CN111802537A - 一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁及其制备方法，本发明的蓝莓果汁由以下按照重量份的原料组成：蓝莓冻干粉、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇、稳定剂、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸以及少量天然香精，其余为水混合而得。所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶、海藻酸钠中的一种以上。其中蓝莓冻干粉采用北美优质蓝莓冻干后研磨的方式制备而得，极大地保留了蓝莓本身的营养价值；采用无蔗糖配方，迎合大众追求健康的生活理念。该蓝莓保健果汁属于保健食品领域，符合相关食品法规要求，尤其适合处于生长发育期的儿童和老年人食用，具有增骨和预防骨质流失的保健功效，其次该果汁采用凝胶稳定剂，稳定性好，口感佳，老少皆宜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域，特别是涉及一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁及其制备方法。
背景技术
骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨骼疾病，常伴有骨量减少和骨组织微结构恶化，可导致骨脆性增强，从而增加骨折风险。常见于绝经后妇女和老年人，威胁人们的健康，各种骨骼问题一般出现于中老年人，要避免各种骨骼问题，除了中老年人需要及时摄入骨保健作用的营养品，在孩童时期也应进行有效的骨密度储备，可以有效的预防骨质疏松，关节炎等疾病，保证儿童的健康成长，由上述可知骨质疏松的预防、增骨作用和骨保护作用及相关产品的研究和开发具有重要意义。
蓝莓果实中含有大量类黄酮、花青素、酚酸等生物活性物质，以及氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪、食用纤维、维生素、矿物质等营养物质，具有延缓神经衰老、改善认知功能，保护心血管系统，保护肝脏，防癌、抗癌，抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒的作用。此外，最新的研究表明，蓝莓中大量的酚酸具有骨保护和骨促进作用，增加峰值骨量，有效预防骨质流失，延缓骨质疏松等退行性骨病，对于治疗和预防骨质疏松有显著的疗效。
虽然蓝莓营养丰富，有多种保健功能，但是蓝莓鲜果运输、保存，以及营养成分随着保存时间的延长会大量流失，因此开发出具有功能性保健作用的各类保健食品可以满足人们对蓝莓的需求，果汁是一种合适的产品类型，饮料市场广阔，品种丰富，且市场流向正朝着营养保健方向发展，主要类型有果酱型、果汁型、果粒型等不同系列的饮料，其中蓝莓相关饮料以蓝莓浓缩汁、调配饮料为主。果汁口感清爽，十分契合消费者的喜好度，在果汁中适当添加营养性成分或疗效性药物成分可以制备成保健果汁，是现代饮料开发的主流，市场上现有的果汁品种主要以休闲饮料为主，功能性保健作用的果汁主要有各种蔬菜水果果蔬汁、维生素饮料、中药成分饮料等。目前市场上果汁类饮料都含有大量蔗糖，随着人们生活理念和消费观念的升级，人们的膳食结构向着低热量、低脂肪、低糖转变，饮料行业正朝着“健康、天然、营养”的方向发展，尤其是对“轻饮料”食品的追求，无糖饮品应运而生，其理念是营养保健、对身体无负担。无糖果汁是指不含蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖等，但是含有糖醇等替代品的果汁类饮品，目前综合各种文献研究来看，相对安全，不会对人体产生远期不利影响的代糖有：赤藻糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、山梨醇、甘露醇等。所以在制造果汁饮料时，添加糖醇代替砂糖，更加符合健康理念，特别适合高血压、血脂、血糖，及糖尿病等患者饮用，还非常适合减肥人群、儿童和老年群体，适用人群广泛。
关于增骨类作用的保健品，目前市场上主要以钙补充剂为主，剂型主要以片剂、胶囊为主，没有以蓝莓酚酸作为功效成分的产品，市场上蓝莓保健品功能性宣传主要以缓解视疲劳、抗氧化、改善皮肤水份、增强免疫力、补充维生素为主。因此作为一款主打增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁产品，具有极大的创新性，且无需担心糖分摄入过多对身体造成的负担，更容易被消费者接受，说明本发明具有广阔的市场前景和商业价值。
专利2017110566442公开了一种蓝莓果汁饮料，其着重介绍了由蓝莓果浆、蓝靛果、龙眼葡萄、枸杞、椴树蜜、白砂糖和山泉水制备而成蓝莓果汁饮料，然而其采用蓝莓鲜果为原材料，通过直接均质的方式制备果酱，再与糖浆进行混合，蓝莓果酱中的花青素等营养物质容易被氧化、分解，无相应的含量测定实验来验证营养成分的保留度，制作时间过长，提取工艺复杂，且功能性成分作用不明，无体现产品的具体价值。
