CN111760572B - 一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111760572B CN111760572B CN202010584393.0A CN202010584393A CN111760572B CN 111760572 B CN111760572 B CN 111760572B CN 202010584393 A CN202010584393 A CN 202010584393A CN 111760572 B CN111760572 B CN 111760572B
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- polydopamine
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical group [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- FYFFGSSZFBZTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylaminomethanetriol Chemical compound CNC(O)(O)O FYFFGSSZFBZTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diquat Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002078 nanoshell Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002824 redox indicator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003815 supercritical carbon dioxide extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/127—Preparation from compounds containing pyridine rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing two or more pyridine rings directly linked together, e.g. bipyridyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,该催化剂是先合成NiZnCu层状氢氧化物,然后加入多巴胺在碱性条件下多巴胺在NiZnCu层状氢氧化物表面经过自聚反应得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺,再加入氧化石墨烯经水热反应得NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯,最后在氮气氛中400~600℃高温焙烧,制得NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂,该催化剂是NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球与氧化还原石墨烯的纳米复合物,NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球的内核为NiZnCu合金纳米微球,内核为直径10~100nm,壳为氮碳纳米材料,壳层厚度为20~50nm。该催化剂可应用于吡啶催化脱氢合成2,2’‑联吡啶,能在催化剂用量相对较少的情况下获得较高的2,2’‑联吡啶产率,具有良好的工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,属于催化技术领域的催化剂制备技术。
背景技术
2,2’-联吡啶是一种重要的现代化工生产中间体,在氧化还原指示剂、光敏剂、超临界二氧化碳萃取、化学镀铜等领域得到了广泛应用,其中作为除草剂敌草快的主要原料中间体需求巨大。故开发高效的2,2’-联吡啶生产技术是降低敌草快生产成本的关键,而吡啶直接脱氢偶联是合成2,2’-联吡啶最绿色安全的生产路线。因此,研发一种高产率、低成本、低污染、无操作危险性的催化剂,催化吡啶直接脱氢合成2,2’-联吡啶具有重要的经济价值和市场前景。
美国专利US4966972公开了一种雷尼镍催化剂的制备方法,将镍盐通过浸渍、沉降、负载在硅高岭土表面,再通过煅烧、还原、退火得到雷尼镍,并将其应用于催化吡啶脱氢合成2,2’-联吡啶的反应中。该雷尼镍制备过程简单,但是雷尼镍用量多,产物转化率低,而且雷尼镍需保存在水相或乙醇中,存在一定安全隐患。中国专利CN110615754A公开了一种负载型双金属催化剂,负载型双金属催化剂的载体为活性炭、介孔碳、硅藻土、ZSM-5、氧化铝、氧化硅或氧化钛中,贵金属为Ru、Pd、Rh、Pt、Re、Au或Ir,非贵金属为Ni、Co、Cu、Mn、Mo、Fe、La、Ce或Zr。目前贵金属催化剂产率虽然高,但是大量使用贵金属且催化剂用量大,导致成本昂贵。非贵金属催化剂普遍存在反应转化率低、安全性差、活性组分易脱落导致失活等问题,且研究多集中在对活性组分的选择上,而忽略了对材料活性中心微观结构的调控。因此,设计和制备一种安全高效的新型催化剂,对吡啶催化一步偶联合成2,2’-联吡啶及其产业化应用具有重大意义。
近年来,层状氢氧化物(LDH)以其独特的化学组成和结构形态被广泛应用于催化领域。由于LDH的晶格取向效应,阳离子可以均匀地分散在层中,因此是理想的前驱体,可以减少活性金属的聚集。但是,当前的专利中国专利CN111111718A等主要围绕二元LDH,而研究表明掺入其他金属物质的三元LDH可能提供更高的催化活性,并且LDH常被用做催化剂载体,本身不具有催化活性,极大的限制了其在催化领域的贡献。因此,我们基于实现三种金属对吡啶脱氢合成2,2’-联吡啶反应的协同作用,将镍、锌、铜引入LDH层合成三元金属LDH,同时通过多巴胺的自聚合作用在金属粒子外围原位生长一层氮碳壳,有望实现对活性组分的保护,以及其在氧化还原石墨烯层上的锚定和均匀分散。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂可应用于吡啶脱氢一步合成2,2’-联吡啶的反应,能在催化剂用量相对较少的情况下获得较高的2,2’-联吡啶产率,具有良好的工业应用前景。
技术方案:本发明的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的结构是NiZnCu合金氮碳核壳纳米微球与氧化还原石墨烯的纳米复合物,NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球的内核为NiZnCu合金纳米微球,内核的直径为10~100nm,外壳为氮碳材料,壳层厚度为20~50nm。
本发明的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法是是通过NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中高温煅烧制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯是由氧化石墨烯与NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺水热反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺是多巴胺在NiZnCu层状氢氧化物上发生自聚合反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物是由镍盐、锌盐、铜盐通过水热反应制得。
该催化剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
步骤a)室温下,分别将镍盐、锌盐、铜盐、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5~1h,升温至110~130℃,水热反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥6~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
