CN111789035A - Cow dung recycling treatment method - Google Patents
Cow dung recycling treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789035A CN111789035A CN202010658807.XA CN202010658807A CN111789035A CN 111789035 A CN111789035 A CN 111789035A CN 202010658807 A CN202010658807 A CN 202010658807A CN 111789035 A CN111789035 A CN 111789035A
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000499912 Trichoderma reesei Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine, e.g. from stables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B3/00—Fertilisers based essentially on di-calcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding and fermentation, and particularly discloses a cow dung recycling treatment method, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting cow dung; (2) pretreating cattle manure; (3) fermenting by a fermentation bed; (4) and (5) fermenting the organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the cowshed is divided into the elevated bed and the fermentation bed, and the automatic excrement collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed, so that the labor force can be greatly reduced, and the sewage treatment pressure of a farm is reduced. In the treatment process, the dry and wet separated and aired cow dung is mixed with the sawdust and the rice bran and stacked in a fermentation bed of a cowshed for fermentation, so that padding can be provided for cows, a comfortable environment can be provided, cow hoof diseases and other diseases can be reduced, and the occupation of a fermentation field can be reduced; the padding fermented by the fermentation bed, the sugarcane tips subjected to anaerobic fermentation and the calcium hydrogen phosphate are mixed and fermented, so that the materials are thoroughly decomposed and the nutrients are more balanced, and the padding can be used as a commercial organic fertilizer for cultivating fruits and vegetables, and the resource utilization of cow dung is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding and fermentation, and particularly relates to a cow dung recycling treatment method.
Background
With the increase of the demand of milk products, the raising scale of dairy cows is continuously enlarged. The excretion of cows is very large, and 1 cow can produce about 1.2 to 1.5 square meters of manure per month. Traditional milk cow breeding, milk cow excrement is directly arranged in the cowshed, breeds the bacterium easily, influences the air quality, and the milk cow is very easily infected with diseases, and then influences the quality of milk. Meanwhile, the method also brings huge pollution to the environment and becomes a bottleneck restricting the large-scale development of the dairy cows.
On the other hand, the body weight ratio of the dairy cow is relatively large, and in order to reduce the friction damage of the dairy cow and improve the physical condition of the dairy cow, padding is generally required to be laid in a cowshed, so that a dry and comfortable environment is provided for the dairy cow. The height of the padding layer of the cowshed is generally 25-50cm, and the required padding can be calculated according to the area of the cowshed and the thickness of the required padding in different cowsheds according to the actual conditions of the cowshed. If the treated cow dung can be used as padding, the treatment problem of the cow dung can be solved, and a comfortable environment can be provided for cows. At present, some farmers use cow dung as padding or add fermentation inoculants to ferment the padding, but the breeding beds of the farmers are simple and crude, and the manure of cows cannot be well collected, and the padding is often insufficiently fermented, so that the padding cannot be directly used as commercial organic fertilizer, and the resource utilization of the cow dung cannot be well realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cow dung recycling method, so that the defects that cow dung in the existing farm cannot be effectively treated and cannot be recycled are overcome.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a cow dung recycling treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) collecting cow dung: dividing the cattle shed into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed which are connected, arranging a feeding area at one side of the elevated bed and at the side far away from the fermentation bed, and arranging a cattle manure collecting device below the elevated bed; the cow dung collected by the cow dung collecting device is collected into a collecting pool;
(2) pretreating cattle manure: carrying out dry-wet separation on the collected cow dung through a dry-wet separator, and airing the dung residues obtained by the dry-wet separation until the moisture content is 40% -50%;
(3) fermentation by a fermentation bed: mixing the air-cured feces with sawdust and rice bran, laying the mixture into a fermentation bed to be used as a padding for a cowshed, and spraying a compound fermentation microbial inoculum to naturally ferment the padding in the fermentation bed;
(4) organic fertilizer fermentation: mixing the fermented padding, the anaerobically fermented sugarcane tail tips and calcium hydrophosphate according to the weight ratio of (8-9): (2-5): (1-2) mixing, adding a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum into the mixture, and carrying out mixed aerobic fermentation to finally obtain the organic fertilizer.
