CN111732471A - Foliar fertilizer with function of improving crop resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Foliar fertilizer with function of improving crop resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/32—Yeast
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/38—Trichoderma
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a foliar fertilizer capable of improving crop resistance, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of chitin, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10-15 parts of garlic extract, 5-15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 5-15 parts of compound amino acid and 50-80 parts of waste honey liquid. According to the foliar fertilizer, the microbial flora on the leaf surface of a plant is improved, the competitiveness of the micro-environment flora on the leaf surface is constructed, the lignin synthesis of the plant is induced, the crop is induced to generate resistances such as insect resistance, disease resistance and the like through three ways of traditional Chinese medicine extracts, and the traditional Chinese medicine extracts are cooperated to have high-efficiency supplementary organic nutritional ingredients, so that the rapid recovery of the tree vigor and the increase of the resistance are realized, the nutritional requirement of the plant for rapidly recovering the tree vigor is met, the photosynthesis of the plant is improved, and the healthy and glossy tree vigor after fruit bearing is.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers. More particularly, the invention relates to a foliar fertilizer capable of improving crop resistance.
Background
Resistance of a plant refers to certain traits that a plant possesses against a hostile environment; such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, disease and insect resistance and the like. One kind of plant in nature has excellent stress resistance, and is difficult to transfer to other kinds of plant under natural conditions. For example, the publication No. CN 107318643B is named as a breeding method of high-yield, early-maturing and good stress resistance corn seeds, but the excellent variety bred by the method cannot be transferred with other kinds of plants, different breeding methods need to be researched for different species, and the genetic purity is low, so that the stress resistance of other plants in the growth process is not convenient to improve. In order to improve the resistance of other plants during growth, the prior art has been to improve the resistance of plants by changing soil conditions, such as under the name of microbial soil conditioners with publication number CN 105754607 a. It improves soil through microorganism, prevents plant diseases and insect pests, promotes crop self-resistance. However, microorganisms prepared by the microorganism modifying agent in the prior art are various in types, are not commonly used for a plurality of fungi, are difficult to obtain and prepare, and are not beneficial to popularization and application.
In addition, the fertilizer products in the current market generally have the defects that the content of organic matters is heavier, the absorption and utilization rate of leaf surfaces to nutrient components is low, the photosynthesis of plants is reduced, the resistance caused by weak tree vigor is reduced, and the like, and a targeted solution is lacking. However, the series of problems directly cause the difficulty in recovering the tree vigor of the plants after bearing fruits, the big and small fruit years, the frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and even the declining yellowing and even the death of the plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a foliar fertilizer capable of improving crop resistance, which aims at the problems of difficult restoration of tree vigor, big and small bearing years, frequent diseases and even plant fading, yellowing and withering after crops such as citrus reticulata, guava and the like are bearing fruits.
According to the invention, the microbial flora on the leaf surface of the plant is improved, the competitiveness of the micro-environment flora on the leaf surface is constructed, the lignin synthesis of the plant is induced, the crop is induced to generate resistances such as insect resistance, disease resistance and the like through three ways of traditional Chinese medicine extracts, and the traditional Chinese medicine extracts are cooperated with organic nutritional ingredients with efficient supplement, so that the rapid recovery of the tree vigor and the increase of the resistance are realized, the nutritional requirement of the plant for rapidly recovering the tree vigor is met, the photosynthesis of the plant is promoted, and the healthy and glossy tree vigor after fruit bearing is recovered.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a foliar fertilizer having enhanced resistance to crop plants, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of chitin, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10-15 parts of garlic extract, 5-15 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 5-15 parts of compound amino acid and 50-80 parts of waste honey liquid.
Preferably, the emulsion further comprises 10-12 parts of a solubilizer, 5-10 parts of a thickener and 1-3 parts of an emulsifier, wherein the solubilizer is Tween 80.
Preferably, the compound amino acid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of bone meal, 15-20 parts of bean cake powder and 0.5-1.1 parts of papain.