步骤b)分别将步骤a)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物与三羟甲基氨基甲烷、多巴胺、去离子水、浓盐酸加入反应釜中混匀,混合物在60~80℃下反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥6~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
步骤c)将氧化石墨烯、步骤b)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1~2h,升温至110~130℃水热反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥8~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
步骤d)将步骤c)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中于400~600℃焙烧2~5h,降至室温后得NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
其中,
步骤a)中,锌盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,铜盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,尿素:镍盐的质量比为0.7:1~0.3:1,去离子水:镍盐的质量比为100:1~150:1。
所述的镍盐为硝酸镍或氯化镍,锌盐为硝酸锌或氯化锌,铜盐为硝酸铜或氯化铜。
步骤b)中,三羟甲基氨基甲烷:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为30:1~60:1,多巴胺:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为1:1~2:1,去离子水:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为240:1~480:1,浓盐酸:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为10:1~20:1。
所述的浓盐酸的浓度为36wt.%~38wt.%。
步骤c)中,去离子水:氧化石墨烯的质量比为500:1~800:1,按NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺:氧化石墨烯的质量比为6:1~10:1。
催化剂性能评价:将该催化剂用于吡啶脱氢制备2,2’-联吡啶反应,以固定床反应器作为催化性能评价装置,采用气相色谱进行成份分析。评价条件:催化剂装填量为2.0g、吡啶流速为12mL/h、反应温度为200℃、反应压力为0.8MPa。
M为反应物吡啶的质量,m为反应后产物总质量,a为反应产物中2,2’-联吡啶的含量。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂是将镍、锌、铜引入LDH层合成NiZnCu三元金属的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物,同时通过多巴胺的自聚合作用在金属粒子外围原位生长一层氮碳纳米材料,实现对活性组分的保护,以及其在氧化还原石墨烯层上的锚定和均匀分散。该催化剂催化吡啶脱氢能获得较高的2,2’-联吡啶产率和稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景。
本发明的特点为:
1.与传统的以金属盐为前驱体合成多元金属合金的方法相比,将NiZnCu层状氢氧化物作为活性组分前驱体的方法,则是充分利用了LDH的独特层状结构和晶格取向效应,活性组分的分布更加均匀,金属粒子的团聚程度大大降低,活性位点增多,显著增强了催化剂的催化活性。Zn和Cu的掺杂可以有效地改善Ni的电子分布,增强Ni与氧化还原石墨烯的相互作用力,有利于2,2’-联吡啶的脱附,同时有效防止活性组分的流失,增强了催化稳定性。
2.本发明在NiZnCu层状氢氧化物表面通过自聚合作用包覆一层聚多巴胺薄膜,它不仅可以通过高温焙烧形成氮碳纳米层包裹金属纳米颗粒,还可以作为绿色还原剂,在不添加其他还原剂的条件下还原金属离子形成合金。金属合金外层的氮碳纳米壳对NiZnCu合金起到很好的保护作用,能有效防止在催化剂制备过程中金属粒子的烧结和在催化反应过程中因NiZnCu的流失所导致的催化剂失活,从而明显提高催化反应的稳定性。同时,氮原子的引入使催化剂具有更多的Lewis碱性位,与NiZnCu产生强范德华力,有利于氢的转移,大大提高催化活性。
3.NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中高温焙烧不仅实现了金属原位热解还原,而且氧化石墨烯也被还原成氧化还原石墨烯,氧化还原石墨烯具有大的表面积,以氧化还原石墨烯为基底,不仅能有效实现活性组分的高效锚定,还能促进金属纳米颗粒分散,避免其在催化过程中团聚,从而暴露出更多的活性中心来提高活性。此外,氧化还原石墨烯较高的机械强度使得催化剂不易被破坏,增强了催化剂结构的稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明提供的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂是通过NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中400~600℃下高温煅烧制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯是由氧化石墨烯与NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺水热反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺是多巴胺在NiZnCu层状氢氧化物上发生自聚合反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物是由镍盐、锌盐、铜盐通过水热反应制得。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的结构是NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球与氧化还原石墨烯的纳米复合物,NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球的内核为NiZnCu合金纳米微球,内核的直径为10~100nm,外壳为氮碳纳米材料,壳层厚度为20~50nm。本发明提供的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法为:
步骤a)室温下,按锌盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,按铜盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,按尿素:镍盐的质量比为0.7:1~0.3:1,按去离子水:镍盐的质量比为100:1~150:1,分别将镍盐、锌盐、铜盐、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5~1h,升温至110~130℃,水热反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥6~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
步骤b)按三羟甲基氨基甲烷:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为30:1~60:1,按多巴胺:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为1:1~2:1,按去离子水:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为240:1~480:1,按浓盐酸:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为10:1~20:1,分别将步骤a)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、多巴胺、去离子水、浓盐酸加入反应釜中混匀,浓盐酸的浓度为36wt.%~38wt.%,60~80℃下反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥6~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