The dry and wet separated cow dung, the sawdust and the rice bran are mixed and put into a fermentation bed for fermentation, so that padding can be provided for cows, a comfortable environment is provided, cow hoof diseases are reduced, and the occupied area of fermentation can be reduced. And then, the fermentation padding, the sugarcane tips subjected to anaerobic fermentation and the calcium hydrogen phosphate are mixed and fermented, so that the materials are thoroughly decomposed and the nutrients are more balanced, and the fermentation padding can be used as a commercial organic fertilizer for cultivating fruits and vegetables, and the resource utilization of cow dung is realized.
Preferably, in the step (1), the cow dung collecting device comprises an inclined guide groove arranged below the elevated bed plate, a collecting groove is arranged at the lower end of the guide groove, a guide rail is arranged in the middle of the guide groove, the guide rail extends from the higher end of the guide groove to the lower end of the guide groove, a slider is arranged on the guide rail, two ends of the slider are respectively driven by a traction rope and a motor to slide up and down along the guide rail, two sides of the slider are hinged with a dung scraping plate through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a pull rope and a reset spring, the pull rope is connected with the traction rope at the lower end of the slider, and the rotating shaft can swing relative to the guide rail slider under the traction of the traction rope, so that the dung scraping plate is driven to swing; the collecting tank is connected with the collecting tank through a feces discharge pipe, a backflow port is further formed in the higher end of the collecting tank, a backflow pipe is arranged between the collecting tank and the backflow port of the collecting tank, and the backflow pipe is further connected with the water pump. The invention divides the cowshed into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed, realizes the dry-wet separation, can improve the sanitary environment of the cowshed, enables the dairy cows not to be sick easily, and further improves the quality of milk. Set up automatic excrement and urine collection device in elevated bed below, can reduce the labour widely, need not simultaneously to wash the cowshed with a large amount of water, can save the water resource, alleviate the sewage treatment pressure of plant, not only high efficiency but also environmental protection. The urine clarified by the collecting tank is used for flushing and collecting cow dung, so that the resource can be recycled, and the generation of sewage is reduced.
Preferably, in the step (3), the thickness of the padding is 25-50 cm. Preferably, the thickness of the padding is 35-50 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the compound fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of yeast and 1-2 parts of nitrobacteria, wherein 20-50 g of the composite fermentation bacteria agent is added to each square meter of padding. The microbial inoculum is purchased from the market and then mixed and prepared for use.
Preferably, in the step (3), the weight ratio of the manure residues to the wood chips and the rice bran is (8-9): (1-5): 1-3). Wherein, the comfort level of bedding and padding can be improved to the saw-dust, and the comfort level of bedding and padding can not only be improved to the rice bran, still helps the abundant fermentation of excrement sediment. And cattle manure residues are used as main components of the padding, so that the cost of the padding can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the cattle manure is realized.
Preferably, in the step (3), the natural fermentation process is turned over once every 1 to 3 days. The stack can be turned by adopting a turner, so that the labor force is reduced.
Preferably, in the step (3), a fan is arranged above the fermentation bed. The air circulation is facilitated, the humidity of the padding is controlled, the surface temperature of the padding is reduced, and the living environment of the dairy cows is well regulated.
Preferably, in the step (4), the anaerobic fermentation step of the sugarcane tail tips is as follows: crushing the sugarcane tails into short rods of 0.5-2cm, adding a fermentation aid into the short rods, uniformly stirring, and fermenting in a sealed manner at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 2-5 days to obtain a fermentation product.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculant consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5-1 part of trichoderma reesei, wherein 50-100g of the fermentation aid is added to each ton of sugarcane tails.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mixed fermentation inoculant consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1-2 parts of trichoderma viride; 1-2 parts of aspergillus oryzae; adding 50-100g of the mixed fermentation inoculant into each ton of the mixture; before the mixed fermentation inoculant is added, activation treatment is firstly carried out; controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 55-65% before fermentation. Before fermentation, proper fermentation bacteria agent is weighed, and is sprayed on the mixture after being activated by brown sugar water or molasses and the like. The humidity of the mixed fermentation is higher than that of the fermentation bed during fermentation, which is more beneficial to the full fermentation of the mixture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the dry and wet separated and aired cow dung is mixed with the sawdust and the rice bran and stacked in a fermentation bed of a cowshed for fermentation, so that padding is provided for cows, a comfortable environment is provided, cow hoof diseases and other diseases are reduced, and the occupation of a fermentation field is reduced.