Preferably, the complex amino acid is prepared by the following method:
step 1.1, drying 20-50 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of bone meal and 15-20 parts of bean cake powder by weight at 85-105 ℃, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain powder;
step 1.2, according to the following steps: 10-30 material-liquid ratio, compounding the powder with water, and uniformly stirring;
and step 1.3, adding 0.5-1.1 parts of papain, stirring, fermenting for 6-8 hours, and spray drying to obtain the papain.
Preferably, the papain activity is 5 wu/g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for improving the resistance of crops, which adopts the raw materials in parts by weight and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing compound amino acid;
step 2, preparing garlic extract and sophora flavescens extract:
step 2.1, respectively drying garlic and sophora flavescens at 70-90 ℃ for 20-36h in vacuum, crushing, and sieving by a 320-mesh sieve to respectively obtain garlic powder and sophora flavescens powder;
step 2.2, respectively adding the garlic powder and the sophora flavescens powder into a reflux extraction device, soaking in 30-80% ethanol by volume for 3-5 hours, respectively performing ultrasonic treatment, and respectively filtering to obtain garlic filtrate and sophora flavescens filtrate;
step 2.3, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on the garlic filtrate and the sophora flavescens filtrate, adding the obtained extract into ultrapure water with a material-liquid ratio of 1:20-50 for suspension, mixing the obtained first suspension with n-butyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:1-2.5, and uniformly mixing for 30-45 minutes in a shaking manner to respectively obtain a garlic second suspension and a sophora flavescens second suspension;
step 2.4, respectively carrying out centrifugal separation on the garlic second suspension and the sophora flavescens second suspension at 1500-3000r/min, and then removing the n-butanol layer to respectively obtain a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer;
step 2.5, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer to obtain a garlic extract and a sophora flavescens extract;
and 3, uniformly mixing the garlic extract and the sophora flavescens extract with the waste honey liquid, the compound amino acid, the chitin, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the saccharomycetes, the high-sugar yeast, the yeast extract, the trichoderma harzianum liquid, the urea and the calcium nitrate to obtain a finished product.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the combination of the yeast, the high-sugar yeast, the yeast extract, the urea and the calcium nitrate has the microbial flora for improving the leaf surfaces of plants, the combination of the chitin, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the trichoderma harzianum liquid and the yeast extract has the competitiveness for constructing leaf surface microenvironment flora and induces the synthesis of lignin of the plants, the combination of the garlic extract and the sophora flavescens extract has the functions of insect toxicity, bactericidal activity and improvement of crop resistance, the three ways together induce the crops to generate resistance such as insect resistance, disease resistance and the like, and meanwhile, the waste honey liquid and the compound amino acid have organic nutrient components which are efficiently supplemented, so that the rapid recovery of tree vigor and the increase of resistance are realized. The foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention integrally has organic nutritional ingredients, insect-resistant traditional Chinese medicine extracts and probiotic groups required by yeast and trichoderma harzianum as plants, has the effect of inhibiting harmful microbial floras on the leaf surfaces, is easy to obtain and cheap in price, and is convenient to apply and popularize. Trichoderma harzianum has strong capability of decomposing cellulose, Trichoderma viride can usually produce highly active cellulase, has strong capability of decomposing cellulose, and can stimulate receptors related to leaf surfaces and stem cells of crops after being sprayed, so as to initiate the formation of systemic resistance of plants and stimulate the formation of cell wall lignin. Experiments and observations show that the foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the effects of promoting the growth of leaf surface cells, stem cells and the like, improving the photosynthesis of plants, recovering the healthy and glossy tree vigor after fruiting and meeting the nutritional requirement of rapidly recovering the tree vigor of the plants.
2. The compound amino acid obtained by fermenting the fish meal, the bone meal, the bean cake powder and the papain is used as a nitrogen source, can be obtained by fermenting the fish meal, the bone meal, the bean cake powder and the papain which are biological wastes in the food industry, is mild and controllable, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and simultaneously reduces the environmental pollution. The adopted nitrogen source has the characteristic of easy absorption of micromolecules after fermentation treatment, and meanwhile, the amino acid degraded by the biological protein has the characteristics of rich varieties and comprehensive nutrition, and is suitable for comprehensive requirements and rapid supplement of plant nutrition.
