 20-30cm, and the diameter of the opening of the vent pipe is adapted to the breast diameter of the tree; drilling holes 20-30cm at the bottom of the ventilation pipe, controlling the diameter of the holes to be 0.5-1cm, controlling the distance to be 3-4cm, and protecting the outer layer by adopting a green net; the inclination angle of the ventilating pipes is preferably 45-70 degrees, and the planting surface is exposed by 15cm according to the rule that two ventilating pipes are placed in each tree; pruning branches and picking leaves, reserving 1/4 leaves, pruning inner bore branches, crossing branches and broken branches, and cutting more than 2cm to coat callus;
step two, planting preparation: preparing the magnolia grandiflora by a planting and maintenance system;
a. the soil characteristic requirement is as follows: the method needs soil which is fertile, has good drainage and is slightly acidic, is strictly forbidden to be planted in garbage soil with poor drainage and water accumulation, and has extremely high requirement on the dryness and cleanliness of the soil; strictly controlling the soil quality of the entering field;
b. and (3) carrying out tree pit excavation requirement and treatment: the size of the tree pit is determined to be 20-30cm larger on each side according to the specified diameter of the soil ball, and the depth is 20cm larger than the thickness of the soil ball; the pit excavation is required to be vertically forbidden to be in a pot bottom shape; the impermeable layer is strictly forbidden under the tree pit; the inside of the street tree pool is required to be excavated to be vertical to the edge and the earth backfilling amount in the pool is increased to ensure the growth space of the root system; the thickness of the drainage cushion layer in the rain-rich area is 10-15 cm;
c. improving backfill soil: the backfill soil around the soil ball is mixed evenly with 2-8 parts of doped sand, 3-7 parts of nutrient soil and 3-7 parts of peat soil;
step three, planting: scientific planting is carried out on the southern magnolia through a planting and maintenance system;
a. pre-planting treatment and planting: uniformly spraying rooting powder on the soil balls before field planting; pruning and antiseptic treatment of overlong root systems; the planting depth is 5-10cm higher than the planting surface, and deep planting is forbidden; backfilling the improved soil in the tree pit during planting, and backfilling in layers and tamping each layer to be no more than 30cm in thickness; during planting, the position of the male and female surfaces is noticed;
b. rooting and supporting: after the nursery stock is planted, the nursery stock must be immediately watered with root fixing water for no more than 24 hours, and the nursery stock is thoroughly watered at one time; the water demand is less in winter, and more watering is not needed when 2 times are used; after sufficient water is poured, the water accumulation condition is checked through a vent pipe, and water is pumped and drained according to the result; the center of gravity of the nursery stock is basically located at 1/3, and the supporting point must be located above and below the center of gravity; the depth of the bottom pile into the soil is not less than 30 cm; the thickness of the supporting rod is adapted to the diameter of the breast height of the tree; the street trees need to master the size of an opening angle, the parallel condition of a driving route and the attractiveness of a rod body;
step four, protection in winter: the magnolia grandiflora is protected in winter through the planting and maintenance system, and specific protection measures are as follows:
a. and (3) spraying an antifreezing agent: according to the weather condition, before the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the magnolia grandiflora is sprayed with an antifreezing agent once in 15 days, and the leaves are mainly sprayed; appointing a specially-assigned person to timely master weather changes and spraying the special-assigned person before cold flow and monsoon comes;
b. packaging the trunk: when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, wrapping the magnolia grandiflora trunks;
c. and (3) irrigating with antifreezing water: the tree tray is irrigated with enough anti-freezing water, the base part of the tree is covered with a film for hilling after irrigation, the time for irrigating the freezing water of southern magnolia is based on the fact that ground water begins to freeze, the water freezes at night and the water freezes in the daytime;
d. film coating and heat preservation: adopting a mulching film method for heat preservation, and covering 5-10cm of straws or wheat straws below a film;
e. and (3) erecting a windproof barrier: and adopting a windbreak according to the weather forecast that the instant temperature is lower than-10 ℃, building a windbreak in the windward direction of the trees, mainly treating the north wind in the west, and arranging the windbreak in the northwest direction and slightly inclining to the northwest.