专利2015105901225公开了一种高浓度蓝莓果汁饮品，其着重介绍了由蓝莓原汁、结晶果糖、海藻糖、果胶、水制备而成的蓝莓果汁。然而其采用蓝莓鲜果为原材料，制作时间过长，提取工艺复杂，且功能性成分作用不明，无体现产品的具体价值，功能性成分含量不明，无法确定加工而成的果汁中蓝莓营养成分的含量，且糖分含量高，对于老年群体有一定局限性。
发明内容
为了克服现有配方和技术的不足：
本发明的第一个目的是迎合大众追求健康生活的理念，根据高血压、血脂、血糖，及糖尿病等患者以及减肥人群、儿童和老年群体等对糖摄入有限制的情况，用木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇代替蔗糖，制备了一种无蔗糖蓝莓果汁。
本发明的第二个目的是为更好得体现功能性组分蓝莓酚酸增骨和预防骨质流失的保健功效，使用北美蓝莓作为原材料，北美蓝莓营养成分比如多酚、花青素含量较高，而且其采用现代食品冻干技术冻干后研磨的方式制备得到稳定性强的蓝莓粉，保留了蓝莓本身的风味以及营养价值，更有利于蓝莓发挥骨保健的功效。
本发明的第三个目的是为了提供该蓝莓果汁的制备工艺和灭菌方法，花青素、酚酸等生物活性物质，在高温下容易降解，本发明着重优化了制备工艺和灭菌方法，工艺流程中有效避免了高温对蓝莓粉的影响，灭菌采用超高压灭菌，低温操作，可以有效减少有效成分的损耗。
实现本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案实现：
一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，所述蓝莓果汁的主要原料及配比如下：蓝莓冻干粉4-6％、木糖醇1-3％、麦芽糖醇4-6％、赤藓糖醇1-2％、稳定剂0.15-0.25％、柠檬酸0.1-0.2％、抗坏血酸0.03-0.04％以及天然香精0.1-0.2％，其余为水混合而得。所述稳定剂为羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶、海藻酸钠中的一种以上。
更优选地，所述蓝莓果汁的主要原料及配比如下：蓝莓冻干粉5％、木糖醇2％、麦芽糖醇6％、赤藓糖醇1.5％、稳定剂0.2％、柠檬酸0.1％、抗坏血酸0.03％、以及天然香精0.1％，其余为水混合而得。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁的工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)溶胶：先将稳定剂加水充分溶胀后，搅拌均匀，备用；
(2)溶解甜味剂：取木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇加水溶解，备用；
(3)溶解柠檬酸：柠檬酸，加水溶解，备用；
(4)溶解蓝莓粉：蓝莓粉冻干粉，加水搅拌溶解，备用；
(5)均质：将溶解好的胶溶液、糖溶液混合均匀，加入蓝莓粉溶液，继续搅拌，加入柠檬酸液，加入香精，混合均匀。
(6)杀菌：超高压灭菌；
作为优选，步骤(6)中，超高压灭菌的压力为500MPa，时间为25min。
相比现有配方和技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁通过添加稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶、海藻酸钠中的一种以上，使果汁的稳定性更好，沉淀少，口感柔和；采用北美优质蓝莓，花青素及酚酸等含量高；采用无蔗糖配方，用木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇代替蔗糖不仅有效规避了过多蔗糖摄入对人体造成的不良影响，迎合大众追求健康的生活理念，而且糖醇的加入使果汁有一定粘稠度，且糖醇具有难发酵性，口感更加丰满润滑，加入酸调节剂、香精调节口味，适合的人群更加广泛，高血压、血脂、血糖，及糖尿病等患者也可放心饮用，其中麦芽糖醇的甜度为蔗糖的85％-95％，耐热性、耐酸性、保湿性、和非发酵性、在体内几乎不分解，热值仅为蔗糖的5％，不会使血糖升高，非常适合肥胖人群、老年群体以及追求健康的广大消费群体，对于儿童，也可有效预防龋齿，是良好的健康饮品。工艺上采用低温操作以及超高压灭菌方式，有效减少蓝莓功效成分的损耗，通过大量的配方筛选和工艺改进，制备出的蓝莓果汁分散性佳，易于吸收，有效成分含量高，稳定性佳，质量稳定，口感润滑，甜度适中，储存方便，营养价值丰富，发挥蓝莓的骨保健功效，适合各年龄段人群食用，总之填补了骨保健饮品的市场空白，在保健疗效和产品品质上有极大的优势。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述：
以下实施例所用的蓝莓粉的制备方法如下：
1)取新鲜的蓝莓，除去变质腐烂、霉斑、病斑、未成熟、过熟浆果，清洗干净；