3. The garlic extract and the sophora flavescens extract are obtained by screening and optimizing active ingredients at different polar parts based on a method in the prior art, and are guided by taking insect resistance and disease resistance as main evaluation indexes and taking energy consumption and production difficulty as auxiliary evaluation indexes, so that the purposes of strong activity and controllable cost of the extracts are achieved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials or reagents used therefor are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
A foliar fertilizer for improving crop resistance is prepared by the following steps:
step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of saccharomycete, 20 parts of high-sugar yeast, 10 parts of yeast extract, 80 parts of urea, 500 parts of calcium nitrate, 500 parts of chitin, 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 200 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 1000 parts of garlic extract, 500 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 500 parts of compound amino acid and 5000 parts of waste honey liquid. Wherein the raw material components are calculated by taking grams as a unit, and the components are obtained by the market;
and step two, mixing and fermenting the weighed components for 12 hours according to the conventional method to obtain the foliar fertilizer A1.
Example 2
A foliar fertilizer for improving crop resistance is prepared by the following steps:
step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of saccharomycete, 20 parts of high-sugar yeast, 10 parts of yeast extract, 80 parts of urea, 500 parts of calcium nitrate, 500 parts of chitin, 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 200 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 1000 parts of garlic extract, 500 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 500 parts of compound amino acid, 5000 parts of waste honey liquid, 1000 parts of solubilizer, 500 parts of thickener and 100 parts of emulsifier, wherein the solubilizer is tween 80. Wherein the raw material components are calculated by gram, and the components are obtained by market;
and step two, mixing and fermenting the weighed components for 12 hours according to the conventional method to obtain the foliar fertilizer A2.
Example 3
A foliar fertilizer for improving crop resistance is prepared by the following steps:
step one, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of saccharomycete, 100 parts of high-sugar yeast, 30 parts of yeast extract, 120 parts of urea, 1000 parts of calcium nitrate, 1500 parts of chitin, 50 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 500 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 1500 parts of garlic extract, 1500 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 1500 parts of compound amino acid and 8000 parts of waste honey liquid. Wherein, the compound amino acid dry powder is prepared by the following method: firstly, 5000 parts of fish meal, 4000 parts of bone meal and 2000 parts of bean cake powder are dried at 105 ℃, and then microwave sterilization is carried out to obtain powder; step two, according to the following steps: compounding the powder and water according to the material-liquid ratio of 30, and uniformly stirring; and thirdly, adding 110 parts of papain with the activity of 5 wu/g, stirring and fermenting for 6 hours, and spraying and drying to obtain the papain. The above raw material components are calculated in grams, and the above components are all commercially available;
and step two, mixing and fermenting the weighed components for 12 hours according to the conventional method to obtain the foliar fertilizer A3.
Example 4
A foliar fertilizer for improving crop resistance is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing compound amino acid:
step 1.1, placing 2000 parts of fish meal, 3000 parts of bone meal and 1500 parts of bean cake powder at 85 ℃ for drying, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain powder;
step 1.2, according to the following steps: 10, compounding the powder and water according to the material-liquid ratio, and uniformly stirring;
and step 1.3, adding 50 parts of papain, stirring, fermenting for 6 hours, and spray-drying to obtain the papain.