步骤c)按去离子水:氧化石墨烯的质量比为500:1~800:1,按NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺:氧化石墨烯的质量比为6:1~10:1,将氧化石墨烯、步骤b)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1~2h,升温至110~130℃水热反应12~24h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80℃下真空干燥8~12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
步骤d)将步骤c)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于400~600℃焙烧2~5h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,步骤a)中所述的镍盐为硝酸镍或氯化镍,锌盐为硝酸锌或氯化锌,铜盐为硝酸铜或氯化铜。
实施例1
室温下,将0.23gZnCl2,0.23gCuCl2·6H2O,0.80gNiCl2·6H2O,0.32g尿素和80g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5h,升温至110℃水热反应12h,降至室温后过滤,用150g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥6h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
称取1.00g上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、31.08g三羟甲基氨基甲烷、1.00g多巴胺与260g去离子水、12g浓度为37%的浓盐酸加入反应釜混匀,60℃下反应12h,降至室温后过滤,用200g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
将0.14g氧化石墨烯、1.00g NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、80g去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1h,升温至110℃水热反应15h,降至室温后过滤,用80g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
将上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于400℃焙烧2h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂催化吡啶脱氢制2,2’-联吡啶的催化性能:2,2’-联吡啶的单程最高产率为8.35%,30h时2,2’-联吡啶的单程产率为1.72%。
实施例2
室温下,将1.72gZnCl2,1.72gCuCl2·6H2O,8.60gNiCl2·6H2O,3.44g尿素和860g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5h,升温至120℃水热反应12h,降至室温后过滤,用800g分4次去离子水洗涤滤饼,70℃下真空干燥8h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
称取3.20g上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、96.40g三羟甲基氨基甲烷、4.00g多巴胺与1200g去离子水、60g浓度为37%的浓盐酸加入反应釜混匀,80℃下反应14h,降至室温后过滤,用600g去离子水分4次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥12h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
将0.25g氧化石墨烯、2.00g NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、200g去离子水加入反应釜混匀,超声分散2h,升温至110℃水热反应20h,降至室温后过滤,用80g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
将上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于550℃焙烧4h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂催化吡啶制2,2’-联吡啶催化剂的催化性能:2,2’-联吡啶的单程最高产率为6.73%,30h时2,2’-联吡啶的单程产率为1.62%。
实施例3
室温下,将0.65gZn(NO3)2·6H2O,0.65gCu(NO3)2·3H2O,3.00g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,1.50g尿素和320g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,升温至130℃水热反应20h,降至室温后过滤,用300g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥8h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
称取2.00g上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、81.20g三羟甲基氨基甲烷、3.50g多巴胺与800g去离子水、35g浓度为37%的浓盐酸加入反应釜混匀,80℃下反应16h,降至室温后过滤,用350g去离子水分4次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
将0.25g氧化石墨烯、2.00g NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、170g去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散2h,升温至120℃水热反应24h,降至室温后过滤,用300g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,80℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
将上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于600℃焙烧2h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂催化吡啶制2,2’-联吡啶催化剂的催化性能:2,2’-联吡啶的单程最高产率为7.83%,30h时2,2’-联吡啶的单程产率为1.92%。
实施例4
室温下,将0.56g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,0.37g Cu(NO3)2·3H2O,1.86g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,0.93g尿素和260g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,升温至130℃水热反应18h,降至室温后过滤,用220g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥8h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
称取1.00g上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、40.20g三羟甲基氨基甲烷、1.50g多巴胺与400g去离子水、18g浓度为37%的浓盐酸加入反应釜混匀,80℃下反应15h,降至室温后过滤,用170g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