2. According to the method, the sugarcane tail tips produced locally are selected as organic fertilizer fermentation raw materials according to local conditions, the sugarcane tail tips are subjected to anaerobic fermentation and then mixed with the padding fermented by the fermentation bed and the calcium hydrogen phosphate for fermentation, microbial floras in the fermentation raw materials can be improved, comprehensive decomposition and fermentation of the padding are promoted, the quality of commercial organic fertilizers is improved, and the produced organic fertilizers can be directly used for cultivation of fruits and vegetables, so that the resource utilization of cow dung is realized.
3. The invention divides the cowshed into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed, realizes the dry-wet separation, can improve the sanitary environment of the cowshed, enables the dairy cows not to be sick easily, and further improves the quality of milk. Set up automatic excrement and urine collection device in elevated bed below, can reduce the labour widely, need not simultaneously to wash the cowshed with a large amount of water, can save the water resource, alleviate the sewage treatment pressure of plant, not only high efficiency but also environmental protection. In addition, the urine clarified by the collecting tank is used for flushing and collecting cow dung, so that the cyclic utilization of resources can be realized, and the generation of sewage is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the cowshed according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cow dung collecting device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a structure at a in fig. 2.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1. an elevated bed; 2. a fence; 3. a diversion trench; 4. collecting tank; 5. a guide rail; 6. a slider; 7. a hauling rope; 8. a motor; 9. a dung scraping plate; 10. a rotating shaft; 11. pulling a rope; 12. a return spring 13 and a limit stop; 14. a fermentation bed; 15. a manure discharge port; 16. a return port; 17. a feeding area; 18. a water tank; 19. a manure discharge pipe; 20. a collection tank; 21. a return pipe; 22. and (4) a water pump.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1-3, the cowshed comprises an elevated bed 1 and a fermentation bed 14 which are connected, a fence 2 is arranged on the peripheries of the elevated bed 1 and the fermentation bed 14, and a water tank 18 is hung on the outer side of the fence 2. The feeding area 17 is arranged on one side of the elevated bed 1, the feeding area 17 is arranged on one side of the elevated bed 1 of the high-price bed and is the side far away from the fermentation bed 14, and meanwhile, a cow dung collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed 1. Cow dung collection device is including locating the slope form guiding gutter 3 of overhead bed board 1 below, the lower end of guiding gutter 3 is equipped with collecting vat 4, guiding gutter 3 middle part is equipped with guide rail 5, guide rail 5 extends to the lower end of guiding gutter 3 by the higher end of guiding gutter 3, be equipped with slider 6 on the guide rail 5, slider 6 both ends are driven by haulage rope 7 and motor 8 respectively, follow guide rail 5 slides from top to bottom, 6 both sides of slider articulate through pivot 10 and scrape excrement board 9, pivot 10 is connected with stay cord 11 and reset spring 12, stay cord 11 with the haulage rope 7 of the lower end of slider 6 links to each other, pivot 10 is in can be relative under the tractive of haulage rope 7 the 5 slider 6 swings of guide rail, thereby drive scrape the swing of excrement board 9. And the sliding block 6 is also provided with a limit stop 13 for limiting the swing angle of the dung scraping plate 9. In this embodiment, the swing angle of the limit stop 13 is smaller than 90 °. The connection mode of the dung scraping plate 9, the rotating shaft 10 and the sliding block 6 can refer to some structures such as automatic swinging components, torsion bar springs and the like on the market. If the pulling rope 11 is pulled, the dung scraping plate 9 swings from the middle of the sliding block 6 of the guide rail 5 to two sides, and the pulling rope 11 is loosened, so that the dung scraping plate 9 swings to be vertical. Or pulling the pull rope 11, the dung scraping plate 9 swings to the middle from two sides of the sliding block 6 of the guide rail 5, the pull rope 11 is loosened, and the dung scraping plate 9 swings to be horizontal (the dung scraping plate 9 is vertical to the guide rail 5).
Furthermore, the collecting tank 4 is connected with the collecting tank 20 through a feces discharge pipe 19, a backflow port 16 is further arranged at the higher end of the collecting tank 4, a backflow pipe 21 is arranged between the collecting tank and the backflow port 16 of the collecting tank 4, and the backflow pipe 21 is further connected with a water pump 22.
Further, a fan is arranged above the fermentation bed 14. The ventilation of air is facilitated, the humidity of the padding is controlled, and the surface temperature of the padding is reduced.