Step 2, preparing garlic extract and sophora flavescens extract:
step 2.1, respectively drying garlic and sophora flavescens under vacuum at 70 ℃ for 20 hours, crushing, and sieving with a 320-mesh sieve to respectively obtain garlic powder and sophora flavescens powder;
step 2.2, respectively adding the garlic powder and the sophora flavescens powder into a reflux extraction device, soaking in ethanol with the volume fraction of 30% for 3 hours, respectively performing ultrasonic treatment, and respectively filtering to obtain garlic filtrate and sophora flavescens filtrate;
step 2.3, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on the garlic filtrate and the sophora flavescens filtrate, adding ultrapure water with a material-liquid ratio of 1:20 into the obtained extract for suspension, mixing the obtained first suspension with n-butyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and uniformly mixing for 30 minutes in a shaking manner to respectively obtain a garlic second suspension and a sophora flavescens second suspension;
step 2.4, respectively carrying out centrifugal separation on the garlic second suspension and the sophora flavescens second suspension at 1500r/min, and then removing the n-butyl alcohol layer to respectively obtain a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer;
step 2.5, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer to obtain a garlic extract and a sophora flavescens extract;
and 3, uniformly mixing 40 parts of saccharomycetes, 40 parts of high-sugar yeast, 10 parts of yeast extract, 80 parts of urea, 500 parts of calcium nitrate, 500 parts of chitin, 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 200 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 1000 parts of garlic extract, 500 parts of sophora flavescens extract, 500 parts of compound amino acid and 5000 parts of waste honey liquid to obtain a finished product A4.
Wherein the raw material components are calculated by taking grams as a unit.
Example 5
A foliar fertilizer for improving crop resistance is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, preparing compound amino acid:
step 1.1, placing 50 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of bone meal and 20 parts of bean cake powder at 105 ℃ for drying, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain powder;
step 1.2, according to the following steps: compounding the powder and water according to the material-liquid ratio of 30, and uniformly stirring;
and step 1.3, adding 1.1 parts of papain, stirring, fermenting for 6 hours, and spray-drying to obtain the papain.
Step 2, preparing garlic extract and sophora flavescens extract:
step 2.1, respectively drying garlic and sophora flavescens under vacuum at 70 ℃ for 20 hours, crushing, and sieving with a 320-mesh sieve to respectively obtain garlic powder and sophora flavescens powder;
step 2.2, respectively adding the garlic powder and the sophora flavescens powder into a reflux extraction device, soaking in 80 volume percent ethanol for 3 hours, respectively performing ultrasonic treatment, and respectively filtering to obtain garlic filtrate and sophora flavescens filtrate;
step 2.3, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on the garlic filtrate and the sophora flavescens filtrate, adding ultrapure water with a material-liquid ratio of 1:50 into the obtained extract for suspension, mixing the obtained first suspension and n-butyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:2.5, and uniformly mixing for 30 minutes by oscillation to respectively obtain a garlic second suspension and a sophora flavescens second suspension;
step 2.4, respectively carrying out centrifugal separation on the garlic second suspension and the sophora flavescens second suspension at 1500r/min, and then removing the n-butyl alcohol layer to respectively obtain a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer;
step 2.5, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer to obtain a garlic extract and a sophora flavescens extract;
and 3, uniformly mixing 0.4 part of yeast, 0.4 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1 part of yeast extract, 0.8 part of urea, 10 parts of calcium nitrate, 6 parts of chitin, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10 parts of solubilizer, 5 parts of thickener, 3 parts of emulsifier, 10 parts of garlic extract, 10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 10 parts of compound amino acid and 50 parts of waste honey liquid to obtain a finished product A5.
Wherein, the raw material components are calculated by taking kilogram as a unit.
Comparison document 1 (preparation of foliar fertilizer using components of microbial flora with improved plant foliar surface):
step 1, weighing 0.4kg of yeast, 0.4kg of high-sugar yeast and 0.05kg of yeast extract, and uniformly mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: adding water at a material-liquid ratio of 50;
and 2, adding 0.8kg of urea and 10kg of calcium nitrate into the mixed solution, and stirring and fermenting for 24 hours to obtain the foliar fertilizer B1.
Comparison document 2 (preparation of foliar fertilizer using components having competitiveness in constructing foliar microenvironment flora and inducing lignin synthesis of plant itself):
step 1, weighing 6kg of chitin, 0.1kg of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5kg of trichoderma harzianum liquid and 0.05kg of yeast extract, and uniformly mixing the chitin, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the trichoderma harzianum liquid and the yeast extract according to the weight ratio of 1:50 feed-to-liquid ratio water was added.
And 2, adding 10kg of solubilizer, 5kg of thickener and 3kg of emulsifier to prepare uniform suspension, namely the prepared foliar fertilizer B2.