2)预冻：将上述浆果进行预冻，温度-20℃，时间为24h；
3)冻干：真空冻干温度为-40℃，真空度：0.025MPa，时间72h；
4)粉碎：将冻干的蓝莓粉碎成粉末，即得蓝莓粉。
实施例1：
一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其原料组成按质量百分比的含量为：蓝莓冻干粉5g、木糖醇2g、麦芽糖醇6g、赤藓糖醇1.5g、果胶0.05g、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1g、海藻酸钠0.05g、柠檬酸0.1g、抗坏血酸0.03g以及天然香精0.1g，其余为水(补足至100g)。
所述的一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)溶胶：先将稳定剂加水充分后溶胀，搅拌均匀，备用；
(2)溶解甜味剂：取木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇加水溶解，备用；
(3)溶解柠檬酸：柠檬酸，加水溶解，备用；
(4)溶解蓝莓粉：蓝莓粉冻干粉，加水搅拌溶解，备用；
(5)均质：将溶解好的胶溶液、糖溶液混合均匀，加入蓝莓粉溶液，继续搅拌，加入柠檬酸液，加入香精，混合均匀。
(6)杀菌：超高压灭菌，压力为500MPa，时间为25min。
实施例2：
一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其原料组成按质量百分比的含量为：蓝莓冻干粉5g、木糖醇2g、麦芽糖醇6g、赤藓糖醇1.5g、黄原胶0.05g、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1g、刺槐豆胶0.05g、柠檬酸0.1g、抗坏血酸0.03g以及香精0.1g，其余为水(补足至100g)。
所述的一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)溶胶：先将稳定剂加水充分后溶胀，搅拌均匀，备用；
(2)溶解甜味剂：取木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇加水溶解，备用；
(3)溶解柠檬酸：柠檬酸，加水溶解，备用；
(4)溶解蓝莓粉：蓝莓粉冻干粉，加水搅拌溶解，备用；
(5)均质：将溶解好的胶溶液、糖溶液混合均匀，加入蓝莓粉溶液，继续搅拌，加入柠檬酸液，加入香精，混合均匀。
(6)杀菌：超高压灭菌，压力为500MPa，时间为25min。
效果评价：
试用品采用实施例1和实施例2中的配方和工艺制备而成的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁；试用对象涉及各个年龄阶段：儿童20名，男女参半；老年群体20名，男女参半；肥胖人群20名，男女参半。
受试者主要评价受试品的口感、甜度、香味、视觉感受。
表1无蔗糖蓝莓果汁品质评价结果
| 满意度(％) | 口感 | 甜度 | 香味 | 视觉感受 |
| 儿童 | 95 | 95 | 100 | 90 |
| 老年群体 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 95 |
| 肥胖人群 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 95 |
其中达95％的人群对受试品的口感和甜度表示满意，90％的人群对香味表示接受，90％的人群对果汁的色泽表示接受。由结果得出，本发明的一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁在口感、甜度、香味、视觉感受上符合大部分消费群体的要求，满意度高。
花色苷是存在于植物中的水溶性色素，蓝莓花色苷含量高，具有抗氧化、消除自由基、抗肿瘤等多种保健功能；酚酸是植物次级代谢产物，也是蓝莓中的主要多酚物质，蓝莓酚酸种类繁多，含量最高的是绿原酸，具有超强的抗氧化活性，且最新研究证明蓝莓酚酸具有良好的骨保健功效。因此将总花色苷和绿原酸作为有效成分含量检测指标，用HPLC法进行花色苷和绿原酸的含量测定。
试用品采用实施例1和实施例2中的配方和工艺制备而成的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，进行蓝莓有效成分的含量测定，经测试，同等浓度蓝莓冻干粉原液中代表性有效成分的含量和本发明制备得到蓝莓果汁成品中有效成分的含量(以单位用量蓝莓冻果计，以下同)如表2所示：
表2同等浓度蓝莓冻干粉原液和无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品中蓝莓有效成分的含量对比
| 样品 | 花色苷mg/g蓝莓 | 绿原酸mg/g蓝莓 |
| 北美蓝莓冻干粉 | 30.64 | 4.98 |
| 国产蓝莓冻干粉 | 25.47 | 3.97 |