2. The method for planting and maintaining southern magnolia in winter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific working method of the trunk package is as follows: the trunk is wrapped in a winding mode by two layers of thickened breathable cold-proof cloth, the cold-proof cloth is tied by a nylon rope, the cold-proof cloth is wound from the bottom of the trunk until reaching a secondary branch point of the trunk, the trunk is wound by a plastic film after the cold-proof cloth is wrapped, the wrapping is performed from bottom to top, and the cold-proof cloth is tightly wound by adhesive tapes in a segmenting mode.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting and maintaining system comprises a data collecting module, a data analyzing module, a task assigning module, a positioning module, a database and a server;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring magnolia grandiflora seedling information, planting information and protection information and sending the information to the server; the database is used for storing collected data and preset data; the positioning module is used for positioning a nursery stock producing area, a planting position and a protection personnel position and sending the nursery stock producing area, the planting position and the protection personnel position to the server;
the data analysis is used for analyzing the nursery stock information, the planting information and the protection information of the southern magnolia, and the specific analysis process is as follows:
s1: acquiring the geographical positions of a nursery stock producing area and a planting area of the southern magnolia by using a positioning module, respectively marking the geographical positions as (Xc, Xc), (Xz, Xz), establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system, calculating a distance J between the two areas by using a formula, judging that the nursery stock of the southern magnolia is unqualified when the distance J exceeds a distance threshold value, and otherwise entering the next step;
s2: collecting a nursery stock producing area, carrying out a sand content test, further obtaining the sand content Hs of the nursery stock producing area, obtaining the diameter Zj and the thickness Hd of a magnolia grandiflora nursery stock soil ball, obtaining the trunk breast diameter Xj, the crown width Gf and the branch point Fz of the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock, obtaining the length Cd, the pipe orifice diameter Gz and the inclination angle Qx of a vent pipe, entering the next step if the Cd-Hd is more than or equal to 20cm and less than or equal to 30cm, the Gz is Xj, and the Qx is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, otherwise, judging that the magnolia grandiflora nursery stock is unqualified;
s3: the qualified value Hg of the Magnolia grandiflora seedling is calculated by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
s4: when the qualified value Hg1 exceeds a preset qualified threshold value, adopting the Magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and entering the next step;
s5: obtaining the diameter Szj and the depth Ssd of the planted tree pit, if the diameter is more than or equal to Szj-Zj and more than or equal to 20cm, the diameter is more than or equal to 30cm and more than or equal to Cd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, and the diameter is more than or equal to Ssd-Hd and more than or equal to 20cm, judging that the planted tree pit is qualified, otherwise, judging that the planted;
s6: obtaining a planting field of magnolia grandiflora, respectively obtaining soil humidity Ts, soil porosity Tk, soil temperature Tw, soil organic matter content Ty, soil pH Tsj and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content Tlj of the planting field, calculating fertility Fw of the soil, and entering the next step when the fertility reaches a preset fertility threshold;
s7: after the magnolia grandiflora seedlings are planted, obtaining the planting depth Zs of the magnolia grandiflora seedlings, and if the Zs is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 10cm, initially planting the magnolia grandiflora seedlings to be qualified;
s8: acquiring the air temperature value of the southern magnolia in the future 15 days after planting in real time, and marking the air temperature value as Wi, i is 1, … … and 15;
s81: calculating to obtain an average gas temperature value Wp in the future 15 days by using a summation formula;
s82: if the average air temperature value Wp is less than or equal to 5 ℃, generating a cold-proof signal and sending the cold-proof signal to a server;
s83: if the average air temperature value Wp is more than 5 ℃, no cold-proof signal is generated;
s84: traversing the air temperature values of the next 15 days, and if the air temperature value of any one day of the next 15 days is lower than minus ten ℃, generating an anti-freezing and windproof signal and sending the anti-freezing and windproof signal to the server;
s85: if the temperature value of 15 days in the future is higher than minus ten ℃, an anti-freezing and windproof signal is not generated;
s9: feeding back nursery stock information, planting information and protection information of southern magnolia to a server;
the task assignment module is used for task allocation of winter protection measures, and the specific allocation process is as follows:
SS 1: acquiring garden workers in an idle state, classifying the garden workers in the idle state as a candidate, and marking the candidate as o, wherein o is 1, … … and n;
SS 2: obtaining the total protection amount Fzo and the survival protection amount Fco of magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the protection survival rate Fo of the person to be selected to be Fco/Fzo;
SS 3: acquiring the current protection task amount of a person to be selected, marking the current protection task amount as Fro, acquiring the protection efficiency of the person to be selected, and marking the protection efficiency as Fxo;
SS 4: obtaining the protection time length of all magnolia grandiflora of the person to be selected, and calculating the average protection time length Fpto of the person to be selected by using a summation and averaging formula;
SS 5: and (3) calculating to obtain a protection recommended value Ftj of the person to be selected by using a formula, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
SS 6: acquiring people to be selected with the protection recommended value of three, classifying the people to be selected into preselected people Yu, wherein u is 1, 2 and 3, and acquiring the protection recommended value Ftju, the working time Etu and the protection price Priu of the preselected people Yu;
SS 7: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the magnolia grandiflora planting field as an origin, and calculating the distance Disu between the person to be selected and the magnolia grandiflora by using a distance formula between two points;
SS 8: and calculating to obtain a protection value M by using a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
SS 9: and acquiring the candidate with the largest protection value, classifying the candidate as a protection assignor, and increasing the protection amount of the protection assignor once.
4. The magnolia grandiflora winter planting and maintaining method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planting and maintaining system further comprises a generating and printing module and a display module, wherein the generating and printing module is used for generating the data analysis result and the task assignment result and then printing the data analysis result and the task assignment result at a designated position; the display module is used for displaying data analysis results and task assignment results.
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