Comparison document 3 (preparation of foliar fertilizer using traditional Chinese medicine plant extract with insect resistance):
step 1, 10kg of garlic extract and 10kg of sophora flavescens extract are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: and adding water according to the feed liquid ratio of 50 to obtain the leaf fertilizer B3.
Comparison document 4 (preparation of foliar fertilizer using organic nutrient components with efficient supplementation):
step 1, preparing amino acid powder, namely, preparing first powder, namely, putting 20kg of fish meal, 30kg of bone meal and 15kg of bean cake powder at 85-105 ℃, drying and carrying out microwave sterilization to obtain first powder; step two, according to the following steps: compounding the first powder with water in a material-liquid ratio of 10-30, and uniformly stirring; thirdly, adding the papain accounting for 1/12 of the weight of the first powder into the compound liquid obtained in the second step, stirring and fermenting for 6 hours, and spray drying to obtain compound amino acid dry powder;
step 2, uniformly mixing 10kg of amino acid powder and 50kg of waste honey liquid according to the proportion of 1: and adding water according to the feed liquid ratio of 50 to obtain the leaf fertilizer B4.
Spray application experiment 1:
the guava trees planted in a certain producing area have brown spot after growing for five years, 40 guava trees are randomly divided for application test, and the 40 guava trees are randomly and evenly divided into four groups, wherein each group comprises 10 guava trees. The first group is sprayed with the foliar fertilizer A1 of example 1, the second group is sprayed with the foliar fertilizer A3 of example 3, the third group is sprayed with the foliar fertilizer B3 of comparative example 3, and the fourth group is not sprayed with any foliar fertilizer and other control drugs, and the daily care of the four groups is the same. The method for spraying the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: after being diluted by 300 times, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves of guavas once every 7 days. After 1 month of spraying, the new foliar lesions of the first group (foliar fertilizer of example 1) of guavas were reduced by 85%, the tree vigor and the nutritional status were recovered, and fruit bearing did not occur due to disease. The second group (the foliar fertilizer of the embodiment 3) of guavas has 89% reduction of new foliar lesions, obvious greening and thickening of the foliar, and quicker recovery of tree vigor and nutrition status, which can indicate that the fermented compound amino acid micromolecule nutrient substance is more beneficial to the absorption of crops, the utilization rate is high, and simultaneously, fruit drop caused by diseases does not occur during fruit bearing. The new leaf surface lesions of the guava in the third group (the leaf surface fertilizer of the comparative example 3) are reduced by 63 percent, the tree vigor and the nutrition condition have gradual recovery tendency, and the phenomenon of fruit drop caused by diseases is 48 percent. The new leaf surface lesions of the guavas in the fourth group are not reduced, and simultaneously fruit drop is caused by diseases, and the fruit bearing rate is reduced by 70%.
The statistical and computational observation data of the spraying application experiment 1 show that the foliar fertilizer has the effect of improving disease resistance on fruit trees in the growth stage, so that the tree vigor and the nutritional status of plants are recovered after bearing fruits, and the normal bearing fruits of the fruit trees are effectively recovered. The second group adopts the foliar fertilizer A3 of the embodiment 3, the compound amino acid is formed by mixing animal source protein and plant source protein and fermenting by papain, so that the protein from different sources can bring rich and comprehensive amino acid which is more close to the required nutrition composition proportion of plants, and the micro-molecular nutrient substance obtained by fermentation is more beneficial to the absorption of crops, promotes the green and thick leaf surfaces, is beneficial to photosynthesis, and recovers the tree vigor and the nutrition condition faster.