The cowshed of the embodiment is used for raising cows, and cows reach the feeding area 17 outside the enclosure 2 in the area where the high-price bed 1 is located to eat, and excrete in the high-price bed 1 at the same time. The discharged excrement and urine are discharged into the diversion trench 3 through the excrement discharge leak of the elevated bed plate 1. Because guiding gutter 3 is the slope form, partial excrement and urine can be discharged to collecting vat 4 by oneself under the effect of gravity. At certain intervals, the motor 8 can be started to drive the sliding block 6 to slide along the sliding groove, and excrement is scraped into the collecting tank 4 through the excrement scraping plate 9. When the sliding block 6 slides from the lower end to the upper end, the pull rope 11 is loosened, and the dung scraping plate 9 is drawn close to the sliding rail under the action of the return spring, so that the resistance is reduced; when the sliding block 6 slides from the higher end to the lower end, the pull rope 11 controls the dung scraping plate 9 to horizontally open, and the dung is scraped into the collecting tank 4. And so on. Cow dung and urine that collecting vat 4 of different cowhouses collected pass through excrement discharging pipe 19 and arrange collecting pit 20 in, and collecting pit 20 can set up the two-stage, and the supernatant urine accessible water pump 22 that collecting pit 20 precipitated and back flow 21 are taken back to collecting vat 4 in, wash collecting vat 4 to drive cow dung and urine in the collecting vat 4 and transmit to collecting pit 20. Namely, extra water is not needed for cleaning, and the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
The invention divides the cowshed into the elevated bed 1 and the fermenting bed 14 in the padding area, realizes the dry-wet separation, can improve the sanitary environment of the cowshed, enables the dairy cows not to be sick easily, and further improves the quality of milk. Set up automatic excrement and urine collection device in high price bed 1 below, can reduce the labour widely, need not simultaneously to wash the cowshed with a large amount of water, can save the water resource, alleviate the sewage treatment pressure of plant, not only high-efficient but also environmental protection. The urine clarified by the collecting tank 20 is used for flushing and collecting cow dung, so that the resource recycling can be realized, and the generation of sewage is reduced.
Example 2
A cow dung recycling treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) collecting cow dung: in the embodiment, the cow house in the embodiment 1 is used for feeding cows, namely, the cow house is divided into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed which are connected, a feeding area is arranged at one side of the elevated bed and is far away from the fermentation bed, and a cow dung collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed; cow dung collected by the cow dung collecting device is collected in the collecting tank. That is, the cow dung is collected in the collecting tank by the cow dung collecting device in the embodiment 1 and then is treated in a centralized way.
(2) Pretreating cattle manure: and (3) carrying out dry-wet separation on the collected cow dung through a dry-wet separator, and airing the dung residues obtained through the dry-wet separation until the moisture content is 40% -50%. The manure residues after the dry-wet separation are stacked in an open type airing shed only provided with a ceiling, and the ceiling of the airing shed can be opened, so that the direct solar radiation is facilitated, and the airing efficiency of the manure residues is improved. And the urine after the dry-wet separation partially flows back to the collecting tank through a return pipe for flushing the cow dung, and the part is conveyed to the sedimentation tank for gradual sedimentation and cleaning and then is discharged.
(3) Fermentation by a fermentation bed: mixing the air-cured feces with sawdust and rice bran, laying the mixture into a fermentation bed to be used as a padding for a cowshed, and spraying a compound fermentation microbial inoculum to naturally ferment the padding in the fermentation bed. The thickness of the padding is 25-35 cm. The weight ratio of the manure residues to the wood chips and the rice bran is 8:2: 1. Wherein, the comfort level of bedding and padding can be improved to the saw-dust, and the comfort level of bedding and padding can not only be improved to the rice bran, still helps the abundant fermentation of excrement sediment. And cattle manure residues are used as main components of the padding, so that the cost of the padding can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the cattle manure is realized.
Further, the compound fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of saccharomycete and 2 parts of nitrobacter, wherein 20-30 g of the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is added to each square meter of padding. The microbial inoculum is purchased from the market and then mixed and prepared for use.
The natural fermentation process of the fermentation bed is turned and piled once every 1 to 3 days. And simultaneously, padding and a supplementary microbial inoculum are added in different areas according to the fermentation and use conditions of the padding. Meanwhile, in summer and spring and autumn with higher temperature, the fan is started, so that the ventilation is facilitated, the humidity of the padding is favorably controlled, the surface temperature of the padding is reduced, the living environment of the dairy cows can be improved, and the fermentation of the padding is facilitated.