| 实施例1无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品 | 30.14 | 4.88 |
| 实施例2无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品 | 30.61 | 4.91 |
由表2可以看出，通过测定花色苷、绿原酸的含量，验证了北美蓝莓中有效成分高于国产蓝莓，以及制备工艺和灭菌方式对蓝莓果汁中营养成分的损耗较小，有效成分保留度高。
稳定性试验：试用品采用实施例1和实施例2中的配方和工艺制备而成的蓝莓果汁，稳定性试验主要考察果汁中不溶性物质的沉淀情况、果汁外观和口感变化，以及考察果汁中蓝莓有效成分的损耗，经测试，蓝莓果汁在长时间室温放置下，外观颜色无明显变化，有极少量沉淀生成，且在常温下放置一周内有效成分含量变化较小，代表性有效成分的含量以及如表1所示：
表3蓝莓果汁稳定试验
由表3可以看出，通过测定花色苷、绿原酸的含量，验证了采用实施例中的配方和工艺制备而成的蓝莓果汁，在一周内有效成分变化较小，稳定性较好。
由上述无蔗糖蓝莓果汁品质评价结果得出，一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁满意度高、品质佳、蓝莓果汁成品有效成分花色苷、绿原酸保留度结果显示功效性成分充足，有利于蓝莓发挥增骨作用的功效，且较长时间下，稳定性较好。
对比例1
实施例1和实施例2制备得到的蓝莓果汁成品与采用专利2015105901225实施例1的方法制备得到的果汁样品，分别测试口感和有效成分含量。
表4果汁品质评价结果
表5蓝莓有效成分含量比较
| 样品 | 花色苷mg/g | 绿原酸mg/g |
| 实施例1无蔗糖蓝莓果汁 | 30.14<sup>a</sup> | 4.88<sup>a</sup> |
| 实施例2无蔗糖蓝莓果汁 | 30.61<sup>a</sup> | 4.91<sup>a</sup> |
| 对比样品 | 21.68<sup>b</sup> | 3.91<sup>b</sup> |
由表4和表5得出，实施例1无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品和实施例2无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品与对比样品在口感测试满意度结果上差异较小，但在蓝莓有效成分含量上具有较大优势，对比样品采用蓝莓冻果为原料，通过解冻、破碎、分离得到蓝莓原汁，再进行果汁的调配，而实施例1和实施例2无蔗糖蓝莓果汁成品采用北美蓝莓冻干粉为原材料，在有效成分和制备工艺上有极大优势。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，原料包括：蓝莓冻干粉4-6％、木糖醇1-3％、麦芽糖醇4-6％、赤藓糖醇1-2％、稳定剂0.15-0.25％、柠檬酸0.1-0.2％、抗坏血酸0.03-0.04％以及天然香精0.1-0.2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，原料包括：蓝莓冻干粉5％、木糖醇2％、麦芽糖醇6％、赤藓糖醇1.5％、稳定剂0.2％、柠檬酸0.1％、抗坏血酸0.03％以及天然香精0.1％。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其特征在于，所述稳定剂采用羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、果胶、海藻酸钠中的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁，其特征在于，所述蓝莓粉为使用北美蓝莓作为原材料，采用冻干后研磨的方式制备稳定性强的蓝莓粉。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一项所述的具有增骨保健作用的无蔗糖蓝莓果汁的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)溶胶：先将稳定剂加水充分后溶胀，搅拌均匀，备用；
(2)溶解甜味剂：取木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇加水溶解，备用；
(3)溶解柠檬酸：柠檬酸，加水溶解，备用；
(4)溶解蓝莓粉：蓝莓粉冻干粉，加水搅拌溶解，备用；
(5)均质：将溶解好的胶溶液、糖溶液混合均匀，加入蓝莓粉溶液，继续搅拌，加入柠檬酸液，加入香精，混合均匀；
(6)杀菌：超高压灭菌。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(6)中，超高压灭菌的压力为400～500MPa，时间为25～30min。
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