Spray application experiment 2:
the Wo citrus trees planted in a certain producing area grow for five years, the tree vigor is weak after the trees are picked, canker diseases appear, 110 Wo citrus trees are randomly divided into ten groups, and each group comprises 10 citrus trees. Spraying the foliar fertilizer B1 of comparative example 1 on the first group, spraying the foliar fertilizer B2 of comparative example 2 on the second group, spraying the foliar fertilizer B3 of comparative example 3 on the third group, spraying the foliar fertilizer B4 of comparative example 4 on the fourth group, and spraying the foliar fertilizers B1, B2, B3 and B4 on the fifth group according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1:1 mixed foliar fertilizer, the sixth group sprayed with the foliar fertilizer a1 of example 1, the seventh group sprayed with the foliar fertilizer a2 of example 2, the eighth group sprayed with the foliar fertilizer A3 of example 3, the ninth group sprayed with the foliar fertilizer a4 of example 4, the tenth group sprayed with the foliar fertilizer a5 of example 5, and the tenth group not sprayed with any foliar fertilizer and other control drugs, and the daily care of the eleven groups is the same. The method for spraying the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) diluting the foliar fertilizer by 300 times, spraying the foliar fertilizer on leaves of the Or citrus, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 7 days. After 1 month of spray application, the observations were as follows:
the incidence rate of disease spots of the vorax oranges new-growing leaf surface ulcer disease of the first group (adopting the leaf fertilizer of the comparative example 1) is 32 percent, the recovery rate of the diseased old leaves after perforation is 54 percent, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of fruit drop caused by diseases is 39 percent, and the tree vigor recovery trend is slow.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the second group (adopting the foliar fertilizer of the comparative example 2) of the vorax oranges new-growing foliar ulcers is 65%, the recovery rate of the diseased old leaves after perforation is 12%, and the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the diseases is 27%, and the tree vigor recovery trend is slow.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the new leaf surface ulcer disease of the oranges in the third group (adopting the leaf fertilizer of the comparative example 3) is 50 percent, the recovery rate of the old leaf perforations is 31 percent, and the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is 41 percent, so the tree vigor recovery trend is slow.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the new leaf surface ulcer of the citrus reticulata in the fourth group (adopting the leaf fertilizer of the comparative example 4) is 28 percent, the recovery rate of the perforation of the diseased old leaves is 32 percent, and simultaneously, the phenomenon of fruit drop caused by diseases is 13 percent, the leaf surface becomes green and thick, the tree vigor shows the recovery trend, and the tree vigor has the gradual recovery trend.
And in the fifth group (mixed liquor of leaf fertilizers B1-B4), the incidence rate of disease spots caused by the newly-grown leaf surface ulcer of the Or citrus is 21%, the puncture cure rate of diseased old leaves is 78%, and simultaneously, the phenomenon of fruit drop caused by diseases is 20%, the leaf surfaces turn green and thicken, and the tree vigor is obviously recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the vorax oranges new-growing leaf surface ulcer disease in the sixth group (leaf fertilizer A1) is 11%, the recovery rate of the diseased old leaves after perforation is 85%, and simultaneously, because the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is only 9%, the tree vigor is obviously recovered fast, the resistance is enhanced, and the healthy luster of the partial old leaves which are not perforated and recovered is also recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the new leaf surface ulcer disease of the Or (a seventh group of leaf fertilizer A2) is 12%, the recovery rate of the disease old leaves after perforation is 88%, and simultaneously, the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is only 10%, the tree vigor is obviously recovered fast, the resistance is enhanced, and the healthy luster of the old leaves after partial non-perforation recovery also can be recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the new leaf surface ulcer disease of the Or (leaf surface fertilizer A3) is 10%, the recovery rate of the perforation of the diseased old leaves is 90%, and simultaneously, because the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is only 7%, the leaf surface becomes green and thickens obviously, the tree vigor recovers quickly obviously, the resistance is enhanced, and the healthy luster of the partial old leaves which are not perforated and recovered is also recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the new leaf surface ulcer of the Or (leaf surface fertilizer A4) is 8%, the recovery rate of the punctured old leaves is 87%, and simultaneously, the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is only 6%, the leaf surfaces become green and thick obviously, the tree vigor is recovered fast obviously, the resistance is enhanced, and the healthy luster of the old leaves partially recovered without the punctured holes is also recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the vorax newly-growing leaf surface ulcer disease of the tenth group (leaf fertilizer A5) is 9 percent, the recovery rate of the punctured old leaves is 89 percent, simultaneously, the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is only 7 percent, the leaf surfaces become green and thicken obviously, the tree vigor is recovered fast obviously, the resistance is enhanced, and the healthy luster of the old leaves partially recovered without the punctured holes is also recovered.