(4) Organic fertilizer fermentation: mixing the fermented padding, the anaerobically fermented sugarcane tail tips and calcium hydrophosphate according to a weight ratio of 8: 3: 1, mixing, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 55-60%, adding a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum into the mixture for mixed aerobic fermentation, and finally obtaining the organic fertilizer. The mixed fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of trichoderma viride; 1 part of aspergillus oryzae; 50-60g of the mixed fermentation inoculant is added to each ton of the mixture. Before the mixed fermentation inoculum is added, activation treatment is carried out, namely, proper fermentation inoculum is weighed firstly, the activation inoculum such as brown sugar water or molasses is used, and then the inoculum is sprayed on the mixture.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation step of the sugarcane tail tips comprises the following steps: crushing the sugarcane tails into short rods of 0.5-2cm, adding a fermentation aid into the short rods, uniformly stirring, and carrying out sealed fermentation at 30-35 ℃ for 2-3 days to obtain the pretreated sugarcane tail tips. The fermentation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5 part of trichoderma reesei, wherein 100g of the fermentation auxiliary agent is added to each ton of sugarcane tails.
Example 3
A cow dung recycling treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) collecting cow dung: in the embodiment, the cow house in the embodiment 1 is used for feeding cows, namely, the cow house is divided into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed which are connected, a feeding area is arranged at one side of the elevated bed and is far away from the fermentation bed, and a cow dung collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed; cow dung collected by the cow dung collecting device is collected in the collecting tank. That is, the cow dung is collected in the collecting tank by the cow dung collecting device in the embodiment 1 and then is treated in a centralized way.
(2) Pretreating cattle manure: and (3) carrying out dry-wet separation on the collected cow dung through a dry-wet separator, and airing the dung residues obtained through the dry-wet separation until the moisture content is 40% -50%. The manure residues after the dry-wet separation are stacked in an open type airing shed only provided with a ceiling, and the ceiling of the airing shed can be opened, so that the direct solar radiation is facilitated, and the airing efficiency of the manure residues is improved. And the urine after the dry-wet separation partially flows back to the collecting tank through a return pipe for flushing the cow dung, and the part is conveyed to the sedimentation tank for gradual sedimentation and cleaning and then is discharged.
(3) Fermentation by a fermentation bed: mixing the air-cured feces with sawdust and rice bran, laying the mixture into a fermentation bed to be used as a padding for a cowshed, and spraying a compound fermentation microbial inoculum to naturally ferment the padding in the fermentation bed. The thickness of the padding is 35-50 cm. The weight ratio of the manure residues to the wood chips and the rice bran is 9:1: 3. Wherein, the comfort level of bedding and padding can be improved to the saw-dust, and the comfort level of bedding and padding can not only be improved to the rice bran, still helps the abundant fermentation of excrement sediment. And cattle manure residues are used as main components of the padding, so that the cost of the padding can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the cattle manure is realized.
Further, the compound fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomycetes and 1 part of nitrobacteria agent, wherein 50g of the compound fermentation bacteria agent is added to each square meter of padding. The microbial inoculum is purchased from the market and then mixed and prepared for use.
The natural fermentation process of the fermentation bed is turned and piled once every 1 to 3 days. And simultaneously, padding and a supplementary microbial inoculum are added in different areas according to the fermentation and use conditions of the padding. Meanwhile, in summer and spring and autumn with higher temperature, the fan is started, so that the ventilation is facilitated, the humidity of the padding is favorably controlled, the surface temperature of the padding is reduced, the living environment of the dairy cows can be improved, and the fermentation of the padding is facilitated.
(4) Organic fertilizer fermentation: mixing the fermented padding, the anaerobically fermented sugarcane tail tips and calcium hydrophosphate according to a weight ratio of 9: 2: 2, mixing, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 60-65%, adding a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum into the mixture for mixed aerobic fermentation, and finally obtaining the organic fertilizer. The mixed fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1 part of trichoderma viride; 2 parts of aspergillus oryzae; 50g of mixed zymophyte agent is added to each ton of the mixture. Before the mixed fermentation inoculum is added, activation treatment is carried out, namely, proper fermentation inoculum is weighed firstly, the activation inoculum such as brown sugar water or molasses is used, and then the inoculum is sprayed on the mixture.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation step of the sugarcane tail tips comprises the following steps: crushing the sugarcane tails into short rods of 0.5-2cm, adding a fermentation aid into the short rods, uniformly stirring, and carrying out sealed fermentation at 30-35 ℃ for 4 days to obtain the pretreated sugarcane tail tips. The fermentation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of trichoderma reesei, wherein 50g of the fermentation auxiliary agent is added to each ton of sugarcane tails.