将0.15g氧化石墨烯、1.00g NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、100g去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1h,升温至120℃水热反应20h,降至室温后过滤,用150g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,80℃下真空干燥8h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
将上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于600℃焙烧4h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂催化吡啶制2,2’-联吡啶催化剂的催化性能:2,2’-联吡啶的单程最高产率为6.80%,30h时2,2’-联吡啶的单程产率为1.92%。
实施例5
室温下,将1.00g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,0.52g Cu(NO3)2·3H2O,5.00g Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,2.98g尿素和650g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5h,升温至120℃水热反应21h,降至室温后过滤,用400g去离子水分4次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
称取1.50g上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物、61.30g三羟甲基氨基甲烷、2.00g多巴胺与520g去离子水、24g浓度为37%的浓盐酸加入反应釜混匀,80℃下反应12h,降至室温后过滤,用300g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,60℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
将0.15g氧化石墨烯、1.00gNiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、100g去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1h,升温至120℃水热反应15h,降至室温后过滤,用150g去离子水分3次洗涤滤饼,70℃下真空干燥10h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
将上述制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯置于氮气氛中于500℃焙烧5h,冷却后得到NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
上述NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂催化吡啶制2,2’-联吡啶催化剂的催化性能:2,2’-联吡啶的单程最高产率为8.90%,30h时2,2’-联吡啶的单程产率为0.92%。
Claims (7)
1.一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂,其特征在于该催化剂的结构是NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球与氧化还原石墨烯的纳米复合物,NiZnCu氮碳核壳纳米微球的内核为NiZnCu合金纳米微球,内核的直径为10~100 nm,外壳为氮碳材料,壳层厚度为20~50 nm;
该催化剂是通过NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中高温焙烧制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯是由氧化石墨烯与NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺水热反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺是多巴胺在NiZnCu层状氢氧化物上发生自聚合反应制得,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物是由镍盐、锌盐、铜盐通过水热反应制得。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于该催化剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
步骤a)室温下,分别将镍盐、锌盐、铜盐、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌0.5~1 h,升温至110~130 ℃,水热反应12~24 h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80 ℃下真空干燥 6~12 h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物;
步骤b)分别将步骤a)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物与三羟甲基氨基甲烷、多巴胺、去离子水、浓盐酸加入反应釜中混匀,混合物在60~80 ℃下反应12~24 h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80 ℃下真空干燥 6~12 h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺;
步骤c)将氧化石墨烯、步骤b)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺、去离子水加入反应釜中混匀,超声分散1~2 h,升温至110~130 ℃水热反应12~24 h,降至室温后过滤,用100~200倍滤饼质量的去离子水分3~4次洗涤滤饼,60~80 ℃下真空干燥 8~12 h,得到NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯;
步骤d)将步骤c)制得的NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺/氧化石墨烯在氮气氛中于400~600 ℃焙烧2~5 h,降至室温后得NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中,锌盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,铜盐:镍盐的质量比为0.3:1~0.1:1,尿素:镍盐的质量比为0.7:1~0.3:1,去离子水:镍盐的质量比为100:1~150:1。
4.根据权利要求3中所述的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的镍盐为硝酸镍或氯化镍,锌盐为硝酸锌或氯化锌,铜盐为硝酸铜或氯化铜。
5.根据权利要求2中所述的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,三羟甲基氨基甲烷:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为30: 1~60: 1,多巴胺:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为1: 1~2: 1,去离子水:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为240: 1~480: 1,浓盐酸:NiZnCu层状氢氧化物的质量比为10: 1~20 : 1。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的浓盐酸的浓度为36 wt.% ~ 38 wt. %。
7.根据权利要求2中所述的一种NiZnCu纳米复合脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中,去离子水:氧化石墨烯的质量比为500:1~800:1,NiZnCu层状氢氧化物/聚多巴胺:氧化石墨烯的质量比为6:1~10:1。
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