The incidence rate of disease spots of the New leaf ulcer of the Or (a blank control group) is 90%, the recovery rate of the perforation of the diseased old leaves is 12%, and simultaneously, the fruit drop phenomenon caused by the disease is 85%, the tree vigor is weak, and part of leaves are yellow and withered.
The statistical and computational observation data of the spraying application experiments 1 and 2 show that the foliar fertilizer provided by the invention constructs competitiveness of microenvironment flora of leaf surfaces and induces lignin synthesis of plants through improving the flora of the leaf surfaces of the plants, induces the crops to generate resistances such as insect resistance, disease resistance and the like through three ways of traditional Chinese medicine extracts, and has organic nutrient components which are efficiently supplemented in cooperation, so that the rapid recovery of tree vigor and the increase of resistance are realized, the nutritional requirement of the plants for rapidly recovering the tree vigor is met, the photosynthesis of the plants is improved, and the tree vigor after fruit hanging is recovered to healthy and bright.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details and the examples shown herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The foliar fertilizer capable of improving the crop resistance is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of chitin, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of trichoderma harzianum liquid, 10-15 parts of garlic extract, 5-15 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis extract, 5-15 parts of compound amino acid and 50-80 parts of waste honey liquid.
2. The foliar fertilizer with the function of improving the crop resistance as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 10 to 12 parts of a solubilizer, 5 to 10 parts of a thickener and 1 to 3 parts of an emulsifier, wherein the solubilizer is tween 80.
3. The foliar fertilizer for improving the crop resistance as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound amino acid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of bone meal, 15-20 parts of bean cake powder and 0.5-1.1 parts of papain.
4. The foliar fertilizer with enhanced crop resistance as claimed in claim 3, wherein the compound amino acid is prepared by the following method:
s1.1, drying 20-50 parts by weight of fish meal, 30-40 parts by weight of bone meal and 15-20 parts by weight of bean cake powder at 85-105 ℃, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain powder;
s1.2, according to the proportion of 1: 10-30 material-liquid ratio, compounding the powder with water, and uniformly stirring;
s1.3, adding 0.5-1.1 parts of papain, stirring, fermenting for 6-8h, and spray drying to obtain the finished product.
5. The foliar fertilizer having an enhanced crop resistance as claimed in claim 4 wherein the papain activity is 5 wu/g.
6. The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for improving the crop resistance is characterized by adopting the raw materials with the parts by weight as in claim 5 and comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing compound amino acid;
s2, preparing garlic extract and sophora flavescens extract:
s2.1, respectively drying garlic and sophora flavescens for 20-36 hours at 70-90 ℃ in vacuum, crushing, and sieving by a sieve to respectively obtain garlic powder and sophora flavescens powder;
s2.2, respectively adding garlic powder and sophora flavescens powder into a reflux extraction device, soaking in 30-80% ethanol by volume for 3-5 h, respectively performing ultrasonic treatment, and respectively filtering to obtain garlic filtrate and sophora flavescens filtrate;
s2.3, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on the garlic filtrate and the sophora flavescens filtrate to obtain extractum, suspending the extractum with ultrapure water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:20-50, mixing the obtained first suspension with n-butyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:1-2.5, and uniformly mixing for 30-45 minutes in a shaking manner to respectively obtain a garlic second suspension and a sophora flavescens second suspension;
s2.4, respectively carrying out centrifugal separation on the garlic second suspension and the sophora flavescens second suspension at 1500-3000r/min, and then removing the n-butanol layer to respectively obtain a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer;
s2.5, respectively carrying out vacuum drying on a garlic water layer and a sophora flavescens water layer to obtain a garlic extract and a sophora flavescens extract;
s3, mixing the garlic extract and the sophora flavescens extract with the waste honey liquid, the compound amino acid, the chitin, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the yeast, the high-sugar yeast, the yeast extract, the trichoderma harzianum liquid, the urea and the calcium nitrate uniformly to obtain the finished product.
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