Example 4
A cow dung recycling treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) collecting cow dung: in the embodiment, the cow house in the embodiment 1 is used for feeding cows, namely, the cow house is divided into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed which are connected, a feeding area is arranged at one side of the elevated bed and is far away from the fermentation bed, and a cow dung collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed; cow dung collected by the cow dung collecting device is collected in the collecting tank. That is, the cow dung is collected in the collecting tank by the cow dung collecting device in the embodiment 1 and then is treated in a centralized way.
(2) Pretreating cattle manure: and (3) carrying out dry-wet separation on the collected cow dung through a dry-wet separator, and airing the dung residues obtained through the dry-wet separation until the moisture content is 40% -50%. The manure residues after the dry-wet separation are stacked in an open type airing shed only provided with a ceiling, and the ceiling of the airing shed can be opened, so that the direct solar radiation is facilitated, and the airing efficiency of the manure residues is improved. And the urine after the dry-wet separation partially flows back to the collecting tank through a return pipe for flushing the cow dung, and the part is conveyed to the sedimentation tank for gradual sedimentation and cleaning and then is discharged.
(3) Fermentation by a fermentation bed: mixing the air-cured feces with sawdust and rice bran, laying the mixture into a fermentation bed to be used as a padding for a cowshed, and spraying a compound fermentation microbial inoculum to naturally ferment the padding in the fermentation bed. The thickness of the padding is 25-50 cm. The weight ratio of the manure residues to the wood chips and the rice bran is 9:5: 2. Wherein, the comfort level of bedding and padding can be improved to the saw-dust, and the comfort level of bedding and padding can not only be improved to the rice bran, still helps the abundant fermentation of excrement sediment. And cattle manure residues are used as main components of the padding, so that the cost of the padding can be reduced, and the resource utilization of the cattle manure is realized.
Further, the compound fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of saccharomycetes and 1 part of nitrobacteria agent, wherein 30 g of the compound fermentation bacteria agent is added to each square meter of padding. The microbial inoculum is purchased from the market and then mixed and prepared for use.
The natural fermentation process of the fermentation bed is turned and piled once every 1 to 3 days. And simultaneously, padding and a supplementary microbial inoculum are added in different areas according to the fermentation and use conditions of the padding. Meanwhile, in summer and spring and autumn with higher temperature, the fan is started, so that the ventilation is facilitated, the humidity of the padding is favorably controlled, the surface temperature of the padding is reduced, the living environment of the dairy cows can be improved, and the fermentation of the padding is facilitated.
(4) Organic fertilizer fermentation: mixing the fermented padding, the anaerobically fermented sugarcane tail tips and calcium hydrophosphate according to a weight ratio of 8: 3: 2, mixing, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 55-60%, adding a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum into the mixture for mixed aerobic fermentation, and finally obtaining the organic fertilizer. The mixed fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1 part of trichoderma viride; 1 part of aspergillus oryzae; 60g of mixed zymophyte agent is added to each ton of the mixture. Before the mixed fermentation inoculum is added, activation treatment is carried out, namely, proper fermentation inoculum is weighed firstly, the activation inoculum such as brown sugar water or molasses is used, and then the inoculum is sprayed on the mixture.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation step of the sugarcane tail tips comprises the following steps: crushing the sugarcane tails into short rods of 0.5-2cm, adding a fermentation aid into the short rods, uniformly stirring, and carrying out sealed fermentation at 30-35 ℃ for 3-4 days to obtain the pretreated sugarcane tail tips. The fermentation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of trichoderma reesei, and 80g of the fermentation auxiliary agent is added to each ton of sugarcane tails.
Example 4
Guangxi agricultural reclamation Xijiang Dairy Co Ltd began to rebuild a modern breeding cowshed at 2016. the specific structure of the cowshed is shown in example 1. Beginning in 2018, companies respond to government calls for energy conservation and emission reduction, vigorously apply microbial technologies, and finally determine a combined fermentation inoculant through multiple experimental screening, and meanwhile, screening and optimizing fermentation raw material combinations, further optimizing a treatment process of cow dung, and realizing centralized treatment, cleaning and recycling of cow dung and commercial output. The comprehensive utilization rate of the excrement is more than 90 percent, and the water is saved by more than 60 percent. The organic fertilizer is black brown, has the organic matter content of more than 95 percent, can be directly used as a commercial organic fertilizer, and is used for planting fruits and vegetables. The third-party detection shows that the related indexes of the organic fertilizer are as follows.
Organic fertilizer detection report
In conclusion, the cattle shed is divided into the elevated bed and the fermentation bed, and the automatic excrement collecting device is arranged below the elevated bed, so that the labor force can be greatly reduced, and the sewage treatment pressure of a farm is reduced. In the treatment process, the dry and wet separated and aired cow dung is mixed with the sawdust and the rice bran and stacked in a fermentation bed of a cowshed for fermentation, so that padding can be provided for cows, a comfortable environment can be provided, cow hoof diseases and other diseases can be reduced, and the occupation of a fermentation field can be reduced; the padding fermented by the fermentation bed, the sugarcane tips subjected to anaerobic fermentation and the calcium hydrogen phosphate are mixed and fermented, so that the materials are thoroughly decomposed and the nutrients are more balanced, and the padding can be used as a commercial organic fertilizer for cultivating fruits and vegetables, and the resource utilization of cow dung is realized.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A cow dung recycling treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) collecting cow dung: dividing the cattle shed into an elevated bed and a fermentation bed which are connected, arranging a feeding area at one side of the elevated bed and at the side far away from the fermentation bed, and arranging a cattle manure collecting device below the elevated bed; the cow dung collected by the cow dung collecting device is collected into a collecting pool;
(2) pretreating cattle manure: carrying out dry-wet separation on the collected cow dung through a dry-wet separator, and airing the dung residues obtained by the dry-wet separation until the moisture content is 40% -50%;
(3) fermentation by a fermentation bed: mixing the air-cured feces with sawdust and rice bran, laying the mixture into a fermentation bed to be used as a padding for a cowshed, and spraying a compound fermentation microbial inoculum to naturally ferment the padding in the fermentation bed;
(4) organic fertilizer fermentation: mixing the fermented padding, the anaerobically fermented sugarcane tail tips and calcium hydrophosphate according to the weight ratio of (8-9): (2-5): (1-2) mixing, adding a mixed fermentation microbial inoculum into the mixture, and carrying out mixed aerobic fermentation to finally obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the cow dung collecting device includes an inclined guiding gutter disposed below the elevated bed plate, the lower end of the guiding gutter is provided with a collecting groove, the middle part of the guiding gutter is provided with a guide rail, the guide rail extends from the upper end of the guiding gutter to the lower end of the guiding gutter, the guide rail is provided with a slider, two ends of the slider are respectively driven by a traction rope and a motor to slide up and down along the guide rail, two sides of the slider are hinged with a dung scraping plate through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with a pull rope and a return spring, the pull rope is connected with the traction rope at the lower end of the slider, and the rotating shaft can swing relative to the guide rail slider under the driving of the traction rope, so as to drive the dung scraping plate to swing; the collecting tank is connected with the collecting tank through a feces discharge pipe, a backflow port is further formed in the higher end of the collecting tank, a backflow pipe is arranged between the collecting tank and the backflow port of the collecting tank, and the backflow pipe is further connected with the water pump.
3. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the thickness of the padding is 25-50 cm.
4. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the composite fermentation inoculant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of yeast and 1-2 parts of nitrobacteria, wherein 20-50 g of the composite fermentation bacteria agent is added to each square meter of padding.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the weight ratio of the manure residues to the wood chips and the rice bran is (8-9): (1-5): (1-3).
6. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the stack is turned over every 1-3 days in the natural fermentation process.
7. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a fan is arranged above the fermentation bed.
8. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the anaerobic fermentation step of the tail tips of the sugar canes is as follows: crushing the sugarcane tails into short rods of 0.5-2cm, adding a fermentation aid into the short rods, uniformly stirring, and fermenting in a sealed manner at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 2-5 days to obtain a fermentation product.
9. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 8, wherein the fermentation aid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-4 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5-1 part of trichoderma reesei, wherein 50-100g of the fermentation aid is added to each ton of sugarcane tails.
10. The method for recycling cow dung according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mixed fermentation inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1-2 parts of trichoderma viride; 1-2 parts of aspergillus oryzae; adding 50-100g of the mixed fermentation inoculant into each ton of the mixture; before the mixed fermentation inoculant is added, activation treatment is firstly carried out; controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 55-65% before fermentation.
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